The Hospitallers of St Thomas of Canterbury at Acre, usually called the Knights of St Thomas Acon was a Christian Military order. St Thomas Becket (c 1118 &ndash December 29, 1170) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170 A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth military order is a Christian Order of knighthood that is founded for crusading, i Membership was restricted to Englishmen.

Contents 1 Foundation 2 The Worshipful Mercers' Company of London 3 See also 4 References

Foundation

It was established in 1191, at Acre, after the capture of that city by Richard I of England and Philip II of France. Richard I (8 September 1157 &ndash 6 April 1199 was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death After the capture of the city, William, Chaplain to the Dean of St. Pauls Cathedral at London, formed a small religious order, its members taking vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. The Siege of Acre was the first confrontation of the Third Crusade, lasting from August 28, 1189 until July 12, 1191, and the St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican Cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. A religious order is a lineage of communities and organizations of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion usually The purpose of the Order was tending to the sick and wounded, and burying the Christian knights who fell in battle in the Holy Land. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. The Holy Land ( Arabic: الأرض المقدسة al-Arḍ ul-Muqaddasah;Ancient Aramaic: ארעא קדישא Ar'a Qaddisha; Hebrew: ארץ_הקודש To that, William, as Prior of the Order, added the purpose of raising funds to ransom captives from the Muslim armies of Saladin. Prior is a Title, derived from the Latin adjective for 'earlier first' with several notable uses A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Salahadin Ayyubi ( Arabic:صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب Kurdish: سه‌لاحه‌دین ئه‌یوبی Selah'edînê Eyubî; c The success of the Order enabled it to establish a church and hospital which was dedicated to St Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. St Thomas Becket (c 1118 &ndash December 29, 1170) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170 The Archbishop of Canterbury is the chief bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the Becket was martyred in 1170 and canonized in 1173.

It was militarized by Peter of Roche, the Bishop of Winchester, during the Fifth Crusade 1217-1221. Peter des Roches (died 9 June 1238 was Bishop of Winchester in the reigns of John of England and his son Henry III. See also List of bishops of Winchester The Bishop of Winchester is the head of the Church of England The Fifth Crusade ( 1217 &ndash 1221) was an attempt to take back Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering the powerful According to Pope Gregory IX this was done thanks to the indulgence of the existing canons of the Hospital of St Thomas in Acre. Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was Pope from March 19, 1227 to August St Thomas Becket (c 1118 &ndash December 29, 1170) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170 Peter of Roche was a the crusader Bishop of Winchester who contributed to the defences of Jaffa and Sidon. See also List of bishops of Winchester The Bishop of Winchester is the head of the Church of England Jaffa يَافَا;(יָפוֹ Yafo; also Japho, Joppa) is an ancient Port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world Sidon,or Saïda, ( Arabic ar صيدا; Phoenician phoenician yodh In 1236, Pope Gregory IX accorded Papal confirmation to the Order, and the Order became known as the Knights of St Thomas Acon (Acre being anglicised to Acon). Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was Pope from March 19, 1227 to August The Order adopted the rule of the Teutonic Knights. The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order.

For the next 100 years, the crusaders held and defended the city of Acre. During this period, about the year 1279, as the purposes of the Order shifted from that of religious hospitallers to a more military role, the position of Prior, the Order's religious head, lost its pre-eminent position. Prior is a Title, derived from the Latin adjective for 'earlier first' with several notable uses After that, the pre-eminent position was accorded to the Master of the Order. They acquired property and privileges, and created a provincial organization in the British Isles, with its headquarters in Cheapside London and a subordinate preceptors in Kilkenny. Cheapside is a street in Cheap ward of the City of London that links Newgate Street with the junction of Queen Victoria Street Cornhill London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Kilkenny, ( is a city and county town of County Kilkenny in Ireland. In 1257 Alexander IV noted that the foundation did not have adequate resources. By 1279 it appealed to Edward I for funds, and the proposal to merge them with the Knights Templar seems to have arisen from their financial problems. The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order However opposition from the knights to this both in the Levant and England. See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In 1316 members successfully appealed to Edward I against a Templar takeover and also opposed an attempt takeover by the convent of Bonhommes at Ashridge

