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The Kingdom of Sussex, (Suth Seaxe, i. Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or e. the South Saxons), was one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, the boundaries of which coincided in general with those of the earlier kingdom of the Regnenses and the later county of Sussex. The Regnenses, Regni or Regini were the subjects of a British Celtic kingdom and later a Civitas of Roman Britain. Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. A large part of that district, however, was covered in early times by the forest called Andred. The Weald (wɪəld is the name given to a physiographic area in south-east England situated between the parallel Chalk Escarpments of the North It was ruled by the kings of Sussex. This list of kings and ealdormen of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Sussex contains substantial gaps and many of the dates from this time are unreliable
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History
Foundation
According to the traditional account given in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, it was in 477 that a certain Ælle led the invaders ashore at a place called Cymenes ora and defeated the inhabitants. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of Annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. Ælle (also Aelle or Ella,) is recorded in early sources as the first king of the South Saxons, reigning in what is now called Sussex A further battle at a place called Mearcredes burne is recorded under the year 485, and in the annal for 491 we read that Ælle and his son Cissa sacked Anderitum (Pevensey Castle) and slew all the inhabitants. Cissa is the name of a (possibly mythical King of Sussex. The town of Chichester is supposedly named after him. Anderitum was a Saxon Shore Fort in the Roman province of Britannia. Pevensey Castle is a medieval Castle and former Roman fort at Pevensey in the English county of East Sussex. Ælle is the first king of the invading race whom Bede describes as exercising supremacy over his fellows, though little weight can be attached to the dates and events given by the Chronicle, which was not compiled until some centuries later. .
7th century
The history of Sussex now becomes a blank until 607, in which year Ceolwulf of Wessex is found fighting against the South Saxons. Ceolwulf, a member of the House of Wessex, became King of Wessex in 597 upon the death of his brother Ceol because at that time Ceol's son Cynegils In 681 Wilfrid of York, on his expulsion from Northumbria by Ecgfrith, retired into Sussex, where he remained until 686 converting its pagan inhabitants. Wilfrid (c 634 - 24 April 709 was an English Bishop and Saint. Ecgfrith (c 645– May 20, 685) was the King of Northumbria from 670 until his death Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world According to Bede, Æðelwealh, king of Sussex, had been previously baptized in Mercia at the suggestion of Wulfhere, who presented him with the Isle of Wight and the district about the Meon. Bede (ˈbiːd (also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or (from Latin Beda (beda (c Æthelwealh ( ''fl'' c 660-685 (also written Aedilualch, Aethelwalch, Aþelwold, Æðelwold, Æþelwald, or Ethelwalch Mercia (ˈmɝsiə was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. Wulfhere (died 675 was King of Mercia from the end of the 650s until 675 The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the After Wilfrid's exertions in relieving a famine which occurred in Sussex, Æðelwealh gave lands in Selsey to him on which to found Selsey Abbey, that later became the seat of the South Saxon bishopric, and remained so until 1075. Selsey is a seaside town and Civil parish, about 7 miles (11 kilometres south of Chichester, in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England Selsey Abbey was an Abbey at Selsey, Sussex England It was founded in 681, and became the seat of the Sussex bishopric (later moved to Chichester See also List of Bishops of Chichester and precursor offices The Bishop of Chichester is the Ordinary of the Church of England
Shortly afterwards, however, Æðelwealh was slain and his kingdom ravaged by the exiled West Saxon prince Caedwalla. Cædwalla (c 659 &ndash 20 April 689 was the King of Wessex from about 685 until 688 when he abdicated The latter was eventually expelled by two Ealdormen named Berhthun and Andhun, who thereupon assumed the government of the kingdom. Beorhthun ( Floruit 680s was a dux of the South Saxons. Bede 's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Book IV Chapter Andhun was an Ealdorman of Sussex under King Æðelwealh, who was slain by the Wessex prince Cædwalla, who invaded and ravaged Sussex In 686 the South Saxons attacked Hlothhere, king of Kent, in support of his nephew Eadric, but soon afterwards Berhthun was killed and the kingdom subjugated for a time by Ceadwalla, who had now become king of Wessex. Hlothhere (died February 6, 685) was a King of Kent who ruled from 673 to 685 The Kingdom of Kent was a kingdom of Jutes in southeast England and was one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the so-called Anglo-Saxon heptarchy. Eadric (died August 686? was a King of Kent (685 - 686 He was the son of Ecgberht I. West Saxon redirects here For other meanings of Wessex or West Saxon see Wessex (disambiguation.
Of the later South Saxon kings we have little knowledge except from occasional charters. In 692 a grant [1] is made by a king called Noðhelm, or Nunna, to his sister, which is witnessed by another king called Watt. Noðhelm, or Nunna for short was King of Sussex, apparently reigning jointly with Watt, Osric, and Æðelstan. Watt was a King of Sussex, reigning jointly with Noðhelm at least between 692 and 705. Nunna is described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the kinsman of Ine of Wessex who fought with him against Geraint, King of the Britons, in 710. Ine was King of Wessex from 688 to 726 He was unable to retain the territorial gains of his predecessor Cædwalla, who had brought much of Southern Geraint (d 710 known in Latin as Gerontius) was a King of Dumnonia who ruled in the early 8th century According to Bede, Sussex was subject to Ine for a number of years.
