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Kitos War

Roman Empire after 120
Date 115—117
Location Cyprus, Libya, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Judea, Syria
Result Revolt was suppressed by the Roman Empire
Belligerents
Roman Empire Jews of Iudaea
Commanders
Lusius Quietus Lukuas or Andreas
Casualties and losses
Roman & Greek deaths: 200,000 in Cyrene, 240,000 in Cyprus (per Cassius Dio). The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Kingdom of Judea redirects here For the 10th-6th century BCE kingdom see Kingdom of Judah Iudaea ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Lusius Quietus was a Roman General and Governor of Iudaea in 117 The story about Lukuas is told by Eusebius of Caesarea. He was the leader of Jewish rebels during the Kitos War. Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus ( Greek:) (c 155 or 163/164 to after 229 known in English as Cassius Dio, Dio Cassius, or Dio was Unknown deaths in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Judea, and Syria.  ?

The Kitos War (115—117) (Hebrew: מרד הגלויות‎: mered ha'galoyot or mered ha'tfutzot (מרד התפוצות), translation: Rebellion of the exile) is the name given to the second of the Jewish-Roman wars. The name comes from the Mauretanian Roman general Lusius Quietus who ruthlessly suppressed a Jewish revolt in Mesopotamia and was sent to Iudaea to handle the revolt there as procurator under Trajan, a position he held until he was recalled to Rome and executed by Hadrian, due to being a potential rival. Lusius Quietus was a Roman General and Governor of Iudaea in 117 Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding Kingdom of Judea redirects here For the 10th-6th century BCE kingdom see Kingdom of Judah Iudaea ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after

In 115, the Roman army led by Trajan was fighting against one of its major enemies, the Parthian Empire. Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who The diasporic Jews started a revolt in Cyrenaica that also involved Aegyptus and Cyprus. Ægyptus redirects here See Egypt Province for the province of the Ottoman Empire This article treats the History of Cyprus in Classical Antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the Middle Ages. In Cyrene (Cyrenaica), the rebels (led by a Lukuas or Andreas, who called himself "king" according to Eusebius of Caesarea), destroyed many temples, including those to Hecate, Jupiter, Apollo, Artemis, and Isis, as well as the civil structures symbols of Rome, the Caesareum, the basilica, and the thermae. Cyrene (in Greek, Κυρήνη &ndash Kurene) was an ancient Greek Colony in present-day Libya, the oldest and most Hecate ( Greek: Ἑκάτη, "far-shooting") Hekate ( Hekátê In Roman mythology, Jupiter was the king of the gods and the god of Sky and Thunder. In Greek mythology, Artemis language|Greek] ( Nominative), ( Genitive))] was the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister Isis is a goddess in Ancient Egyptian religious beliefs and is celebrated in their mythology as the ideal mother and wife patron of nature and magic friend of slaves sinners The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek, Basiliké Stoà, Royal Stoa) was originally used to describe a Roman This page is on buildings used for Roman bathing For the activity in general see Ancient Roman bathing. The Greek and Roman population was exterminated.

Gibbon, quoting Dion Cassius, states of Jewish insurrectionaries: In Cyrene they massacred 220,000 Greeks; in Cyprus, 240,000; in Egypt a very great multitude. Edward Gibbon ( April 27, 1737 January 16, 1794) was an English historian and Member of Parliament. Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus ( Greek:) (c 155 or 163/164 to after 229 known in English as Cassius Dio, Dio Cassius, or Dio was Cyrene (in Greek, Κυρήνη &ndash Kurene) was an ancient Greek Colony in present-day Libya, the oldest and most Many of these unhappy victims were sawn asunder, according to a precedent to which David had given the sanction of his example. The victorious Jews devoured the flesh, licked up the blood and twisted the entrails like a girdle round their bodies. See Dion Cassius, l. lxviii. [c. 32] p. 1145 [1] [2]

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia on the Cyrene massacres, "By this outbreak Libya was depopulated to such an extent that a few years later new colonies had to be established there (Eusebius, "Chronicle" from the Armenian, fourteenth year of Hadrian). The Jewish Encyclopedia was an Encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Bishop Synesius, a native of Cyrene in the beginning of the fifth century, speaks of the devastations wrought by the Jews ("Do Regno," p. Synesius (c 373 - c 414 a Greek bishop of Ptolemais in the Libyan Pentapolis after 410 was born of wealthy parents who claimed descent from 2). [3]

Then Lukuas moved towards Alexandria, entered the city abandoned by the Roman troops in Egypt led by governor Marcus Rutilius Lupus, and set fire to the city. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια Marcus Rutilius Lupus was Prefect of Egypt during the Jewish uprising of 115 - 117. The pagan temples and the tomb of Pompey were destroyed. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation Trajan sent new troops under the praefectus praetorio Quintus Marcius Turbo, but Egypt and Cyrenaica were pacified only in autumn 117. Quintus Marcius Turbo Fronto Publicius Severus, commonly referred to as Marcius Turbo, was a Roman General during the 2nd century who served The situation was pacified also in Cyprus, where Jews led by Artemion had taken control of the island. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, "Under the leadership of one Artemion, the Cyprian Jews participated in the great uprising against the Romans under Trajan (117), and they are reported to have massacred 240,000 Greeks (Dio Cassius, lxviii. The Jewish Encyclopedia was an Encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who 32). " [4] The Roman army reconquered the capital and the Jews were forbidden to live in the island.

