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The Kingdom of Kent was a kingdom of Jutes in southeast England and was one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the so-called Anglo-Saxon heptarchy. Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Canterbury ( ˈkæntəbɹ̩i is a City in eastern Kent in the South East region of England. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or The Jutes, Iuti, or Iutae were a Germanic people who according to Bede were one of the three most powerful Germanic peoples of the time England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Heptarchy ( Greek: seven + realm) is a collective name applied to the Anglo-Saxon ancient kingdoms of south east and central
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Romano-British Ceint
The origins of Kent are obscure but the boundaries of the realm are likely to correspond to the ancient tribal lands of the Brythonic Cantiaci tribe or Ceint after which the kingdom is named. The Brythonic languages (or Brittonic languages or British languages) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family the other being The Cantiaci or Cantii were a Celtic or Belgic people living in Britain before the Roman conquest, and gave their name to a Civitas Caesar referred to Cingetorix, Carvilius, Taximagulus and Segovax as kings of the four regions of Cantiacia. See also Cingetorix, Cingetorix (Gaul Cingetorix ( Celtic, "marching king" or "king of warriors" was one of the four kings Carvilius was one of the four kings of Kent during Caesar's second expedition to Britain in 54 BC, alongside Cingetorix, Segovax and Taximagulus was one of the four kings of Kent during Caesar's second expedition to Britain in 54 BC, alongside Cingetorix, Carvilius Segovax (possibly from Celtic sego "victory" was one of the four kings of Kent during Caesar's second expedition to Britain in 54 BC Later kings are known from their coins, including Dubnovellaunus, Vosenos, Eppillus, and Amminus. Dubnovellaunus or Dumnovellaunus was the name of at least one and possibly several kings of south-eastern Britain in the late 1st century BC /early Vodenos or Vosenios was a king of the Cantiaci of south-eastern Britain, and is known only from coin legends Eppillus ( Celtic: "little horse" was the name of a Roman client king of the Atrebates tribe of the British Iron Age. Adminius, Amminius or Amminus was a son of Cunobelinus, ruler of the Catuvellauni, a tribe of Iron Age Britain.
The Kentish coastline was known as the Saxon Shore and was guarded by a series of very effective fortresses. The Saxon Shore ( Latin: litus Saxonicum) was a military command of the late Roman Empire, consisting of a series of fortifications on both sides of the After the evacuation of the last Roman legions from Britain a number of Jutish ships made landfall on the shores of Britain. The British ruling council was offering them payment in return for federati service defending the realm in the north from the incursions of Picts and Scots. The Picts were a Confederation of tribes in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from Roman times until the 10th century The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. According to legend they were promised provisions and offered the island of Ynys Ruym - now known as Thanet - in perpetuity to use as a base for their operations. History See also Isle of Thanet The Isle of Thanet is the major part of the Thanet District It is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles that their leader, Hengist, advised;
- Take my advice and you will never fear conquest from any man or any people, for my people are strong. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of Annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. I will invite my son and his cousin to fight against the Irish [the Scoti], for they are fine warriors.
Apparently the Jutes assaulted the enemy and brought much needed relief to the beleaguered Romano-British communities of the north. Jute is a long soft shiny Vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse strong threads It is further said that the British king Vortigern married Rowena, the daughter of Hengist with the Cantiaci civitas (Kent) as the bride-gift. Vortigern (ˈvɔrtɨɡɝːn also spelled Vortiger and Vortigen and in Welsh Gwrtheyrn was a 5th century warlord in Britain, a leading ruler among Rowena was the daughter of the Anglo-Saxon leader Hengest and a wife of the Briton High King Vortigern, according to British legend
Gwrangon was king of Ceint in the time of Vortigern according to Nennius. Vortigern (ˈvɔrtɨɡɝːn also spelled Vortiger and Vortigen and in Welsh Gwrtheyrn was a 5th century warlord in Britain, a leading ruler among Nennius, or Nemnivus, is either of two shadowy personages traditionally associated with the history of Wales. The word 'king' may be misleading and it is more likely that the 'province' of the Cantiaci was ruled jointly by a civil governor (Gwrangon?) and a military governor, according to classic Roman institutions and that Hengest became the new military governor.
The establishment of barbarian bases inland rendered the extensive coastal forts of the Saxon Shore almost useless as the 6th Century British monk Gildas Sapiens laments;
- They sealed its [Britain's] doom by inviting in among them (like wolves in to the sheep fold), the fierce and impious Saxons [sic] a race hurtful both to God and men, to repel the invasions of the northern nations. Saint Gildas (c 494 or 516 – c 570 was one of the best-documented figures of the Christian church in the British Isles during the sixth century Nothing was ever so pernicious to our country, nothing was ever so unlucky. What palpable darkness must have enveloped their minds-darkened desperate and cruel! Those very people whom, when absent, they dreaded more than death itself, were invited to reside, as one may say, under the selfsame roof.
