City of Kingston upon Hull
City centre, Kingston upon Hull
Logo
Hull shown within England
The unitary authorities of the Ceremonial East Riding. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city 1. East Riding of Yorkshire (Unitary) 2. Kingston upon Hull (Unitary)
Coordinates: 53°45′N 0°20′W / 53.75, -0.333
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Constituent country	England
Region	Yorkshire and the Humber
Ceremonial county	East Riding of Yorkshire
Admin HQ	Kingston upon Hull
Founded	12th century
City Status	1897
Government
- Type	Unitary authority, City
- Governing body	Hull City Council
- Leadership:	Leader & Cabinet
- Executive:	Liberal Democrat
- MPs:	Alan Johnson (L) Diana Johnson (L) John Prescott (L)
Area
- Total	27. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Yorkshire and the Humber is one of the nine government office Regions of England. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions (Kingston upon Hull City Council is the governing body for the Unitary authority and city of Kingston upon Hull. The pattern of local government in England is complex with the distribution of functions varying according to the local arrangements The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the Composition Graphical representation of the House of Commons This is a comparison of the party strengths in the British House of Commons Alan Arthur Johnson (born 17 May 1950 is a British Labour Party Politician and the Secretary of State for Health. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Diana Ruth Johnson (born 25 July 1966, Northwich) is a British Labour Party Member of Parliament and former member of the The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the John Leslie Prescott (born 31 May 1938 is a British Labour Party Politician, former Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 6 sq mi (71. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 45 km²)
Population (2006 est. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of )
- Total	256,200 (Ranked 33rd)
- Density	9,028. The figures are mid-year estimates for 2007 from the Office for National Statistics. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 7/sq mi (3,486/km²)
- Ethnicity (2005 Estimate)[1]	94. 9% White 1. 8% S. Asian 1. 0% Black 1. 0% Mixed Race 1. 3% Chinese and other
Time zone	Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0)
Postcode Area	HU
Area code(s)	(01482)
ISO 3166-2	GB-KHL
ONS code	00FA
Website: www.hull.gov.uk

Kingston upon Hull (pronunciation (help·info)), almost invariably referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London Coordinated Universal Time, the basis for the world's civil time frequently referred to by the name of its predecessor Greenwich Mean Time Western UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Hull postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Beverley, Brough, Cottingham, Hessle, Hornsea A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks ISO 3166-2GB is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to the United Kingdom. The Office for National Statistics coding system is a hierarchical code used in the United Kingdom for tabulating Census and other statistical data See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland ^[2] It is located 25 miles (40 km) from the North Sea on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, near the Yorkshire coast. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The River Hull is a navigable River in the East Riding of Yorkshire in the north of England. The Humber is a large tidal Estuary on the east coast of northern England An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open ^[2] Hull has a resident population of 256,200 (2006 est. ).

Renamed Kings town upon Hull by King Edward I in 1299, the town and city of Hull has served as market town,^[3] military supply port and staging area,^[4] trading hub,^[5] fishing and whaling centre,^[4] and industrial metropolis. Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost Market town or market right is a legal term originating in the Medieval period for a European settlement that has the right to hold Markets ^[4] Hull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars,^[5] and was the backdrop to events leading to the abolition of the slave trade in Britain. The First English Civil War (1642–1646 was the first of three wars known as the English Civil War (or "Wars" William Wilberforce (24 August 1759 – 29 July 1833 was a British Politician, a Philanthropist ^[6]

It was unique in the United Kingdom in having a municipally owned telephone system from 1902, sporting cream, not red, telephone boxes. The red telephone box, a public telephone kiosk designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, is a familiar sight on the streets of the United Kingdom, Malta Hull does not have a cathedral. After suffering heavy damage during the Second World War,^[5] Hull weathered a period of post-industrial decline,^[7] when the city gained unfavourable results on measures of social deprivation, education and policing. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A post-industrial society is a society in which an economic transition has occurred from a manufacturing based economy to a service based economy, a diffusion However, the city has recently embarked on a programme of regeneration and renewal^[8] and a range of sporting and cultural activities is available.

Contents 1 History 2 Governance 3 Geography 4 Demography 5 Economy 6 Transport and infrastructure 6.1 Telephone system 6.2 Policing 7 Education 7.1 Universities 7.2 Schools 8 Culture 9 Media 10 Sport 11 Dialect and accent 12 Notable people 13 Twinned cities 14 References 15 Notes 16 External links

History

Kingston upon Hull is situated on the north bank of the Humber Estuary at the mouth of its tributary, the River Hull. The Humber is a large tidal Estuary on the east coast of northern England The River Hull is a navigable River in the East Riding of Yorkshire in the north of England. Although this situation was attractive because of its ability to give access to a prosperous hinterland and navigable rivers, the site itself was less so. The hinterland is the land or district behind the borders of a coast or river It was remote and low lying with a virtual absence of fresh water. Archaeological surveys, conducted between 1994 and 2001, in the wetland environment of the Hull valley have discovered that the area has been inhabited since the early Neolithic period. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos Despite the existence of a large number of small sites and many finds dated to the Roman period, little evidence exists for a substantial settlement in the area where the town of Kingston upon Hull was founded. ^[9]

Originally an outlying part of the nearby hamlet of Myton, the site was chosen in the late 12th century by the monks of Meaux Abbey to develop as a new town named Wyke upon Hull. Meaux Abbey was a Cistercian Abbey founded in 1151 by William le Gros 1st Earl of Albemarle and Count of Aumale the fourth Lord of Holderness The River Hull provided a good haven for shipping whose main trade was in the export of wool from the abbey and other local landlords. The town was acquired from the abbey by King Edward I in 1293, who granted a royal charter, dated April 1, 1299, that renamed the settlement King's town upon Hull, or Kingston upon Hull. Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne The charter remains preserved in the archives of the city's Guildhall. ^[5] In 1440, a new charter incorporated the town and instituted local government consisting of a mayor, a sheriff, and twelve aldermen. An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions ^[5] The charter specified that the aldermen also be justices of the peace for the town and its county. ^[5]

Initially the port served as a base for Edward I during the First War of Scottish Independence but later developed into the foremost port on the east coast of England. The First War of Scottish Independence lasted from the outbreak of the war with the invasion by England in 1296 until the De jure restoration of Scottish independence It prospered by the export of wool and woollen cloth and the import of wine and also established a flourishing commerce with the Baltic ports as part of the Hanseatic League. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade ^[10]

Sir William de la Pole was the town's first mayor. William de la Pole of Hull (d 1366 was a wealthy merchant in Kingston upon Hull, a royal moneylender a Baron of the Exchequer, and ultimately a baron ^[11] A prosperous merchant, de la Pole founded a family prominent in government. ^[5] Another successful son of a trading family was bishop John Alcock, who founded Cambridge University's Jesus College and was a patron of the grammar school in Hull. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight John Alcock (c 1430 &ndash October 1 1500) was an English churchman The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the Jesus College in the University of Cambridge was founded in 1496 on the site of a Benedictine nunnery by John Alcock, then Bishop of Ely. ^[5] The increase in trade after the discovery of the Americas and the town's maritime connections are theorised to have played a part in the introduction of a virulent strain of syphilis into Europe from the New World. Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. ^[12]

The town prospered during the 16th and early 17th centuries. ^[5] The memory of Hull's affluence at this time is preserved in the form of several well-maintained buildings from the period, including Wilberforce House, now a museum documenting the life of William Wilberforce. Wilberforce House is the birth place of William Wilberforce, the famous Abolitionist, and is located in High Street Kingston upon Hull, England William Wilberforce (24 August 1759 – 29 July 1833 was a British Politician, a Philanthropist ^[5]

