| ?Kodungallur Kerala • India |
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 |
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| Coordinates: | |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area • Elevation |
• 9 m (30 ft) |
| District(s) | Thrissur |
| Population | 33,543 (2001) |
| Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle |
• 680668 • +0480 • KL-8 / KL 47 |
Kodungallur (anglicised name: Cranganore ) is a city and a municipality in Thrissur district in Indian state of Kerala. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or Thrissur ( Trichur / Trissur ( Malayalam: തൃശ്ശൂര് is a district situated in the central part of Kerala state, India India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; It was known in ancient times as Shinkli, Muchiri (anglicised to Muziris) and Muyirikkodu. Muchiripattinam was a famous and prosperous sea-port at the mouth of the Periyar (also known as Choorni Nadi) river in the southern Indian state of Kerala. South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; It is located about 38 km from the present day city of Kochi at upon NH 17.
The name Muchiri (Malayalam for cleft lip) denotes the three branches of the Periyar river that open into the Arabian Sea at the town. Not to be confused with the Malay language. Malayalam (മലയാളം malayāḷaṁ) is a Dravidian language used The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated:
Contents |
Geography
Kodungallur is located at [1]. It has an average elevation of 9 metres (29 feet). The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Kodungallur is situated 35 km away (towards north) from Kochi, 38 km away (towards south-west) from Thrissur and 45 km away (towards south) from Guruvayur near the Arabian Sea Shore.
Transportation
The costal highway NH17 connecting Ernakulam and Mumbai passes through this town. Route 17, or Highway 17 can refer to the following roads Canada Alberta Highway 17 British Columbia Highway 17 This article is about the town of Ernakulam See Ernakulam district. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Kodungallur is situated 38 km south of Thrissur and 35 km north of Ernakulam. For the district with the same name see Thrissur district. Thrissur / Trichur / Trissur ( Malayalam: തൃശ്ശൂര് This article is about the town of Ernakulam See Ernakulam district. Irinjalakuda is situated 16 km north, North Paravur is 12 km south, Chalakudy is 25 km east and the temple town of Guruvayoor is 48 km north of the town. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Irinjalakuda is a town in Thrissur district in the Indian state of Kerala WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> North Paravur (also Parur Paravur taluk Paravoor) is a town and a Municipality in Ernakulam WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chalakudy is a city and a Municipality in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Guruvayur (also written Guruvayoor is a small town in Thrissur district in the Indian state The nearest railway station is Irinjalakuda and the airport is Kochi
The Kollam - Kottapuram National Waterway III ends at kodungallur . Kollam ( Malayalam:കൊല്ലം) (known to the Portuguese as Quilon, pronounced koy-lon) is a city and a Municipal corporation Kottapuram is a common place name in the Indian state of Kerala. A terminous is located close to the kottapuram bridge. It is expected that the waterway will bring down the cost of transportation of goods in kerala.
A new bridge called Krishnankotta bridge has been opened here. It has reduced the distance between the towns of Kodungallur, Mala and Chalakudy. A new bridge at thuruthipuram is under comstruction, which will open a new route to angamaly. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Angamaly is a town and a Municipality in Ernakulam district in the state of Kerala This road is expected to reduce the distance between Malabar and the Kochi international airport. Malabar (മലബാര് is a region of southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.
Ancient fame
The Bhagawati temple at Kodungallur is of great renown throughout the state of Kerala.
Kodungallur is important not only in the history of Kerala but also of India. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It has reference in the epics Ramayana and Mahabharatha. The Rāmāyaṇa ( Devanāgarī: sa रामायण is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the Hindu sage ( Maharishi) Valmiki The poets Pathanjali and Karthiyayan have referred to it in their poems; it also finds reference in the Chilappathikaram. Kodungallur is mentioned in the stone writings of Asoka as well and mention is found in the travelogues of both Plieni and Ptolemy under different names.
The Kodungallur temple is one of the four Devi temples which Bhargava Raman is said to have installed at the four boundaries of Kerala. The popular belief is that in order to save the devotees from the epidemic of chicken pox the Lokambika was installed in the Kodungallur temple by Bhargava Raman. This is one of those rare temples where the Brahmins are not performing the pooja.