8th century
A charter [2], dated 775 in error for 725, purports to be a grant by Noðhelm to Eadberht, Bishop of Selsey, and to this too Watt appears as a witness. Noðhelm, or Nunna for short was King of Sussex, apparently reigning jointly with Watt, Osric, and Æðelstan. Eadberht of Selsey was an Abbot of Selsey Abbey, later promoted to become the first Bishop of Selsey, though neither the date of his consecration nor See also List of Bishops of Chichester and precursor offices The Bishop of Chichester is the Ordinary of the Church of England Watt was a King of Sussex, reigning jointly with Noðhelm at least between 692 and 705. But this charter is now believed to be a forgery from the late 10th century or early 11th century, and is therefore of no value.
There is an undated charter of Noðhelm [3] that is witnessed by a certain Osric, without indication of rank or territory, but presumably another king, as his name is listed before, and he therefore ranked higher than, Eadberht, Bishop of Selsey, whose rank and see are also omitted. Osric was possibly a King of Sussex, reigning jointly with Noðhelm. Eadberht of Selsey was an Abbot of Selsey Abbey, later promoted to become the first Bishop of Selsey, though neither the date of his consecration nor The charter can be approximately dated to some point between about 705 and 717.
Noðhelm’s last surviving charter, which is dated 714 in error for 717, [4], is witnessed by a King Æðelstan. Æðelstan ( Floruit 717x724 was a King presumably of Sussex, reigning jointly with Noðhelm.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "In 722 Ealdberht fled into Surrey and Sussex, and Ine fought against the South Saxons".
A little later, Æðelberht, was King of Sussex, but he is known only from charters. Aethelbert, or more correctly Æðelberht, was King of Sussex, but is known only from charters The dates of Æðelberht’s reign are unknown beyond the fact that he was a contemporary of Sigeferth, Bishop of Selsey from 733, as Sigeferth witnessed an undated charter of Æðelberht [5] in which Æðelberht is styled Ethelbertus rex Sussaxonum. Sigeferth or Sigefirth or Sicgga, was the third Bishop of Selsey, consecrated in 733 by Archbishop Tatwine, and was still bishop in 747
After this we hear nothing more until about 765, when a grant [6] of land is made by a king named Ealdwulf and with two other kings, Ælfwald and Oslac, as witnesses. Ealdwulf was a King of Sussex, but is known only from his charters Ælfwald was a King of Sussex, who reigned jointly with Ealdwulf and Oslac, and probably also with Oswald and Osmund. Oslac was a King of Sussex. He reigned jointly with Ealdwulf and Ælfwald, and probably also Oswald and Osmund.
In 765 [7] and 770 [8] grants are made by a King Osmund, the latter of which was later confirmed by Offa of Mercia. Osmund ( fl 760&ndash772 was a King of Sussex, apparently reigning jointly with Oswald, Ælfwald, and Oslac. Offa was the King of Mercia from 757 until his death in July 796
Offa also confirmed two charters of Æðelberht, and in 772 [9] he grants land himself in Sussex, with Oswald, dux Suðsax', as a witness. Aethelbert, or more correctly Æðelberht, was King of Sussex, but is known only from charters Oswald was an Ealdorman of Sussex, jointly with three former kings Osmund, Ælfwald, and Oslac. It is probable that about this time Offa annexed the kingdom of Sussex, as several persons, Osmund, Ælfwald and Oslac, who had previously used the royal title, now sign with that of dux. Osmund ( fl 760&ndash772 was a King of Sussex, apparently reigning jointly with Oswald, Ælfwald, and Oslac. Ælfwald was a King of Sussex, who reigned jointly with Ealdwulf and Oslac, and probably also with Oswald and Osmund. Oslac was a King of Sussex. He reigned jointly with Ealdwulf and Ælfwald, and probably also Oswald and Osmund.
9th century
In 825 the South Saxons submitted to Ecgberht, and from this time they remained subject to the West Saxon dynasty. Egbert (also spelt Ecgberht) (died 839 was King of Wessex from 802 until 839 The earldom of Sussex seems later to have been held sometimes with that of Kent.
900-1066
The death of Eadwine, Ealdorman of Sussex, is recorded in 982, because he was buried at Abingdon Abbey in Berkshire, where one version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle was compiled. Eadwine was a king of Sussex. His death was recorded in 982 and he was buried Abingdon Abbey in Berkshire where one version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle According to the abbey’s records, in which he was called princeps Australium Saxonum, Eadwinus nomine, he bequeathed estates to them in his will, although the document itself has not survived. Earlier in the same year he witnessed a charter of King Ethelred the Unready[10] as Eaduuine dux. Ethelred II ( c. 968 – 23 April 1016 also known as Æthelred II, Aethelred II, Ethelred the Unready, Æthelred the Unready His name was also added to a forged charter dated 956 (possibly an error for 976) [11].
In the next generation, Wulfnoth Cild, Thegn of Sussex, played a prominent part in English politics. Wulfnoth Cild (died 1015 is thought to have been the father of Godwin Earl of Wessex and thus the grandfather of King Harold Godwinson. In 1009 his actions resulted in the destruction of the English fleet, and by 1011 Sussex, together with most of South East England, was in the hands of the Danes. In an early example of local government reform, the Anglo-Saxon ealdormanrys were abolished by the Danish kings and replaced a smaller number of larger earldoms. Wulfnoth Cild was the father of Godwin, who was made Earl of Wessex in 1020. Godwin of Wessex, also known as Godwine Goodwin Godwyn or Goodwyn (c His earldom included Sussex. When he died in 1053, Godwin was succeeded as Earl of Wessex (including Sussex) by his son Harold, who had previously been Earl of East Anglia. Harold Godwinson, (c 1022 &ndash 14 October 1066 also known as Harold II, is widely regarded as the last Anglo-Saxon King of England before the
Links and references
- Based on a 1911 encyclopedia article.
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