During the English Civil War, Hull was strategically important, and was sought by belligerents on both sides. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. Very early in the war, on 11 January 1642, the king named the Earl of Newcastle as governor of Hull and ordered Capt. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Earl of Newcastle-upon-Tyne is a title that has been created two times Legge to assist him, while Parliament nominated Sir John Hotham and asked his son, Capt. This article is about John Hotham the elder for his son see John Hotham the younger. John Hotham, to secure the town at once. ^[10] Sir John Hotham and Hull corporation declared support for Parliament and denied Charles I entry into the town; this action deprived the king of the weapons in Hull's sizeable arsenal. " Roundheads " was the Nickname given to the Puritan supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. ^[10][5] Named a traitor, Hotham was eventually executed, in spite of a pardon issued by Parliament. ^[5] Parliament carried out the execution when Hotham attempted to switch his loyalty. ^[5] Charles I responded to these events by besieging the town. The Siege of Hull in 1642 was the first major action of the English Civil War. ^[5] This siege helped precipitate open conflict between the forces of Parliament and those of the Royalists. Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War ( 1642 &ndash 1651 ^[5]

Whaling played a major role in the town's fortunes until the mid-19th century. Whaling is the hunting of Whales and dates back to at least 6000 BC ^[5] Hull's prosperity peaked in the decades just before the First World War; it was during this time that city status was granted in 1897. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All ^[4] After the decline of the whaling industry, emphasis shifted to deep sea fishing until the Anglo-Icelandic Cod War of 1975–1976. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. The Cod Wars, also called the Iceland Cod Wars ( Icelandic: Þorskastríðin, "the cod wars" or Landhelgisstríðin, "the The conditions set at the war's end initiated Hull's economic decline. ^[5] However, the city's role as a major port remains, with mainly bulk commodities shipped and commercial road traffic transported by RORO ferry to and from the Dutch ports of Rotterdam and Zeebrugge to Europe. See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Rotterdam (pronounced) is the 2nd-largest City by population in the Netherlands, located in the province of Zeebrugge ( Dutch: Zeebrugge, French: Zeebruges, "Seabruges" in literal translation is a village on the coast of Belgium ^[5] Hull also retains importance as a centre of food-processing for the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located ^[5]

The city's port and industrial facilities, coupled with its proximity to mainland Europe, led to extremely widespread damage by bombing raids during the Second World War; much of the city centre was completely destroyed. Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the Continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ^[5] Research indicates that Hull was the most severely-bombed city or town apart from London during World War II, with 95% of houses being damaged or destroyed. ^[13] Of a population of approximately 320,000 at the beginning of World War II, approximately 192,000 were made homeless as a result of bomb destruction or damage. The worst of the bombing occurred during 1941. Little was known about this destruction by the rest of the country at the time since most of the radio and newspaper reports did not reveal Hull by name but referred to it as a "North-East" town or "northern coastal town". ^[14] Most of the centre was rebuilt in the years following the war, but it is only recently that the last of the "temporary" car parks that occupied the spaces of destroyed buildings have been redeveloped. ^[15]

Areas of Hull are undergoing regeneration. The Humber is a large tidal Estuary on the east coast of northern England Paull is a village and Civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England lying on the north bank of the River Humber, in an area known as The Yorkshire Wolds are low hills in the East Riding of Yorkshire in North-Eastern England. Urban Renewal (similar to Urban Regeneration in British English) is a controversial U These include the Quay West and St Stephen's projects. Costing £300 million Quay West (being built on brownfield land) will provide an open air expansion of the existing Princes Quay shopping centre.

Overlooking the Humber, the new £165 million Humber Quays development, now with World Trade Centre status,^[16] is adding new high quality office space to Hull's waterfront. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency Phase 1 of the project includes two office buildings (both complete), and 51 new apartments. ^[17] Phase 2 will include a new 200 bedroom 4 star hotel, a restaurant, plus more high quality office space. ^[18]

The East Bank of the River Hull will see a £100m residential development connected to Hull's old town. The Boom will include over 600 luxury riverside apartments, shops, boutiques, bistro cafés, a 120 bed luxury hotel, plus health and education facilities. ^[19] The development is to be linked to the City Centre by a new swing footbridge across the River Hull which is described as an "iconic" addition to Hull's skyline. ^[20]

St. Stephen's is a new shopping centre built on the site of the old bus station. It is a 52,000 square metres (560,000 sq ft) scheme, costing over £160 million. It is anchored by a 24-hour superstore and provides shop units, residential areas, car parking, and a new transport interchange. The interchange includes a new bus station and renovated railway station and is said to be the second system in England to combine railway and bus stations with leisure and shopping facilities under one roof, after Doncaster's Frenchgate interchange. Doncaster is a large town in South Yorkshire, England and the principal settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. Stores leasing area in St Stephen's include Zara, Topshop, Oasis, H&M, Next, Jane Norman, and Tesco Extra with more recent additions including Clinton Cards and USC. Topshop is a chain of clothing stores that operates in over 100 countries including the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. In Geography, an oasis (plural oases) or Cienega ( Southwestern United States) is an isolated area of vegetation in a Desert, typically Hennes & Mauritz AB (operating as H&M) is a Swedish clothing company known for its inexpensive and fashionable clothing offerings for women men teenagers and children Next plc ( is a British clothes Retailer, with its headquarters in Enderby, Leicester. This is about the chain of shops in the United Kingdom For the American singer and television personality use Pixanne. Tesco plc is a British -based international grocery and general merchandising retail chain ^[21]

Governance

The city returns three Members of Parliament to the House of Commons and at the last general election elected three labour MPs: Alan Johnson, Diana Johnson and John Prescott who was the Deputy Prime Minister until his resignation on 27 June 2007. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Alan Arthur Johnson (born 17 May 1950 is a British Labour Party Politician and the Secretary of State for Health. Diana Ruth Johnson (born 25 July 1966, Northwich) is a British Labour Party Member of Parliament and former member of the John Leslie Prescott (born 31 May 1938 is a British Labour Party Politician, former Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First The Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is a senior member of the British Cabinet. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[22] The most famous of Hull's MPs is William Wilberforce. William Wilberforce (24 August 1759 – 29 July 1833 was a British Politician, a Philanthropist A native of the city, Wilberforce was the member for Hull 1780 to 1784 when he was elected as an Independent member for Yorkshire. Kingston upon Hull, often simply referred to as Hull, was a parliamentary constituency in Yorkshire, electing two Members of Parliament to the Yorkshire was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1290, then of the Parliament of Great Britain

Following the Local Government Act 1888, Hull became a county borough, a local government district independent of the East Riding of Yorkshire. The Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict c 41 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1888 and established County councils and County borough County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City This district was dissolved under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 when it became a non-metropolitan district of the newly created shire county of Humberside. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. A non-metropolitan county or shire county in England, is a county-level entity which is not a Metropolitan county. Humberside was a Non-metropolitan county of England from 1 April 1974 until 1 April 1996. Humberside (and its county council) was abolished on 1 April 1996 and Hull was made a unitary authority area. A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions

The single-tier local authority of the city is now Hull City Council, headquartered in the Guildhall in the city centre. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. (Kingston upon Hull City Council is the governing body for the Unitary authority and city of Kingston upon Hull. ^[23] The council has several subcomponents with differing responsibilities:

• Cabinet: The Cabinet makes most day-to-day decisions. It consists of the council leader, council deputy leader, and eight other councillors (called Portfolio Holders), all elected by the full council. ^[24]
• Cabinet Committees: The Cabinet appoints councillors to Cabinet Committees to handle specific responsibilities, such as granting of contracts above a certain monetary value. ^[24]
• Task Groups: The Cabinet can form temporary units called Task Groups, usually to deal with specific issues. These can contain members from outside the council, such as persons expert in the issue or members of the public. ^[24]
• Area Committees: These committees are responsible for different geographic areas of the city. They advise the Council and perform certain duties assigned. The Area Committees hold public area forums, in which citizens can participate directly. ^[24]
• Regulatory Committees: Required by law or by the nature of the function for which they are responsible. These functions include planning, licensing, standards, school government, and civic affairs. ^[24]
• Overview and Scrutiny Committees: Designed to allow citizens greater say in council oversight, these committees hold public hearings into issues of local concern. ^[24]