At the fall of Acre, 12 May 1291, the Master and nine knights of the Order were killed. Ashridge is an estate and house in Hertfordshire, England; part of the land stretches into Buckinghamshire and it is close to the Bedfordshire The Siege of Acre (also called the Fall of Acre) took place in 1291 and resulted in the loss of the Crusader -control city of Acre to the Muslims Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Following the battle, the Holy Land was lost to the Saracens, the Order of St Thomas, along with the Order of Knights Templar, moved their Priory to the island of Cyprus where they erected the beautiful St. The Holy Land ( Arabic: الأرض المقدسة al-Arḍ ul-Muqaddasah;Ancient Aramaic: ארעא קדישא Ar'a Qaddisha; Hebrew: ארץ_הקודש Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam. The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order A priory is a House of men or women under religious vows headed by a Prior or prioress Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Nicholas Church at Nicosia. Nicosia, known locally as Lefkosia (Λευκωσία Lefkoşa is the Capital and largest city of Cyprus. (The ruins of the Church are still standing and have been recently restored. ) However divisions arose between the master in Cyprus and the master of the London. by 1320, with a deteriorating situation in the Levant, Henry of Bedford, the master in Cyprus, came to London and ousted the incumbent master there. When he then appointed a deputy to handle the situation in Cyprus, the brothers there resisted this move. Although this resistance was overcome, within a few years control of the organization had once more reverted to Nicosia. However the financial situation continued to deteriorate with reports of the London premises being reported as being in ruins by 1330 and the order ceased to be a viable military organization with nothing more being heard of the master in Nicosia after 1360.

Having abandoned a military role, they also abandoned the rule of the Teutonic Knights, adopting that of the Augustinians and carrying out charitable work and running a grammar school. The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations Links developed with the Mercers livery company at this time - Becket's father, Gilbert had been a mercer. The Worshipful Company of Mercers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. The latter became their patrons, holding meetings there and using the chapel for prayers. The Order was dissolved in 1538, along with the other monastic orders in England, by Henry VIII. The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the formal process between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from Greek monos, alone is the religious practice in which one Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of

The Worshipful Mercers' Company of London

After the dissolution of the Order, the King offered the hospital and chapel for sale. It was purchased by the Mercers But the buildings were destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. This article is about the Great Fire of 1666 For other great fires in London see Early fires of London or Second Great Fire of London. The Mercers Company is the premier livery company of London, ranking first in the order of precedence of the "Great Twelve City Livery Companies". London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. An order of precedence is a sequential hierarchy of nominal importance of items

The second hall, opened in 1676, was destroyed in 1941 during the Blitz. The Blitz was the sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941 in World War II. The present-day Mercer's Hall and Chapel, opened in 1958, are built on the site. It incorporates some of the fixtures, 17th-century woodwork and Victorian stained glass from the second hall. For the Blackford Oakes novel see Stained Glass (novel The term stained glass refers either to the material of coloured Glass or to the art All that remains of the original Chapel is the recumbent statue of Christ which lies at the entrance to the Mercer's Chapel. The Worshipful Company of Mercers is the only London livery company to have its own private chapel.

See also

• St Thomas Becket
• Archbishop of Canterbury
• Order of St. Thomas of Acon
• Crusades
• Military orders

References

• The Order of St Thomas of Acre by Dr. St Thomas Becket (c 1118 &ndash December 29, 1170) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170 The Archbishop of Canterbury is the chief bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the The Commemorative Order of St Thomas of Acon is an independent British Christian masonic organisation. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents military order is a Christian Order of knighthood that is founded for crusading, i Alan Forey

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