Kodungallur was also the capital of Cheraman Perumal, the last Chera ruler, in the 7th century AD who is believed to have been abdicated his throne and divided his kingdom among the local chieftains and left for Mecca to embrace Islam After this, This place was later ruled by Perumpadapu Swaroopam for sometime. Cheraman Perumal can refer to Cheraman Perumal (Nayanar, A Hindu Nayanar saint from South India Cheraman History In early Tamil literature the great Chera rulers are referred to as Cheral Kuttuvan Irumporai Kollipurai and Athan Cochin Royal Family were rulers of Cochin or Kochi They were also known as Perumpadapu Swaroopam, Kuru Swaroopam History There is no historically
Kodungallur situated on the west coast, was once a great port of the Chera rulers. Kodungallur was a critical trade link in Indian Ancient Maritime History. Indian maritime history begins during the 3rd millennium BCE when the inhabitants of the Indus Valley initiate trading with Mesopotamia. It was known as Muziris to Pliny the Elder (N. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author H. 6. 26) who describes it as primum emorium Indiae.
The port was familiar to the author of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea who described it as being situated on river Pseudostomos (Greek for "false mouth" - a precise translation of the Malayalam description of the mouth of the Periyar, Alimukam) two miles from its mouth [2]. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea ( Periplus Maris Erythraei) is a Greek Periplus, describing navigation and trading opportunities Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Not to be confused with the Malay language. Malayalam (മലയാളം malayāḷaṁ) is a Dravidian language used
The ancient Greek explorer, Hippalus landed at this port after discovering the patterns of the Indian monsoon trade winds on his way from the East coast of Africa. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Hippalus was a Greek navigator and merchant who probably lived in the 1st century BCE. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months The evidence of the Peutinger Table suggests that there was a temple to the Roman emperor Augustus. The Tabula Peutingeriana ( Peutinger table) is an Itinerarium showing the Cursus publicus, the road network in the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was
The Greeks, the Romans (known locally as the Yavanas), and the Jews all have come to this place at different times in its ancient history. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC PLEASE TAKE NOTE************
Roman gold and silver coins bearing impressions of Roman Emperors Tiberius and Nero were discovered in the village of Parur near the town during 2000. Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (or Tiberius I) born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16 42 BC – March 16 AD 37) was the second Roman Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( December 15, 37 – June 9, 68) born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.
A second-century papyrus from Egypt concerning the transshipment of goods originating in Muziris from the Red Sea to Alexandria attests the continued importance of the port in the Indian Ocean commerce a century after Pliny and the Periplus. Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ (Rhymes -aɪrəs)is a thick paper-like material produced from the Pith of the papyrus plant Cyperus papyrus This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface [3]
Thomas the Apostle of Jesus with his followers is believed to have landed in Cranganore in the year AD 52 and preached the gospel. Thomas the Apostle, also called Judas Thomas, Doubting Thomas, or Didymus, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) For the comic book see 52 (comic book. Year 52 was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the This article is about the canonical books of the New Testament It thus became the earliest Nasrani Syrian Christian centre of Malabar with monuments built in the memory of Thomas still existing. Syriac Christianity is a culturally and linguistically distinctive community within Eastern Christianity. Malabar (മലബാര് is a region of southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. The existence of a thriving Christian Community here attracted the attention of others and the Bishops who came from Persia chose this place for their residence. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The bones of the right hand of St Thomas were placed in 1953 as a memento. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Malik Ibn Dinar and 20 others who were the followers of Prophet Muhammad, the founder of Islam, first landed here when they came to India. Malik bin Deenar or Malik Ibn Dinar was a Tabi‘in. He is famous for being the first to bring Islam to India. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Islam received royal patronage in some states here, and later spread to other parts of India. He built a mosque there in the shape of a Hindu temple. It could also have been the first mosque in the Indian subcontinent as the exact date of making is not known but is believed to be in 629 AD. Though, generally it is considered to be the second mosque of the world after the mosque in Medina,Saudi Arabia