The council was designated as the UK's worst performing authority in both 2004 and 2005, but in 2006 was rated as a two star 'improving adequate' council and in 2007 it retained its two stars with an 'improving well' status in its latest corporate performance assessment. ^{[25][26][27][28]} The Liberal Democrats won overall control of the City Council in the 2007 local elections, ending several years where no single party had a majority. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the The 2007 UK local government elections were held on 3 May, 2007. ^[29] They gained control again in the 2008 local elections with an increased majority. The 2008 United Kingdom local elections were held on May 1, 2008. ^[30]

Geography

At 53°44′30″N, 0°20′0″W (53. 741, -0. 333), 154 miles (248 km) north of London, Kingston upon Hull is near the east coast of the United Kingdom, on the northern bank of the Humber estuary,^[2] with the city centre being sited close to the Humber. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Humber is a large tidal Estuary on the east coast of northern England ^[2] The city is built upon alluvial and glacial deposits which overlie chalk rocks but the underlying chalk has no influence on the topography. The land within the city is generally very flat and is only 2 to 4 metres (6. 5 to 13 ft) above sea level. Because of the relative flatness of the site there are few physical constraints upon building and many open areas are the subject of pressures to build. ^[31] The parishes of Drypool, Marfleet, and Sculcoates, and most of Sutton parish, were absorbed within the borough of Hull in the 19th and 20th centuries. Much of their area has been built over, and socially and economically they have long been inseparable from the city. Sutton alone retained a recognizable village centre in the late 20th century, but on the south and east the advancing suburbs had already reached it. The four villages were, nevertheless, distinct communities, of a largely rural character, until their absorption in the borough—Drypool and Sculcoates in 1837, Marfleet in 1882, and Sutton in 1929. ^[32] The current boundaries of the city are tightly drawn and exclude many of the metropolitan area's nearby villages, of which Cottingham is the largest. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Cottingham is a Village and Civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. ^[33] The city is surrounded by the rural East Riding of Yorkshire, isolating it from the rest of the United Kingdom. ^[34]

Some areas of Hull lie on reclaimed land at or below sea level. The Hull Tidal Surge Barrier is at the point where the River Hull joins the Humber Estuary and is lowered at times when unusually high tides are expected. It is used between 8 and 12 times per year and protects the homes of approximately 10,000 people from flooding. ^[35] Due to its low level, Hull is expected to be at increasing levels of risk from flooding due to global warming. ^[36] Hull was hit particularly hard by the June 2007 United Kingdom floods, with the local topography resulting in standing water over a wide area affecting 20% of the city's housing and damaging 90 out of its 105 schools. The 2007 United Kingdom floods were a series of destructive floods that occurred in various areas across the country during the summer of 2007 The plight of the city at that time was largely overlooked by the media, which focussed upon the more dramatic, localised, flooding in Sheffield and Doncaster, leading council leader Carl Minns to declare Hull the "forgotten city" of the floods. Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England Doncaster is a large town in South Yorkshire, England and the principal settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. ^[37] Damage to schools alone was estimated at £100 million. ^[38]

Located in Northern England, Hull has a temperate maritime climate which is dominated by the passage of mid-latitude depressions. Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line The weather is very changeable from day to day and the warming influence of the Gulf Stream makes the region mild for its latitude. The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension towards Europe the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful warm and swift Atlantic Ocean current that The average total annual rainfall is 565 millimetres (22 in) with rain falling on 109 days of the year. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. January is usually the coldest month and November the wettest. The warmest month is August and the driest is February. ^[39]

Weather averages for Cleethorpes (The nearest weather station to Kingston upon Hull at 20 miles to the south east. )
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °F (°C)	44 (6. 9)	45 (7. 3)	49 (9. 5)	53 (11. 4)	58 (14. 6)	64 (17. 7)	68 (20. 1)	68 (20. 2)	64 (17. 7)	57 (14. 0)	50 (9. 9)	46 (7. 8)	56 (13. 1)
Average low °F (°C)	35 (1. 6)	35 (1. 7)	38 (3. 1)	40 (4. 6)	44 (6. 9)	49 (9. 7)	54 (12. 2)	54 (12. 2)	51 (10. 4)	45 (7. 4)	39 (4. 1)	36 (2. 4)	44 (6. 4)
Precipitation inches (mm)	2 (50. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 7)	1. 5 (38. 3)	1. 8 (45. 6)	1. 7 (42. 4)	1. 7 (43. 5)	2 (50)	1. 5 (38. 4)	1. 9 (48. 7)	2. 1 (52. 1)	1. 8 (46. 5)	2. 3 (57. 2)	2 (52. 0)	22. 3 (565. 4)
Source: [40] 2008-06-07

At around 01:00 GMT on February 27, 2008, Hull was 30 miles (48 km) north of the epicentre of an earthquake measuring 5. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The epicenter or epicentre is the point on the Earth 's surface that is directly above the Hypocenter or focus the point where an Earthquake The 2008 Lincolnshire earthquake struck Lincolnshire, in the United Kingdom, on 27 February 2008 at 005647 3 on the Richter Scale and lasting for nearly 10 seconds. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released This is an unusually large earthquake for this part of the world. ^[41]

Demography

According to the 2001 UK census, Hull had a population of 243,589 living in 104,288 households. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 This population figure is a decline of 7. 5% since the 1991 UK census. ^[42] The population figure has been officially estimated as 256,200 in July 2006. ^[43] In 2001 approximately 53,000 people were aged under 16, 174,000 were aged 16–74, and 17,000 aged 75 and over. ^[42] The 2001 census shows that the population is not very ethnically diverse with 97. 7% being white and 97% indicating they were born in the United Kingdom. ^[42] With regard to religious diversity, in 2001, the city was 71. 7% Christian with 18% of the population indicating they were of no religion while 8. 4% did not specify any religious affiliation. ^[42]

Also in 2001, the city was ranked among the lowest with regard to the proportion of people of working age in employment, coming 354th out of 376 local and unitary authorities within England and Wales. Conversely, it was ranked 5th for the number of people who were unemployed and 6th for the number of long term unemployed people. ^[42]

Population since 1801 - Source: A Vision of Britain through Time[44]
Year	1801	1851	1901	1911	1921	1931	1941[a]	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001[b]
Population Hull	21,280	57,484	236,772	281,525	295,017	309,158	302,074	295,172	289,716	284,365	266,751	266,180	243,595

Unlike many other ancient English cities, Hull has no cathedral. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral It is in the Diocese of York and has a Suffragan bishop. The Diocese of York is an administrative division of the Church of England, part of the Province of York. A suffragan bishop is a Bishop subordinate to a Metropolitan bishop or Diocesan bishop. However, Hull's Holy Trinity Church is the largest parish church in England when floor area is the measurement for comparison. Holy Trinity Church is an Anglican Parish church in the centre of Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. A parish church, in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a Parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The church dates to about 1300^[45] and contains what is widely acknowledged to be some of the finest mediæval brick-work in the country, particularly in the transepts.

