The Kingdom of Mallorca was founded by James I of Aragon, also known as James The Conqueror. James I the Conqueror ( Catalan: Jaume el Conqueridor, Aragonese: Chaime lo Conqueridor, Spanish: Jaime el Conquistador After the death of his first-born son Alfonso, a will was written in 1262 which created the kingdom in order to cede it to his son James. This disposition was maintained during successive versions of his will such that when James I died in 1276, the Crown of Aragon passed to his eldest son Peter, known as Peter III of Aragon or Peter the Great. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. Peter the Great ( Catalan: Pere el Gran, Spanish: Pedro el Grande; 1239 &ndash 2 November 1285) was the King of Aragon The Kingdom of Mallorca passed to James, who reigned under the name of James II of Mallorca. James II (Jaume (died 1311 was King of Majorca and Lord of Montpellier from 1243 until his death The same testament also established that the king of Mallorca was a vassal to the king of Aragon.
The kingdom included the Balearic Islands: Mallorca, Minorca (which was still under the rule of Muslims until 1231, when its sovereignty was surrendered to James I), Ibiza and Formentera. The Balearic Islands ( Catalan and official Illes Balears; Spanish: Islas Baleares) are an Archipelago in the western Mediterranean Majorca ( Spanish and Mallorca is the largest island of Spain. Minorca ( Catalan and Spanish: Menorca; from Latin Balearis Minor, later Minorica "minor island" is one of the Ibiza (Eivissa is an island located in the Mediterranean Sea about 80 km off the coast of Spain Formentera is the smallest and southernmost Island of the Illes Pitiüses group (which includes Ibiza and Formentera and belongs to the Balearic Islands The king was also lord of the counties of Roussillon and Cerdanya and the territories James I kept in Occitània - the signory of Montpellier, the viscountcy of Carlat, in Auvernia, and the barony of Aumelas, contiguous to Montpellier. Roussillon ( French: Roussillon, ʀusiˈjɔ̃ Catalan: Rosselló, pronounced; Spanish: Rosellón, pronounced) is Cerdanya (Ceritania Cerdagne Cerdaña is a small region of the eastern Pyrenees divided between France and Spain and which is historically one of the Occitania ( Occitan: Occitània) refers to the lands where Occitan is the traditional language in use though more recently viewed as a minority language Montpellier ( Occitan Montpelhièr) is a City in the south of France. Carlat is a commune in the Cantal département in south-central France. Aumelas is a commune in the Hérault department in southern France.
Despite his lack of historic significance, the legacy of James I was significant. This legacy included the creation of a strategic Mediterranean enclave, including territories between two large kingdoms, the Capetians of France and the Crown of Aragon - which were in constant conflict, at the time. For a full history of the Capetian family see Capetian dynasty. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Conscious of the fragility of the Kingdom of Mallorca, James I undertook the conquest of Cerdanya to unify the new kingdom. He also entered into negotiations to arrange the marriage of his son James to Beatrice of Saboya, daughter to Count Amadeus of Saboya. For the two French départements of the region of Savoy see Savoie and Haute-Savoie Savoy ( French Neither plan was successful.
On the death of James I, the new king of Mallorca, James II, decided not to pay tribute to Peter III. Preoccupied with diverse problems within the realm, it was not until 1279 when the Mallorcan monarch reconciled to have his states recognized as subordinate to the king of Aragon. As a consequence the Kingdom of Mallorca could not hold court, and the king of Mallorca was forced to go to Catalonia to present tribute to the king of Aragon. Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. By means of the Treaty of Perpinyà in 1279 an imbalance of power between the Kingdom of Aragon and the Kingdom of Mallorca was created. The Aragonian king maintained the political and economic control of Aragon over the Kingdom of Mallorca, reestablishing the unified jurisdiction of the Crown of Aragon which was broken by the will of James I. This treaty would condition relations between the Kingdom of Mallorca and the Crown of Aragon throughout the former's existence. The lack of courts later aggravated the destabilization of a kingdom already on the brink of fracture, which, besides this, lacked any common institution beyond the monarchy.
James III of Mallorca took the throne at the age of nine, necessitating a regency council to govern the realm during his childhood. James III (also Jaume or Jaime; 1315 &ndash 25 August 1349) called the Rash or the Unfortunate, son of Ferdinand The situation was difficult, since James II of Aragon didn't renounce his claim of reclamation of the Mallorcan throne. In 1325, the regency council secured the renunciation by the Aragonian king of any claim on the rights of succession of the Mallorcan throne after the repayment of a great debt incurred by Sancho I during an invasion by Sardinia. Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) While this act solved the problem of succession, it also plunged the kingdom into a serious financial crisis.
James was forced to develop policies similar to that of Aragon's. To that end, he was forced to participate in the war against Genoa (1329-1336), which resulted in the loss of various economic markets for the kingdom. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Again it was necessary to impose new taxes and fines on the Jewish community, though this was insufficient to resolve the financial crisis. The problems of the kingdom did not appear to have an end, since in 1341, Peter IV of Aragon closed relations with the Kingdom of Mallorca as a prelude to invasion. Peter IV (also known as Pedro or Pere 5 September 1319, Balaguer – 5 January 1387) called the Ceremonious ( el Ceremonioso In May 1343, Peter IV invaded the Balearic Islands, and followed that in 1344 with the invasions of the counties of Roussillon and Cerdanya. MAY ( also known as: Mei メイ 메이 is a Korean singer well known in South Korea for singing the song "Miracle" Roussillon ( French: Roussillon, ʀusiˈjɔ̃ Catalan: Rosselló, pronounced; Spanish: Rosellón, pronounced) is Cerdanya (Ceritania Cerdagne Cerdaña is a small region of the eastern Pyrenees divided between France and Spain and which is historically one of the James III was only able to keep his French possessions. After the sale of these possessions to the king of France in 1349, James III left for Mallorca. He was defeated and killed at the Battle of Llucmajor on 25 October 1349. The Battle of Llucmajor occurred in 1349 when Peter IV of Aragon 's forces defeated and killed his cousin James III of Majorca in the town of Llucmajor Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a With this, the Kingdom of Mallorca was definitively incorporated into the Crown of Aragon.
The extinction of the kingdom of Mallorca was inevitable in the international context of the age characterized by different conflicts: the Hundred Years War, between France and England, the war of the benimerines, which involved Castilla and the Crown of Aragon, and the attempts to make the Balearics a satellite state by the Genoese. The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In this context, it was not possible to remain neutral due to the lack of stability and strength. In the case of the kingdom of Majorca, which, to its great misfortune, had bonds of vassalage with the crowns of France (through Montpellier) and Aragon, it could not afford neutrality. In addition, increased taxes to fund the kingdom's economy during neutrality only managed to unsettle the people of the kingdom.
References
See also
External links
- (Spanish) Genealogía, Reyes y Reinos: Reino de Mallorca
- (Spanish) La Conquista de Mallorca en mapas y cuadros
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