The Syrian Church was firmly established here before the 9th century. In fact the Jews' settlement in Kodungallur was still earlier. The latter, claimed to hold grants dated A. D. 378. The cruelty of the Portuguese drove most of the Jews to Cochin. Up to 1314, when the Vypin harbour was formed, the only opening in the Cochin backwater, and outlet for the Periyar, was at Kodungalur, which must then have been the best harbour on the coast. In 1502 the Syrian Christians invoked the protection of the Portuguese. With the influence of Portuguese, most of the Syrian Christians accepted Latin Rite in Kodungallur. Kodungallur was erected as an Archdiocese in 1609 but was annexed to the Vicariate of Verapoly in 1838 and further in 1886 the diocese itself was suppressed. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. In 1987 Archdiocese of Verapoly was bifurcated and the Diocese of Kottapuram was formed. Catholics in Kodungallur today belong to this diocese. In 1523 Portuguese built their first fort there, and in 1565 enlarged it. In 1661 the Dutch took the fort, the possession of which for the next forty years was contested between this nation, the zamorin, and the raja of Kodungalur. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Saamoothirippādu or Saamoothiri, anglicised Zamorin, is the used by the Nair rulers of the erstwhile state of Kozhikode (anglicised For other uses see Raja (disambiguation and Rajah (disambiguation. In 1776, Tipu Sultan seized the stronghold. The Dutch recaptured it two years later, and, having ceded it to Tipu Sultan in 1784, sold it to the Travancore raja, and again in 1789 to Tippoo, who destroyed it in the following year.
After Tipu's death, The Kodungallur kovilakam controlled the lands of Kodungallur. Kodungallur then formed an autonomous principality and a subordinate to the Raja of Cochin and remained thus until Indian Independence in 1947. India 's Independence Day is celebrated on August 15 to commemorate its independence from the British rule and its birth as a Sovereign nation The Kodungallur kovilakam was renowned as a centre of learning [4] during this period. Scholars from all over Kerala came to live in the palaces and study Sanskrit and Vedic science. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical
Flood of 1341
The flood of the river Periyar in 1341 AD resulted in splitting of the left branch of the river into two just before Aluva. The flood silted the right branch (known as River Changala) and the natural harbour at the mouth of the river, and resulted in the creation of a new harbour at Kochi. An Island was formed with the name Vypinkara from Vypin to Munambam during the flood.
During this time there was the rise of the Samoothiri Rajas of Kozhikode. Saamoothirippādu or Saamoothiri, anglicised Zamorin, is the used by the Nair rulers of the erstwhile state of Kozhikode (anglicised WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> For the district with the same name see Kozhikode District. The town was nearly completely destroyed by the Portuguese (Suarez de Menezes) on September 1, 1504 in retaliation for the Samoothiri Raja's actions against them[5]. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Saamoothirippādu or Saamoothiri, anglicised Zamorin, is the used by the Nair rulers of the erstwhile state of Kozhikode (anglicised
Perumpadapu Swaroopam still has their roots here. Cochin Royal Family were rulers of Cochin or Kochi They were also known as Perumpadapu Swaroopam, Kuru Swaroopam History There is no historically
The present day natural beauty of the place is enchanting, and it is a popular tourist destination today.
Sights
The present day town has some very interesting monuments for the tourist to view:
- Kodungallur Bagavathy temple - believed to have been constructed during the reign of Chera King, Cheran Senkuttuvan, is famous for its Bharani and Thalappoli festival. History In early Tamil literature the great Chera rulers are referred to as Cheral Kuttuvan Irumporai Kollipurai and Athan The temple requires the pilgrim to carry pepper and turmeric powder as one of the offerings to the deity.
- The Bharani festival at the Kodungallur Bhagawati temple is one of the grandest in Kerala. It is a month of festivities from the Bharani asterism in the month of Aquarius to 7 days after the Bharani asterism in the month of Pisces. Traditionally the temple (especially during the Bharani festival) has been associated with a lot of animal sacrifices. These customs have been done away with in the 20th century. The blood of the sacrificed used to be spilled over two stones in the prakaram, and as mentioned above, this practice is now stopped. William Logan, a social historian of Kerala, noted in 1887 that, "after Onam, the national festival, Kodungallur Bharani was the most important celebration in Kerala.