Hull forms part of the Southern Vicariate of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough^[46] and included amongst Hull's Catholic churches is St Charles Borromeos, the oldest post-reformation Catholic Church in the city. St Charles Borromeo is a parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough and is the oldest post-reformation Catholic Church in the city of Kingston upon ^[47] There are several seamen's missions and churches based in Hull. The Mission to Seafarers has a centre at West King George Dock ^[48] and the St Nikolaj Danish Seamen's Church is located at 104 Osborne Street, Hull and has services (in Danish) every Sunday. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe ^[49] In 2001, the city had the lowest church attendance in the United Kingdom. ^[50]

Economy

The economy of Hull was built on the fishing industry but even with this in decline the city still remains a very busy port, handling 13 million tonnes of cargo per year. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo ^[51] Freight handling is projected to rise with Network Rail overseeing a £14. Network Rail is a British "not for dividend" Company limited by guarantee whose principal asset is Network Rail Infrastructure Limited a company limited 5 million investment in the rail link to the port to increase its capacity from 10 trains per day to 22, which is scheduled for completion mid-2008. History The Hull and Barnsley Railway (H&BR was opened on 20 July 1885. ^[52][53] The port operations run by Associated British Ports, together with companies in the port, employ 5,000 people, with a further 18,000 employed as a direct result of the port's activities. Associated British Ports Holdings Ltd owns and operates 21 Ports in the United Kingdom. ^[54] The port area of the city has diversified to compensate for the decline in fishing by the introduction of Roll-on Roll-off ferry services to the continent of Europe. See also Merchant ship Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro Ships are ferries designed to carry wheeled Cargo such as These ferries now handle over a million passengers each year. ^[55] Hull exploited the leisure industry by creating a marina from the old Humber Street Dock in the centre of the city. It opened in 1983 has 270 berths for yachts and small sailing craft. ^[56]

Industry in the city is focused on the chemical and health care sectors with several well-known British companies, including BP, Smith & Nephew, Seven Seas, and Reckitt Benckiser, having facilities in Hull. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" BP plc, previously known as British Petroleum, is the third largest global Energy company, a multinational oil company (" Oil major Smith & Nephew ( is a British medical devices company headquartered in London and active internationally Reckitt Benckiser plc ( is a leading British -based manufacturer of cleaning products ^[57] The health care sector is further enhanced by the research facilities provided by the University of Hull through the Institute of Woundcare and the Hull York Medical School partnerships. The University of Hull, also known as Hull University, is an English University, founded in 1927 located in Hull (or Kingston upon Hull) a The Hull York Medical School (HYMS is a Medical school in England which took its first intake of students in 2003 ^[58]

As the biggest settlement in the East Riding of Yorkshire area and the local transport hub, Hull is a natural focus for retail shoppers. There are three large shopping centres in Hull city centre - the Prospect Centre, Prince's Quay and St. Stephen's, the last of which opened on 20 September 2007 and hosts several large stores including Zara, H&M, Next, Jane Norman, and Topshop. Princes Quay is a Shopping centre in the heart of Kingston upon Hull, East Yorkshire, England. St Stephen's Hull is a new 40-acre brownfield site development in the city centre of Kingston upon Hull, England. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Zara is the Flagship Chain store of Inditex Group owned by Spanish tycoon Amancio Ortega, who also owns brands such as Massimo Dutti Hennes & Mauritz AB (operating as H&M) is a Swedish clothing company known for its inexpensive and fashionable clothing offerings for women men teenagers and children Next plc ( is a British clothes Retailer, with its headquarters in Enderby, Leicester. This is about the chain of shops in the United Kingdom For the American singer and television personality use Pixanne. Topshop is a chain of clothing stores that operates in over 100 countries including the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. ^[59] Princes Quay, which is built on stilts in the former Prince's Dock, is due for redevelopment in the near future. ^[60] The Quay West development, due for completion in 2010, will see Prince's Quay extended with another 60 shops, two new department stores and other leisure facilities. The centre includes a new Vue cinema which opened on 21 December 2007 and is the first fully digital cinema in Europe. Vue is a cinema company in Ireland and the UK. The company was formed in May 2003 when SBC International Cinemas bought Warner Village Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[61]

The 50 stall indoor Trinity Market, which is also due to be renovated, is situated next to the city's Holy Trinity Church and the historic Hepworth's Arcade. Holy Trinity Church is an Anglican Parish church in the centre of Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Shops in Hull took £484 million ($991M) between April 2006 and 2007, a rise of £13M over the previous 12 month period. ^[62]

Transport and infrastructure

The main road route into and out of Hull is the M62 motorway/A63 road, which is one of the main east–west routes in northern England. The Humber Bridge is the fifth-largest single-span Suspension bridge in the world near Kingston upon Hull in England. The M62 motorway is a west&ndasheast trans-Pennine Motorway in northern England, connecting the cities of Liverpool and Hull The A63 is a major Road in Yorkshire, England between Leeds and Kingston upon Hull (aka Hull Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line ^[63] It provides a link to the cities of Liverpool, Manchester and Leeds as well as the rest of the country via the UK motorway network. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England The motorway itself ends some distance from the city; the rest of the route is along the A63 dual carriageway. This east–west route forms a small part of the European road route E20. The European route E20 is part of the United Nations International E-road network. ^[64]

Hull is close to the Humber Bridge, which provides road links to destinations south of the Humber. The Humber Bridge is the fifth-largest single-span Suspension bridge in the world near Kingston upon Hull in England. The Humber is a large tidal Estuary on the east coast of northern England This toll bridge was constructed between 1972 and 1981 and at the time it was built it was the longest single-span suspension bridge in the world. It is now fourth in the list. ^[65] Prior to the construction of the bridge those wishing to cross the Humber could either take a ferry or travel inland as far as Goole. Goole is a Town, Civil parish and port located approximately inland on the River Ouse in the East Riding of Yorkshire,

Public transport within the city is provided by two main bus operators: Stagecoach in Hull and East Yorkshire Motor Services. Stagecoach in Hull is the sector of the Stagecoach Group that operates buses in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. East Yorkshire Motor Services (EYMS operates a fleet of approximately 350 buses and coaches throughout Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, the A smaller operator, Alpha Bus and Coach, provides one of the two Park and Ride services in the city, whilst East Yorkshire Motor Services provide the other. Park and ride (or incentive parking) facilities are Public transport stations that allow commuters and other people wishing to travel into Generally, routes within the city are operated by Stagecoach and those which leave the city are operated by EYMS.

Hull Paragon Interchange, opened on 16 September 2007,^[66] is the city’s transport hub, combining the main bus and rail termini in an integrated complex. Hull Paragon Interchange is a major transportation complex in the city of Kingston upon Hull (usually known as Hull England. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. It is expected to have 24,000 people passing through the complex each day. ^[67] From the railway terminus, services run to the rest of the UK, including direct services to London, provided by First Hull Trains. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Performance The latest performance figures for First Hull Trains to be released by the ORR as of the fourth quarter of the financial year 2007/8 are 88

P&O Ferries provide daily overnight ferry services from King George Dock in Hull to Zeebrugge and Rotterdam. P&O Ferries (formerly P&O European Ferries) is a constituent company of DP World (which took over its parent company the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Zeebrugge ( Dutch: Zeebrugge, French: Zeebruges, "Seabruges" in literal translation is a village on the coast of Belgium Rotterdam (pronounced) is the 2nd-largest City by population in the Netherlands, located in the province of ^[68][69] Services to Rotterdam are worked by ferries Pride of Rotterdam and Pride of Hull, the largest ferries operating from the United Kingdom. Facilities The facilities are based over 12 decks. The main public rooms and services centre around atrium area on Decks 8 and 9

The nearest airport is Humberside Airport which is 20 miles (32 km) away in Lincolnshire, this mostly provides charter flights but it also has four KLM scheduled flights to Amsterdam and Aberdeen each day. Humberside Airport is situated in North Lincolnshire, England, 10 Nautical miles (18 Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines ( Dutch: Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij, literally Royal Aviation Company; usual English translation Robin Hood Airport in South Yorkshire is 48 miles (77 km) from the city centre and provides low cost flights to many European destinations. Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield is an international Airport located at the former RAF Finningley airbase in Finningley, South Yorkshire Divisions and environs South Yorkshire is divided into four local government districts they are the City of Sheffield, the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster

Hull has the highest number of 20 miles per hour zones and speed bumps in the UK, in an attempt to increase safety in its residential areas. ^[70] Every 20–mph speed limit sign in the city displays artwork created by local schoolchildren. ^[71][72]

Road transport in Hull suffers from delays caused both by the many bridges over the navigable River Hull which bisects the city and which can cause disruption at busy times, and from the remaining three level crossings in the city. The River Hull is a navigable River in the East Riding of Yorkshire in the north of England. The term level crossing (also called a railroad crossing, road through railroad, railway crossing, train crossing or grade crossing The level crossing problem was greatly relieved during the 1960s with the closure of the Hornsea and Withernsea branch lines, the transfer of all goods traffic to the high level line that circles the city,^[73] and by the construction of two major road bridges on Hessle Road (1962) and Anlaby Road (1964). Early proposals In 1847 there was a proposal by George Hudson 's York and North Midland Railway, to build a railway to Hornsea from a junction with the Yorkshire History The line was promoted by Hull businessman Anthony Bannister, with the intention of linking Hull with the rich agricultural area of South Holderness History The Hull and Barnsley Railway (H&BR was opened on 20 July 1885. Hessle is a Town and Civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, situated west of Kingston upon Hull city centre Anlaby is a village west of Kingston upon Hull, and is in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

Telephone system

Hull is the only city in the UK with its own independent telephone network company, Kingston Communications. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information KCOM Group is a UK communications and IT services provider It is headquartered in Kingston upon Hull, where subsidiary business unit Kingston Communications Its distinctive cream telephone boxes can be seen across the city. A telephone booth, telephone kiosk, (or telephone box in the British Isles) is a small structure furnished with a Payphone and designed The company was formed in 1902 as a municipal department by the City Council and is an early example of municipal enterprise. It remains the only locally operated telephone company in the UK, although it is now privatised. ^[74] Initially Hull City Council retained a 44. (Kingston upon Hull City Council is the governing body for the Unitary authority and city of Kingston upon Hull. 9 per cent interest in the company and used the proceeds from the sale of shares to fund the city's sports venue, the KC Stadium, amongst other things. The Kingston Communications Stadium, often shortened to KC Stadium or just the KC, is a multi-purpose facility in the city of Kingston upon Hull (Hull ^[75] On 24 May 2007 they sold their remaining stake in the company for over £107 million. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[76]

Kingston Communications were one of the first telecoms operators in Europe to offer ADSL to business users, and the first in the world to run an interactive television service using ADSL, known as Kingston Interactive TV (KiT). Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ( ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over Copper Telephone ^[77] In recent years, Kingston Communications has expanded and diversified its service portfolio to become a nationwide provider of telephone, television, and Internet access services, with close to 180,000 customers projected for 2007. ^[78]

Policing

Policing in Kingston upon Hull is undertaken by Humberside Police. Humberside Police is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing an area covering parts of the East Riding of Yorkshire and northern In October 2006 the force was named (jointly with Northamptonshire Police) as the worst performing police force in the United Kingdom, based on data released from the Home Office. Northamptonshire Police is the Home Office police force responsible for policing Northamptonshire in the East Midlands of England. The Home Office is the United Kingdom government department responsible for security and order ^[79] However, after a year of "major improvements", the Home Office list released in October 2007 shows the force rising several places (although still among the bottom six of 43 forces rated). Humberside Police received ratings of "good" or "fair" in most categories. ^[80]

HM Prison Hull is located in the city and is operated by HM Prison Service. HM Prison Hull is a Prison located in Hedon Road Kingston upon Hull, East Yorkshire, England. "HM Prison" redirects here For prisons in Australia see List of Australian prisons. It caters for up to 1,000 adult male prisoners. ^[81]

Education

Universities

Kingston upon Hull is home to the University of Hull, which was founded in 1927 and received its Royal Charter in 1954. The University of Hull, also known as Hull University, is an English University, founded in 1927 located in Hull (or Kingston upon Hull) a The University of Hull, also known as Hull University, is an English University, founded in 1927 located in Hull (or Kingston upon Hull) a It has a student population of 16,000. ^[82] Associated with the university is the Hull York Medical School (HYMS), which took its first intake of students in 2003 as a part of the British government's attempts to train more doctors. The Hull York Medical School (HYMS is a Medical school in England which took its first intake of students in 2003 ^[83]

The University of Lincoln grew out of the University of Humberside, a former polytechnic which was based in Hull. The University of Lincoln is an English University in Lincolnshire whose origins can be traced back to the 19th century Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable Through the 1990s the focus of the institution moved to nearby Lincoln, to where the administrative headquarters and management also moved in 2001. Lincoln (ˈlɪŋkən is a Cathedral city and County town of Lincolnshire, England. ^[84] The University of Lincoln retains a small campus in Hull city centre. ^[85]

Schools

Hull has over 100 local schools; of these, Hull City Council lists 14 secondary schools and 71 primary schools. The following is a partial list of currently operating Schools in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. ^[86] Schools independent of the City Council include Hymers College^[87] and Hull Collegiate School, the latter formed by the merging of Hull Grammar School and Hull High School, run by the United Church Schools Trust. Hymers College is a co-educational independent school located on the site of the old Botanic Gardens of Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, Hull Collegiate School commonly known as Collegiate School or just Collegiate is a public school (privately funded and independent for boys and girls established with the merger of ^[88] There is a further education college, Hull College,^[89] and two large sixth form colleges, Wyke College^[90] and Wilberforce College. Further education (often abbreviated "FE" is Post-secondary Education (in addition to that received at Secondary school) that is distinct from A sixth form college is an educational institution in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Hong Kong or Malta where students aged 16 ^[91] Hull Trinity House School has been offering pre-sea training to prospective mariners since 1787. ^[92]

The city has had low examination success rates for many years and was often near to the bottom of government league tables. ^[93][94] In the 2007 the city moved off the bottom of these tables for pupils who achieve five A* to C grades, including English and Maths, at GCSE by just one place, coming 149th out of 150 local education authorities. The General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE) is the name of an academic qualification awarded in a specified subject generally taken in a number of subjects by However, this represents an increase from 25. 9 per cent in 2006 to 30 per cent in summer 2007 – an improvement of 4. 1 per cent – which is amongst the best in the country. ^[95]

In 2003, the city established a Youth Enterprise Partnership to help to support enterprising young people. Teams from Hull, named K H Smilers, Avian Enterprise, Tops Off, and Force-7, which were formed under this partnership have reached the National Finals of Young Enterprise, with two teams winning and continuing to the European Finals. This partnership also facilitates events with high-profile speakers during National Enterprise Week, and has established a drop-in facility at the BeSPoKe Centre in Bransholme for young people to learn more about setting up in business. Bransholme is an area or housing estate situated on the north-eastern side of Kingston upon Hull, England. The city has also established the John Cracknell Youth Enterprise Bank to give financial support to qualifying individuals. ^[96]

