The Trinity Alps near Granite Lake in July 2005

Rogue River Gorge, Oregon

The Klamath Mountains, sometimes called the Salmon Mountains, are a rugged lightly populated mountain range in northwest California and southwest Oregon in the United States. A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The highest peaks are Mount Eddy (9025 ft / 2750 m) in Siskiyou County, California, Thompson Peak (9002 ft / 2744 m) in Trinity County, California, and Mount Ashland (7,533 ft / 2296 m) in Jackson County, Oregon. Mount Eddy is a Mountain located in the Klamath Mountains / Trinity Alps border region of California. Siskiyou County is a County located in the far northernmost part of the U A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Trinity County is a large rugged and mountainous heavily forested county located in the northwestern portion of the U Mount Ashland is the highest peak in the Siskiyou Mountains. It was named for the city of Ashland Oregon, which is north of the mountain Jackson County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. They have a varied geology, with substantial areas of serpentine and marble, and a climate characterised by a moderately cold winters with very heavy snowfall, and warm very dry summers with limited rainfall. The serpentine group describes a group of common rock-forming hydrous Magnesium Iron phyllosilicate (()3 Minerals they Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of As a consequence of the geology, they have a unique flora, known as the Klamath-Siskiyou forests, which includes several endemic or near-endemic trees, such as Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), Foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana spp, balfourinana), Brewer spruce (Picea breweriana) and Kalmiopsis (Kalmiopsis leachiana), forming one of the largest collections of different conifers in the world. In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all The Klamath-Siskiyou forests are a Temperate coniferous forest ecoregion of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere Chamaecyparis lawsoniana is a cypress in the genus Chamaecyparis, family Cupressaceae, known by the name Lawson's Cypress The Foxtail Pine ( Pinus balfouriana) is a rare Pine that is endemic to California,in the United States, where it is found in Picea breweriana ( Brewer's Spruce or Weeping Spruce) is a species of Spruce native to western North America, where it is one Kalmiopsis ( Kalmiopsis leachiana) is a rare Flowering plant endemic to the Siskiyou Mountains of southwest Oregon, where it is The northernmost range of the Klamath Mountains are known as the Siskiyou Mountains. The Siskiyou Mountains are a coastal Mountain range in the northern Klamath Mountains in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon The area is also home to a diverse array of wild fish and animal species, including nine species of salmonid, and bears, large cats, and eagles. Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn are part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. Physiographic regions of the US Interior (See legend) For

Wilderness areas and national forests

The largest concentration of diverse coniferous species of trees exists in these mountains. Specifically in the Russian Wilderness, there are more species of coniferous tree in one location than anywhere else on the globe. Other official wilderness areas include the Trinity Alps Wilderness (second largest in California), the Siskiyou Wilderness, the Marble Mountain Wilderness, the Yolla Bolly Middle Eel Wilderness, the Red Buttes Wilderness, and the Kalmiopsis Wilderness. The Trinity Alps Wilderness is a wilderness area located in northern California, roughly between Eureka and Redding. The Siskiyou Wilderness is a federal Wilderness area designated by the passage of the California Wilderness Act of 1984. The Red Buttes Wilderness is a Wilderness area in the US states of Oregon and California. Kalmiopsis Wilderness is a Wilderness area in the Klamath Mountains of southwestern Oregon, within the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest. There are extensive hiking trail systems, recreation areas and campgrounds both primitive and developed, and the Pacific Crest Trail passes through these mountains as well. The Pacific Crest Trail (also known as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail) is a long-distance mountain Hiking and equestrian trail that runs from Several national forests converge in this region comprising millions of hectares of forest: Shasta-Trinity National Forest, Siskiyou National Forest, Klamath National Forest, Six Rivers National Forest, and Mendocino National Forest. The Shasta-Trinity National Forest is a federally designated forest in northern California, USA The Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest is a United States National Forest located on both sides of the border between the states of Oregon and Klamath National Forest is a 1737774-acre (271527 sq mi or 7032 Six Rivers National Forest is a US National Forest located in the northwestern corner of California. The Mendocino National Forest is located in the Coastal Mountain Range in northwestern California and comprises 913306  Acres (3696 km²