- Cheraman Jama Masjid - built around 629 AD by Malik Ibn Dinar in the typical local style of architecture and the bodies of some of the original followers are said to have been buried here. Events By Place Persian and Byzantine Empires September - Jerusalem is reconquered by the Byzantine Empire from Malik bin Deenar or Malik Ibn Dinar was a Tabi‘in. He is famous for being the first to bring Islam to India. This is said to be the first mosque constructed in India. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger
- St. Mar Thomas Church - Christ's apostle St Thomas landed in Kodungallur in 52 AD. The St. Thomas Church established by him houses ancient relics and is believed to the first Christian church in India . It is a famous church and very important among the Christians.
- Thiruvanchikulam Mahadeva temple - One of the oldest Siva temples in south India where Lord Siva is said to live along with his whole family. This temple has got a healthy relation with south India's famous Chidambaram temple. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chidambaram is a Municipality and taluk ( Tehsil) headquarters in the Cuddalore district This temple has another rare event called "Anayottam" (Elephant race) which is part of the annual festival.
- Edavilangu sivakrishnapuram temple- One of the oldest temples in kodungallur,actually this temple is under the Cochin Devaswom Board but now look after by the devotees of Edavilangu . Edavilangu is a village in Kodungallur.The west side of Edavilangu is the Arabian sea Here,Lord Siva and Krishna are the main idols.
Various names
Kodungallur has enjoyed various names over the past millennia. In addition to those mentioned previously these are Jangli, Gingaleh, Cyngilin, Shinkali, Chinkli/Jinkali, Shenkala, Cynkali, (These names are derived from the name of river Changala [or Chain i. e. , Shringala in Sanskrit], which originates at Kanjur from River Periyar [Periyar was known as Choorni in Sanskrit and Chulli (Ref: Poem No 149, Akananuru of Sangam literature) in ancient Dravidian language]) Columguria, Vangi, Musirippattanam, Mahodayapuram, Kotilingapuram, Kudalingapuram, Makodai, Kodunkaliyur, Thiruvallur, RaviVisvapuram and Balakreetapuram. There is also a belief that the name Kodungallur is derived from Kodi-linga-puram(10 million Siva Lingas). There is mention in Sangam literature about a ruler with the name Kudako (Ruler of Kudanad - the land between River Periyar and River Ponnani). Kodungallur was the revenue collection center of Kudako for the goods coming to the port, hence the name Kudakonallur which later reduced to Kodugallur,The worlds facmous "Tazhapaya" market "Edavilangu" is situated in konducalloor taluk
Demographics
As of 2001 India census[6], Kodungallur had a population of 33,543. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Kodungallur has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59. 5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 81%. In Kodungallur, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
References
- ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kodungallur
- ^ Menachery, Professor George. Kodungallur - The Cradle of Christianity In India, Thrissur: Marthoma Pontifical Shrine, 2000, Ch. I
- ^ Thür, G. 1987. Hypotheken Urkunde eines Seedarlehens für eine Reise nach Muziris und Apographe für die Tetarte in Alexandria (zu P. Vindob. G. 40. 8222). Tyche 2:229-245.
- ^ Wood, Ananda. Knowledge before printing and after - The Indian tradition in changing Kerala. [1]
- ^ Logan, William. Malabar Manual, Delhi, Asian Educational Services, 2000, 1186 pgs. pp 312, ISBN 81-206-0446-6 (Originally published in Madras, 1887).
- ^ Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns. (Provisional). Census Commission of India. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
Satellite image
See also
- Perumpadapu Swaroopam
- Cochin Jews
- Knanaya
- Kerala
- Saint Thomas Christians
- Trichur
- North Paravur
- Kottapuram
External links
- Indian Christianity - Cranganore:Past and Present
- Indian Christianity - The Glory that was Cranganore
- Catholic Diocese of Kottapuram