Culture

Hull's Museum Quarter, on the High Street in the heart of the Old Town, consists of Wilberforce House, the Arctic Corsair, the Hull and East Riding Museum, and the Streetlife and Transport Museum. Wilberforce House is the birth place of William Wilberforce, the famous Abolitionist, and is located in High Street Kingston upon Hull, England The Arctic Corsair (H320 is a deep-sea trawler that was converted to a Museum ship in 1999 ^[97] Other museums and visitor attractions include the Ferens Art Gallery, the Maritime Museum, the Spurn Lightship,^[97] the Yorkshire Water Museum,^[98] and the Deep, the world's only submarium. The Ferens Art Gallery is an Art gallery in the English city of Kingston upon Hull. The Hull Maritime Museum ( is a Museum in Kingston upon Hull (Hull England, that explores the seafaring heritage of the city and its environs The Spurn Lightship (LV No 12 is a Lightvessel (ie a Ship used as a Lighthouse) currently anchored in Hull Marina in the British The Deep is a large underwater Aquarium situated at Sammy's Point at the confluence of the River Hull and the Humber estuary in Hull, England ^[99] The Fish Trail leads its followers through old and new sections of the city, following a wide variety of sealife engraved in the pavement. ^[100]

The city has three main theatres. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Hull New Theatre, which opened in 1939,^[101] is the largest venue which features musicals, opera, ballet, drama, children's shows and pantomime. The Hull New Theatre is a Theatre in Kingston upon Hull, East Yorkshire, England. ^[102] The Hull Truck Theatre is a smaller independent theatre, established in 1971,^[103] that regularly features plays, notably those written by John Godber^[104]. The Hull Truck Theatre is a Theatre in Kingston upon Hull, England which presents high quality drama productions John Harold Godber (born May 1956 is an English Playwright, known mainly for his innovative theatre and observational 'comedies with an edge' The Hull Truck Theatre will have a new home in the St Stephen's development. ^[105] The Northern Theatre Company, established in 1975, is also based in the city.

Hull has attracted the attention of poets to the extent that the Australian author Peter Porter has described it as "the most poetic city in England". Peter Neville Frederick Porter (born 16 February 1929) is an Australian born British Poet. ^[106] Philip Larkin set many of his poems in Hull; these include "The Whitsun Weddings", "Toads", and "Here". Philip Arthur Larkin, CH, CBE, FRSL (9 August 1922 – 2 December 1985 was an English Poet, Novelist and Jazz ^[107] Scottish-born Douglas Dunn's Terry Street, a portrait of working-class Hull life, is one the outstanding poetry collections of the 1970s. Douglas Eaglesham Dunn, OBE (born October 23, 1942) is a Scottish Poet, academic and critic ^[108] Dunn forged close associations with such Hull poets as Peter Didsbury and Sean O'Brien; the works of some of these writers appear in the 1982 Bloodaxe anthology A Rumoured City, a work that Dunn edited. Peter Didsbury (born 1946 is an English Poet who was born in Fleetwood, Lancashire but lived most of his life in Hull, in the Sean O'Brien (born 19 December 1952 in London is a British Poet, Critic, Playwright, broadcaster, Anthologist ^[109] Andrew Motion, current Poet Laureate, lectured at the University of Hull between 1976 and 1981,^[110] and Roger McGough studied there. Andrew Motion, FRSL, (born 26 October 1952) is an English Poet, Novelist and Biographer, who is the A Poet Laureate is a Poet officially appointed by a government and is often expected to compose poems for State occasions and other government events The University of Hull, also known as Hull University, is an English University, founded in 1927 located in Hull (or Kingston upon Hull) a Roger Joseph McGough CBE (born 9 November 1937) is a well-known English Performance poet. ^[111] Contemporary poets associated with Hull are Maggie Hannan,^[112] David Wheatley,^[113] and Caitriona O'Reilly. David Wheatley (born 1970 in Dublin) is an Irish poet and critic Caitriona O'Reilly (born in Dublin in 1973) is an Irish poet and critic ^[114]

In the field of classical music, Hull is home to Hull Sinfonietta, the largest professional chamber ensemble in the Humber region,^[115] and also the Hull Philharmonic Orchestra, one of the oldest amateur orchestras in the country. Hull Sinfonietta is one of the major forces changing Hull 's cultural dynamic The Hull Philharmonic Orchestra (colloquially known as The Hull Phil) is an amateur Orchestra based in Kingston upon Hull, England. ^[116] The Hull Philharmonic Youth Orchestra, established in 1952,^[117] the Hull Choral Union, the Hull Bach Choir - which specialises in the performance of 17th and 18th century choral music, the Hull Male Voice Choir, the Arterian Singers and two Gilbert & Sullivan Societies: the Dagger Lane Operatic Society and the Hull Savoyards are also based in Hull. Gilbert and Sullivan refers to the Victorian era partnership of Librettist W There are two brass bands, the East Yorkshire Motor Services Band. ^[118][119] and East Riding of Yorkshire Band. ^[120]

On the popular music scene, in the 1960s, Mick Ronson of the Hull band Rats worked closely with David Bowie and was heavily involved in production of the album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Mick Ronson (26 May 1946 &ndash 29 April 1993 was an English Guitarist, Composer, Multi-instrumentalist, Arranger and producer David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. ^[121] Ronson later went on to record with Lou Reed, Bob Dylan and The Wildhearts. Lewis Allan Reed (born March 2 1942 is an American rock Singer-songwriter and Guitarist. Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major The Wildhearts are a rock group from Newcastle upon Tyne, England. ^[121] There is a Mick Ronson Memorial Stage in Queen's Gardens in Hull. Queen's Gardens is a sequence of gardens in the centre of Kingston upon Hull, England. ^[122] In the 1980s, Hull bands such as The Red Guitars, The Housemartins and Everything But the Girl found mainstream success. The Red Guitars were a English Indie rock band active from 1982 to 1986 The Housemartins were an English pop band that was active in the 1980s Everything but the Girl ( EBTG) are a two-person English band formed in Hull in 1982, consisting of lead singer and sometime- Guitarist ^[123] Paul Heaton, former member of The Housemartins went on to front The Beautiful South. Paul David Heaton (born 9 May 1962 is an English Singer-songwriter. The Housemartins were an English pop band that was active in the 1980s The Beautiful South were an English Pop group formed at the end of the 1980s by former members of Hull group The Housemartins - Paul Heaton ^[124] Another former member of The Housemartins, Norman Cook, now performs as Fatboy Slim. Fatboy Slim, also known as Norman Cook, (born Quentin Leo Cook on 31 July 1963 is a British DJ and Big beat musician ^[125] In 1983, Hull-born Paul Anthony Cook, Stuart Matthewman and Paul Spencer Denman formed the group Sade. Paul Anthony Cook (aka Paul Cooke (born December 18, 1961) is an English drummer percussionist and composer best known for his work on the album Diamond Sade (pronounced "shah-day" ʃɑːˈdeɪ is an English group, which achieved success in the 1980s 1990s and 2000s In 1984, the singer Helen Adu signed to CBS and the group released the album Diamond Life. See also Sade (band Helen Folasade Adu, OBE, (born 16 January 1959 better known as Sade (pronounced "shah-day" ʃɑːˈdeɪ is a The album went Triple Platinum in the UK. ^[126] Vocalist and actor Roland Gift, who formed the Fine Young Cannibals, grew up in Hull. Roland Gift (born Roland Lee Gift, 28 May 1961 Birmingham, England) is a British Actor and Musician. Fine Young Cannibals were a British band best known for their 1989 hits " She Drives Me Crazy " and " Good Thing " ^[127] The record label Pork Recordings started in Hull in the mid-1990s and has released workings of Fila Brazillia^[128] and Mr Beasley amongst others. Pork Recordings is a Record label based in Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire north-east England, that specialises in Electronica, mostly in Fila Brazillia is an electronica collaboration from Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire in North-East England The Sesh night has released four DIY compilations featuring the cream of Hull's live music scene and there are currently a few labels emerging in the city, including Purple Worm Records^[129] and Empire. The Adelphi is a popular local venue for alternative live music in the city, and has achieved notability outside Hull, having hosted such bands as The Stone Roses, Radiohead, Green Day, and Oasis in its history,^[130] whilst the Springhead, caters to a variety of bands and has been recognised nationally as a Live Music Pub of the Year. ^[131]