A new revolt sprang up in Mesopotamia, while Trajan was leading his troops against the Parthians, in the Persian Gulf. Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the Trajan reconquered Nisibis (Nusaybin in Turkey), the capital of Osroene Edessa, and Seleucia on the Tigris (Iraq), each of which housed ancient and important Jewish communities. Nusaybin ancient Nisibis, Nisibia Nisibin is a city in Mardin Province, southeastern Turkey populated by Turks, Aramean-Syriacs Osroene (also spelled Osrohene, Osrhoene; Syriac:ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܥܣܪܐ ܥܝܢܐ Malkuṯā d-Bēt ʿŌsrā ʿĪnē Edessa ( Greek:) is the historical name of a Syriac town in northern Mesopotamia, refounded on an ancient site by Seleucus I Nicator For the Syrian seaport of the same name that figures in the travels of Saint Paul see Seleucia Pieria. After the end of the revolt, Trajan was uneasy with the situation, and sent the Mauretanian general Lusius Quietus, to kill Cypriot, Mesopotamian and Syrian Jewish suspects, appointing him governor of Iudaea. In Antiquity Mauretania was originally an independent Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa (named after the Lusius Quietus was a Roman General and Governor of Iudaea in 117

The insurrection of the Jews of Cyrene, Cyprus, and Egypt in the last years of the emperor Trajan had not been entirely suppressed when Hadrian assumed the reins of government in 118. Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after The seat of war was transferred to Iudaea, whither the Jewish leader Lukuas had fled. [5] Marcius Turbo had pursued him, and had sentenced to death the brothers Julian and Pappus, who had been the soul of the rebellion. But, according to indications present in the Talmudic tradition, Turbo was himself executed upon special orders sent from Rome, and the lives of the brothers were saved. [6] Lusius Quietus, the conqueror of the Jews of Mesopotamia, was now in command of the Roman army in Iudaea, and laid siege to Lydda, where the rebel Jews had gathered under the leadership of Julian and Pappus. Lod (לוֹד اَلْلُدّْ al-Ludd; Greco-Latin Lydda) is a mixed Arab - Jewish city about 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv in The distress became so great that the patriarch Rabban Gamaliel II, who was shut up there and died soon afterward, permitted fasting even on Ḥanukkah. Rabban Gamaliel II (also spelled Gamliel רבן גמליאל דיבנה was the first person to lead the Sanhedrin as Nasi after the fall of the second temple which Other rabbis, such as the peace-loving R. Joshua b. Hananiah, condemned this measure. [7] Soon afterward Lydda was taken and masses of the Jews were executed; the "slain of Lydda" are often mentioned in words of reverential praise in the Talmud. [8] Pappus and Julian were among those executed by the Romans in the same year. [9]

The foregoing paragraph narrates the most important events of the campaign of Quietus as mentioned in rabbinical sources. [10] However, this account is not altogether historically accurate. In the first instance, not only was Marcius Turbo not executed, but he remained in favour to the extent that he was eventually appointed prætorian prefect under the Emperor Hadrian. Lusius Quietus, on the other hand, whom the Emperor Trajan at one time intended to formally name him as his successor, was stripped of his command the moment that Hadrian assumed the Imperial title, and was in fact executed in the summer of 118.

The situation in Iudaea remained quite tense for the Romans, who were obliged, under Hadrian to permanently move the Legio VI Ferrata to control Iudaea, and to counter the later Bar Kokhba's revolt. Legio VI Ferrata ( Ironclad) was a Roman legion. Ferrata was not the only name that Legion VI was called it was also known as Fidelas Constans Background After the failed Great Jewish Revolt in the year 70 the Roman authorities took measures to suppress the rebellious province

References

  1. ^ [1] The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward Gibbon. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (known popularly as The History) was written by English Historian Edward Gibbon ( April 27, 1737 January 16, 1794) was an English historian and Member of Parliament. ch. 16, footnote 1
  2. ^ Dion Cassius quotation at Project Gutenburg.
  3. ^ JewishEncyclopedia.com - CYRENE:
  4. ^ JewishEncyclopedia.com - CYPRUS:
  5. ^ Abulfaraj, in Münter, "Der Jüdische Krieg," p. 18, Altona and Leipsic, 1821
  6. ^ Sifra, Emor, viii. 9 [ed. Weiss, p. 99d]; Meg. Ta'anit xii. ; Ta'anit 18b; Sem. viii. ; Eccl. R. iii. 17
  7. ^ Ta'anit ii. 10; Yer. Ta'anit ii. 66a; Yer. Meg. i. 70d; R. H. 18b
  8. ^ Pes. 50a; B. B. 10b; Eccl. R. ix. 10
  9. ^ Ta'anit 18b; Yer. Ta'anit 66b
  10. ^ See also "Revue Etudes Juives," xxx. 212

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