Major rivers, lakes, and game fish species

Klamath River and tributaries

Major rivers and lakes in the Klamath Mountains include the Eel River, Van Duzen River, Klamath River, Trinity River, Mad River, Smith River, Salmon River, Rogue River, Scott River and Castle Lake. The Eel River is a major river system of the northern Pacific coast of the U The Van Duzen River is a River on the north coast of California. The Klamath River ( Ishkêesh in Karuk) approximately long is a major River in southern Oregon and northern California in the The Trinity River is the longest tributary of the Klamath River, approximately long in northwestern California in the United States. The Mad River is a river in upper Northern California. It flows for 95 miles (150 km in a roughly northwest direction through Trinity County and then Humboldt The Smith River is a river on the Pacific coast of northern California in the United States, approximately 20 mi (32 km long The Salmon River is a major tributary to the Klamath River in western Siskiyou County California. The Rogue River in the southwestern part of the US state of Oregon flows from the Cascade Range to the Pacific Ocean. The Scott River is a River in Siskiyou County California, United States. Castle Lake is a glacial lake ( Cirque lake or tarn) located in northern California along the eastern edge of the Klamath Mountains

The many mountains, streams and rivers form a major spawning ground for several species of trout and salmon, yet recently, in the last 50 years, some of the fish stocks have fallen drastically, particularly salmon stocks. The ecoregion's rivers and streams are home to nine species of native salmonids. The depletions occur mainly because the creation of dams and excessive clear cut logging on the steep rugged slopes of the area both contribute to large amounts of silt in the stream beds, which in turn interferes with the salmon spawning, as they need exposed gravel beds in which to lay their eggs. Clearcutting or clearfelling is a Forestry / Logging practice in which the clear majority of all trees in a forest sector are cut down Other notable fish species, besides king salmon and silver salmon, include steelhead, brown trout, rainbow trout, kokanee salmon, eastern brook trout, crappie, bluegill, catfish, large and smallmouth bass. The Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, (from the Russian кижуч kizhuch) is a Species of Anadromous Fish The rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a species of Salmonid native to tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America The brown trout ( Salmo trutta morpha fario and S trutta morpha lacustris) and the sea trout ( S The rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a species of Salmonid native to tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America Sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka) also called red salmon or blueback salmon, is an Anadromous Species of Salmon The brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, (sometimes called the eastern brook trout, Adirondack coaster lake trout) is a Species of Fish "Calico Bass" redirects here For the marine fish see Kelp Bass. For the exoatmospheric nuclear test refer to Bluegill (nuclear test. Catfish ( order Siluriformes) are a very diverse group of bony Fish. The largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides) is a Species of Fish in the sunfish family. The smallmouth bass ( Micropterus dolomieui) is a Species of Freshwater Fish in the sunfish family ( Centrarchidae)

Fauna

The vast forested wildlands, coupled with a low rate of human settlement in the rugged remote terrain, makes for excellent habitat for a number of species. Mammal species include mountain lions, black bears, bobcats, lynx, raccoons, martens, fishers, beavers, grey fox, red fox, northern flying squirrel, and plentiful deer. The cougar ( Puma concolor) also puma, mountain lion, or panther, depending on region is a Mammal of the Felidae family The American Black Bear ( Ursus americanus) is the most common Bear Species native to North America. The Bobcat ( Lynx rufus) is a North American Mammal of the cat family Felidae. A lynx is any of four medium-sized wild cats. All are members of the Genus Lynx, but there is considerable confusion about the best way to classify The raccoon ( Procyon lotor) (sometimes spelt as racoon) also known as the common raccoon, North American raccoon, northern raccoon For the Wiltshire village see Marten Wiltshire. For the town in Bulgaria see Marten Bulgaria. The fisher is a North American Marten, a medium-sized Mustelid. Beavers are two primarily nocturnal semi-aquatic species of Rodent, one native to North America and one to Europe The Gray Fox ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus) is a Mammal of the order Carnivora ranging throughout most of the southern half of North America The Red Fox ( Vulpes vulpes) is a Mammal of the order Carnivora. The Northern flying squirrel ( Glaucomys sabrinus) is one of two species of the genus Glaucomys, the only Flying squirrels found in North Bird species include golden eagles, bald eagles, pileated woodpecker, band-tailed pigeon, several hawks including goshawks, several large owl species including the spotted owl, plus an extensive variety of additional species both plant and animal. The Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere The Bald Eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a Bird of prey found in North America that is most recognizable as the national bird and The Pileated Woodpecker ( Dryocopus pileatus) is a very large North American Woodpecker. The Goshawk ('ɡɔːshɔːk Accipiter gentilis; from OE góshafoc 'goose-hawk' is a medium-large Bird of prey in the family Accipitridae The Owls are an order of birds of prey. Most are Solitary, and nocturnal, with some exceptions (e The Spotted Owl, Strix occidentalis, is a species of owl. It is a resident species of forests in western North America, where it nests in tree holes The area used to have grizzly bear, wolves, and Roosevelt elk. The Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis, also known as the Silvertip Bear, is a Subspecies of Brown bear (Ursus arctos that lives The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora The Roosevelt elk ( Cervus canadensis roosevelti) also known as Olympic elk, is the largest of the four surviving subspecies of Elk in North The latter two are being considered for reintroduction, especially the less controversial elk. Some of the most remote areas hear rumors of bigfoot/sasquatch sightings from time to time, and the legendary creatures play a part in the native folk tales of the Native American populations. Bigfoot or Sasquatch is alleged to be an Ape -like creature inhabiting remote forests mainly in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada

Flora

Calocedrus decurrens (California Incense-cedar)

The Klamath-Siskiyou forests are a temperate coniferous forest ecoregion of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. The ecoregion extends across 50,300 square kilometers (19,400 square miles) of the mountainous region known as the Klamath Knot. The ecoregion harbors rich biodiversity, with several distinct plant communities, including temperate rain forests, moist inland forests, oak forests and savannas, high elevation forests, and alpine grasslands. Thirty conifer species inhabit the region, including seven endemic species, making the region one of the richest coniferous forest regions of the world in species diversity. The region also has several edaphic plant communities, adapted to specific soil types, notably serpentine outcrops.

Conifer species include Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. The Coast Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var menziesii) a variety of Douglas-fir, is an Evergreen Conifer native menziesii), Lawson's Cypress (also known as Port Orford Cedar, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa), Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana), Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana), White Fir (Abies concolor subsp. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana is a cypress in the genus Chamaecyparis, family Cupressaceae, known by the name Lawson's Cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana is a cypress in the genus Chamaecyparis, family Cupressaceae, known by the name Lawson's Cypress Ponderosa Pine ( Pinus ponderosa) sometimes called Bull Pine or Western Yellow Pine is a widespread and variable Pine native to western North The Sugar Pine ( Pinus lambertiana; family Pinaceae) is a species of Pine that occurs in the mountains of Oregon and California Tsuga mertensiana ( Mountain Hemlock) is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the White Fir ( Abies concolor) is a Fir native to the Mountains of western North America, occurring at altitudes of 900-3400 m lowiana), Red Fir (A. The Red Fir ( Abies magnifica) is a western North American Fir, native to the Mountains of southwest Oregon and California magnifica subsp. shastensis), Weeping Spruce (Picea breweriana), Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Western Red Cedar (Thuja Plicata), and Pacific Yew (Taxus brevifolia). Picea breweriana ( Brewer's Spruce or Weeping Spruce) is a species of Spruce native to western North America, where it is one Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living Species of the Genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly Western redcedar ( Thuja plicata) is a species of Thuja, an Evergreen coniferous Tree in the cypress family Taxus brevifolia ( Pacific Yew or Western Yew) is a conifer native to the Pacific Northwest of North America.

Typical species of the Trinity Alps region include Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, red fir, white fir, black oak, canyon live oak, Pacific madrone, bigleaf maple, California buckeye, incense cedar, and Jeffrey pine. Douglas-fir is the common name applied to coniferous Trees of the Genus Pseudotsuga in the family Pinaceae. Quercus chrysolepis, commonly termed Canyon live oak, is a Species of Evergreen Oak that is found in the southwestern part of The Pacific Madrone ( Arbutus menziesii) is a species of Arbutus found on the west coast of North America, from British Columbia (chiefly Acer macrophyllum ( Bigleaf Maple or Oregon Maple) is a large Deciduous Tree in the genus Acer. Aesculus californica ( California Buckeye or California Horse-chestnut) is a species of buckeye endemic to California Calocedrus is a genus of two to three species of Coniferous Trees in the cypress family Cupressaceae; the common name is Incense-cedar Jeffrey Pine ( Pinus jeffreyi) named in honor of its documenter John Jeffrey, is a North American Pine related to Ponderosa Pine California's northernmost stand of Digger Pine is found here along the South Fork of the Salmon River. The Gray Pine ( Pinus sabineana) is a Pine endemic to California in the United States.

See also

• List of Oregon Wildernesses
• California Wilderness Areas