The nightlife of Hull attracts people from outlying areas as well as inhabitants of the city. It has the concentration of pubs and bars expected of any large city in contemporary Britain. The drinking culture in the city centre tends towards late bars while the wine bars and pubs around Hull University and its accommodation area are popular with students. The University of Hull, also known as Hull University, is an English University, founded in 1927 located in Hull (or Kingston upon Hull) a In particular, the areas around Newland Avenue and Prince's Avenue have seen a rapid expansion in continental style bars and cafes encouraged by the redesign of the street layout. ^[132]

The city is host to a number of festivals and events. The The Humber Mouth literature festival is an annual event and in the 2007 season featured writers such as Will Self, Shami Chakrabarti, Joanne Harris, Raj Persaud, Mike Gayle, Jackie Kay, Jean "Binta" Breeze, Robin Ince, Dan Rhodes, Steven Hall and Christopher Reid. William Self (born 26 September, 1961) is an English Novelist, Reviewer and Columnist. Shami Chakrabarti CBE (born in London, June 16 1969) has been the director of Liberty, a British Pressure group Joanne Michèle Sylvie Harris (b 3 July 1964, Barnsley, Yorkshire) is a British author Rajendra (Raj Persaud (born 13 May, 1963 of Caribbean parents of Indian origin in Reading, Berkshire) is a British consultant Psychiatrist Mike Gayle is a British Author and Freelance Journalist contributing to a variety of magazines including FHM and Jackie Kay MBE (born 1961 is a Scottish Poet and Novelist Biography Jackie Kay was born in Edinburgh in Jean "Binta" Breeze (born 1956 is a Jamaican Dub poet, and storyteller Robin Ince (born 1969 is an English Stand-up comedian, Actor and Writer. Dan Rhodes is a British author who was born in 1972. He is probably best known for the novel Timoleon Vieta Come Home, a subversion of the popular Lassie Steven Hall (born 1975 in Derbyshire is a British author He has produced a number of plays music videos concrete prose/conceptual art pieces and short stories Christopher Reid (born May 13 1949) is a British poet essayist Cartoonist, and Writer. ^[133]The annual Hull Jazz Festival takes place around the Marina area for a week at the beginning of August. Hull Marina is a Marina for pleasure boats situated in the English city of Kingston upon Hull. ^[134] This is followed, in early September, by the Sea Fever Festival, an International Sea Shanty Festival. Sea shanties (singular " shanty " also spelled " chantey " derived from the French word "chanter" 'to sing' were Shipboard ^[135]

Early October sees the arrival of Hull Fair which is one of Europe's largest travelling funfair and takes place on land adjacent to the KC Stadium. Hull Fair is one of Europe's largest travelling funfairs, which comes to Hull, England for one week (Friday 12 noon - 12 midnight to the following Saturday Traveling carnival A funfair or simply fair (eg " County fair" " state fair" is a small to medium sized traveling Fair The Kingston Communications Stadium, often shortened to KC Stadium or just the KC, is a multi-purpose facility in the city of Kingston upon Hull (Hull ^[136] The Hull Global Food Festival held its first annual event in the city's Queen Victoria Square for three days in 2007 with the next event scheduled for 22 August–24 August 2008. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common According to officials, the event attracted 125,000 visitors and brought some £5 million in revenue to the area. ^[137] In 2007 the Hull Metalfest began in the Welly Club,^[138] it was the second largest UK Metal festival after the Download Festival. The Download Festival is a three day Music festival held annually at Donington Park (which hosted the Monsters of Rock Festivals between 1980 and 1996 It featured Major Label bands hailing from America, Canada and Italy, as well as the UK, such as: Dead To Fall (USA), From A Second Story Window (USA), Ion Dissonance (Canada), Belay My last (USA), Abel Is Dying (Italy), Eternal Lord, Annotations of an Autopsy, With Chaos in Her Wake, Postmortem Promises, Clone the Fragile and many more. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The first Hull Comedy Festival, which included performers such as Stewart Lee and Russell Howard was held in 2007 and it is anticipated that this too will become an annual festival. The Hull Comedy Festival is an annual event which takes place in Kingston upon Hull, England. Career to 2000 While studying English at St Edmund Hall Oxford in the 1980s he wrote and performed comedy in a revue group called "The Seven Raymonds Russell Joseph Howard (born March 23, 1980 in Bristol) is an English Comedian famed for his improvisational skills which have led ^[139]

See also: Bands and musicians from Yorkshire and North East England

Media

Hull's daily newspaper is the Hull Daily Mail which was named Yorkshire Daily Newspaper of the Year in 2003,^[140] 2004,^[141] 2006^[142] and 2007. The Hull Daily Mail is the local daily Newspaper for Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire and is published along with the free weekly ^[143] Mail News and Media also has an internet presence, with separate sites for local news, sports and nightlife. Local listings and what's on guides include Tenfoot City Magazine and Sandman Magazine. Sandman is a free music Magazine originating in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The BBC has its new Yorkshire and Lincolnshire regional headquarters at Queen's Gardens,^[144] from which the regional news programme Look North is broadcast. Queen's Gardens is a sequence of gardens in the centre of Kingston upon Hull, England. Radio services come from BBC Radio Humberside, Viking FM, KCFM, Magic 1161, Hull University Union's Jam 1575, and Kingstown Radio, the hospital-based radio station, which all broadcast to the city. BBC Radio Humberside is a BBC Local Radio service covering the area of the former English county of Humberside, which was returned to Viking FM is an Independent Local Radio station which has broadcast music and local information to the East Yorkshire, North Lincolnshire and KCFM is the new Independent local radio station based in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Magic 1161 is a commercial radio station which broadcasts to the East Riding of Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire in England since 1997 Jam Radio (formerly Jam 1575) is Hull University Union 's student radio station broadcasting all year round Kingstown Radio is a Hospital radio station based in Kingston upon Hull, England. ^[145]

Sport

The city's professional football team, Hull City AFC, will play in the Premier League, the top tier of the English football league system, for the 2008–09 season, having been promoted in the 2007–08 season. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Hull City Association Football Club are an English football club based in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire. The Premier League, colloquially referred to as the Premiership, is an English professional league for football clubs The English football league system, also known as the football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in England (although ^[146] The team play at the Kingston Communications Stadium. The Kingston Communications Stadium, often shortened to KC Stadium or just the KC, is a multi-purpose facility in the city of Kingston upon Hull (Hull

Hull is a rugby league hub, having two teams who play in the Super League. History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games Hull FC, along with Hull City AFC, play at the Kingston Communications Stadium^[147] and Hull Kingston Rovers who play at Craven Park. Hull FC is a professional Rugby league football club formed in 1865 and based in Hull, East Yorkshire, England. Hull Kingston Rovers or Hull KR is a British Rugby league club playing in Super League (Europe, having won promotion from National Craven Park is the home of Hull Kingston Rovers RLFC situated on Preston Road in Hull, England. ^[148] There are also several lower league teams in the city, such as East Hull, West Hull, Hull Dockers and Hull Isberg, who all play in the National Conference League. The National Conference League is the top league in the pyramid of amateur Rugby leagues run by the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA ^[149] Rugby union is catered for by Hull Ionians who play at Brantingham Park. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Hull Ionians are a Rugby union club in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. ^[150]

The city also has Hull Ice Arena,^[151] a large ice rink and concert venue, which is home to the Hull Stingrays ice hockey team who play in the Elite Ice Hockey League. The Hull Ice Arena (formally the Humberside Ice Arena) is an Ice rink in the city of Kingston upon Hull, England. Predecessors Seahawks and Hawks 1988 – 1999 See also Humberside Seahawks Thunder 1999 – 2003 See also Hull Thunder Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. The Elite Ice Hockey League (also known for sponsorship reasons as the Bmibaby Elite League) is a Professional Ice hockey league in the United ^[151] New to the city is the Hull Hornets American Football Club which acquired full member status of the British American Football League on 5 November 2006 and played in the BAFL Division 2 Central league for 2007. Hull Hornets are an American Football team based in the Kingston upon Hull and East Riding of Yorkshire area American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with British American Football League (BAFL is the United Kingdom 's primary American Football league Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Greyhound racing returned to the city on 25 October 2007 with the re-opening of The Boulevard stadium as a venue for the sport. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Boulevard is a multi-use Stadium in Hull, England. The venue was saved from demolition and reopened on 25 October 2007 as the ^[152] In mid-2006 Hull was home to the professional wrestling company 1PW, which held the Devils Due event on 27 July in the Gemtec Arena. 1 Pro Wrestling (or 1PW is a British Professional wrestling promotion based in Doncaster. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. The Gemtec Arena (formally the Vulcan Arena) is a sports centre located next to the Kingston Communications Stadium in Kingston upon Hull, East Yorkshire ^[153]

.

Dialect and accent

The local accent is quite distinctive and noticeably different from the rest of the East Riding; however it is still categorised amongst Yorkshire accents. In Linguistics, an accent is a manner of Pronunciation of a language The Yorkshire dialect refers to the varieties of English used in the Northern England historic county of Yorkshire. The most notable feature of the accent is the strong I-mutation^[154] in words like goat, which is [gəʊt] in standard English and [goːt] across most of Yorkshire, becomes [gɵːt] ("geuht") in and around parts of Hull, although there is variation across areas and generations. I-mutation (also known as umlaut, front mutation, i-umlaut, i/j-mutation or i/j-umlaut) is an important type of Sound change Standard English (often shortened to SE within linguistic circles is a term generally applied to a form of the English language that is thought to be normative

In common with much of England (outside of the far north), another feature is dropping the H from the start of words, for example Hull is more often pronounced 'Ull in the city. The vowel in "Hull" is pronounced the same way as in Standard English, however, and not as the very short /U/ that exists in Lincolnshire, although the rhythm of the accent is more like that of northern Lincolnshire than that of the rural East Riding, which is perhaps due to migration from Lincolnshire to the city during its industrial growth. One feature that it does share with the surrounding rural area is that an /i/ sound in the middle of a word often becomes an /a:/: for example, "five" may sound like "fahve", "time" like "tahme", etc. "Guide" and "guard" for example are therefore homophones. ^[155]

The vowel sound in words such as burnt, nurse, first is pronounced with an /E:/ sound, as is also heard in Liverpool and in Middlesbrough, yet this sound is very uncommon in most of Yorkshire. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Middlesbrough ( IPA ( Received pronunciation) is a Town in the Tees Valley sub-region of the North East of England The word pairs spur/spare and fur/fair illustrate this. ^[156] The generational and/or geographic variation can be heard in word pairs like pork/poke or cork/coke, or hall/hole, which some people pronounce identically while others make a distinction; anyone called "Paul" (for example) soon becomes aware of this (Paul/pole). ^[157][158]

An amusing postcard is produced mocking the Hull accent. A postcard or post card is a rectangular piece of thick Paper or thin cardboard intended for writing and mailing without an Envelope and It lists a number of words and phrases as they are spoken by some people in the city and a 'translation' to the Queen's English. Received Pronunciation ( RP) is a form of Pronunciation of the English language (specifically British English) which has long been perceived as For example, someone in Hull telling you that they had received a fern curl could be telling someone they had received a phone call.

Notable people

Most of the notable people associated with the city can be found in the People from Hull and People associated with the University of Hull categories.

People from Hull are called Hullensians and the city has been the birthplace and home to many notable people. Amongst the most notable persons of historic significance with a connection to Hull are William Wilberforce who was instrumental in the abolition of slavery^[159] and Amy Johnson, aviator who was the first person to fly solo from England to Australia. William Wilberforce (24 August 1759 – 29 July 1833 was a British Politician, a Philanthropist WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ^[160] Notable entertainers from the city include actor John Alderton^[161] and actress Maureen Lipman. John Alderton (born 27 November 1940) is an English Actor who is best known for his roles in Upstairs Downstairs, Maureen Diane Lipman CBE (born 10 May, 1946) is a British film Theatre and television actress, Columnist ^[162] Playwrights Richard Bean, John Godber and Alan Plater have close connections with Hull. Richard Bean, born in East Hull in 1956 is an English Playwright. John Harold Godber (born May 1956 is an English Playwright, known mainly for his innovative theatre and observational 'comedies with an edge' Alan Frederick Plater CBE (born 15 April 1935 is an English Playwright and Screenwriter, who has worked extensively in British television from ^{[163] [164][165]} Musicians include Paul Heaton of the Housemartins and The Beautiful South^[124] and guitarist Mick Ronson who worked with David Bowie. Paul David Heaton (born 9 May 1962 is an English Singer-songwriter. The Housemartins were an English pop band that was active in the 1980s The Beautiful South were an English Pop group formed at the end of the 1980s by former members of Hull group The Housemartins - Paul Heaton Mick Ronson (26 May 1946 &ndash 29 April 1993 was an English Guitarist, Composer, Multi-instrumentalist, Arranger and producer David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. ^[166] Notable sportspeople include Clive Sullivan, rugby league player, who played for both of Hull's professional rugby league teams. Clive Sullivan (born in Cardiff) was a Welsh Rugby league player who played with both Hull FC and Hull Kingston Rovers in his career ^[167] The main A63 road into the city from the Humber Bridge is named after him (Clive Sullivan Way). The A63 is a major Road in Yorkshire, England between Leeds and Kingston upon Hull (aka Hull The Humber Bridge is the fifth-largest single-span Suspension bridge in the world near Kingston upon Hull in England.

Twinned cities

Hull has formal twinning arrangements with several places:^[168]

	Country		Place		County / District / Region / State	Date
	Sierra Leone		Freetown		Western Area
	Japan		Niigata		Niigata
	United States		Raleigh		North Carolina
	Iceland		Reykjavík		Reykjavík
	Netherlands		Rotterdam		South Holland
	Poland		Szczecin		West Pomerania

Hull, Massachusetts in the USA is named after this city,^[169] as is Hull, Quebec, which is part of the Canadian national capital region. Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. Freetown is the Capital and largest City of Sierra Leone, and a major Port on the Atlantic Ocean. The Western Area is one of four principal divisions of Sierra Leone. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. is the capital and the most populous city of Niigata Prefecture, Japan. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines--> is a prefecture of Japan located on Honshū Island on the coast of the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Raleigh (pronounced rah-lee) is the Capital of the State of North Carolina and the county seat of Wake County, USA North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( For the Greater Reykjavík Area see the Greater Reykjavík Area. Iceland is divided into 6 constituencies for the purpose of selecting representatives to the Alþingi (parliament The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Rotterdam (pronounced) is the 2nd-largest City by population in the Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland ( Dutch:) is a province situated on the North Sea in the western part of the Netherlands. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland West Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known by its Polish name of województwo zachodniopomorskie or simply Zachodniopomorskie) is a voivodeship Hull is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. Hull is the central and oldest part of the city of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page ^[170]

References

Notes

^a There was no census in 1941: figures are from National Register. United Kingdom and Isle of Man. Statistics of Population on 29 September 1939 by Sex, Age and Marital Condition

^b There is a discrepancy of 6 between Office of National Statistics figures (quoted before) and those on the Vision of Britain website (quoted here). Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

External links

• Hull City Council
• Photographs of modern and historic features in Kingston upon Hull
• Kingston upon Hull travel guide from Wikitravel

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.

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