The Jutes began making ever increasing demands for provisions from their hosts who became increasingly divided and fractious. Each time the Britons threatened to withhold the supplies the Jutes threatened to break the alliance and ravage the country. Vortimer - Vortigern's own son - assembled an army and attacked the Jutes. Possibly a purely legendary character Vortimer was a 5th century Brythonic prince and war-leader Vortimer died at the Battle of Aylesthrep alongside the Jutish co-ruler of Kent - Horsa. Horsa, according to tradition was a fifth century warrior and brother of Hengest who took part in the invasion and conquest of Britain from its native The next year the Jutes were attacked again at the Battle of Creganford.
Reputedly, a banquet took place ostensibly to seal a peace treaty between the Britons and their Germanic foes which may have involved the cession of modern-day Essex. As told, the story claims that the "Saxons"—which probably includes Angles and Jutes—arrived at the banquet armed, surprising the British, who were slaughtered. This event was dubbed the Night of the Long Knives by Geoffrey of Monmouth and is the original event to bear that name. The Night of the Long Knives is the name Geoffrey of Monmouth gave to the (possibly Apocryphal) treacherous killing of native British chieftains by Geoffrey of Monmouth ( Gruffudd ap Arthur or Sieffre o Fynwy) (c The only escapees from this slaughter were said to be Vortigern himself, and Saint Abban the Hermit. Abban the Hermit is a Roman Catholic Saint, once revered in Abingdon in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) though little is known about The historical existence of this event or persons involved in it is conjectural as textual evidence is weak and begins in the 7th century.
The British government under Vortigern unravelled and civil war was spreading across the country. Vortigern (ˈvɔrtɨɡɝːn also spelled Vortiger and Vortigen and in Welsh Gwrtheyrn was a 5th century warlord in Britain, a leading ruler among Further actions took place at the Battle of Wippedsfleot but Kent was never recovered. The pacified territory of Ceint was from now on known as Cantware and its kings traced their lineage from Hengist.
Jutish Cantware
The first securely datable event in the kingdom is the arrival of Augustine with 40 monks in 597. Augustine of Canterbury OSB (born c first third of the 6th century - died 26 May 604 was a Benedictine Monk who became the first Archbishop Events By Topic Education The King's School is founded in Canterbury. Because Kent was the first kingdom in England to be established by the Germanic invaders it was able to become relatively powerful in the early Anglo-Saxon period. The History of Anglo-Saxon England covers the history of Early medieval England from the end of Roman Britain and the establishment of Anglo-Saxon
Kent seems to have had its greatest power under Æthelbert at the beginning of the 7th century: Æthelbert was recognized as Bretwalda until his death in 616, and was the first Anglo-Saxon king to accept Christianity, as well as the first to introduce a written code of laws in 616. Æthelberht (also Æthelbert, Aethelberht, Aethelbert, or Ethelbert) (c The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Bretwalda, also Brytenwalda, Bretenanwealda, is an Anglo-Saxon term the first record of which comes from the late ninth century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Events By Place Europe Eadbald succeeds Ethelbert as king of Kent. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings After his reign, however, the power of Kent began to decline: by the middle of the century, it seems to have been dominated by more powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
In 686, Kent was conquered by Caedwalla of Wessex; within a year, Caedwalla's brother Mul was killed in a Kentish revolt, and Caedwalla returned to devastate the kingdom again. Events By Place Europe The Kingdom of Kent is attacked and conquered by West Saxons under Caedwalla. Cædwalla (c 659 &ndash 20 April 689 was the King of Wessex from about 685 until 688 when he abdicated Mul (died 687 may have briefly ruled as king of Kent following its conquest by his brother Caedwalla of Wessex, in 686 After this, Kent fell into a state of disorder. The Mercians backed a client king named Oswine, but he seems to have reigned for only about two years, after which Wihtred became king. Mercia (ˈmɝsiə was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. Client state is one of several terms used to describe the subordination of one state to a more powerful state in international affairs Oswine, King of Kent jointly with Swæfberht and Swæfheard. Oswine is known from three charters one is dated July 689 and apparently witnessed by Swæfberht Wihtred (c 670 &ndash 23 April 725 was king of Kent from about 690 or 691 until his death Wihtred did a great deal to restore the kingdom after the devastation and tumult of the preceding years, and in 694 he made peace with the West Saxons by paying compensation for the killing of Mul. Events By Place Europe November 9 — Hispano-Visigothic king Egica accuses the Jews of aiding the Muslims West Saxon redirects here For other meanings of Wessex or West Saxon see Wessex (disambiguation.
The history of Kent following the death of Wihtred in 725 is one of fragmentation and increasing obscurity. Events By Place Europe Bede publishes On the reckoning of time ( De temporum ratione) calculating dates For the 40 years that followed, two or even three kings typically ruled simultaneously. It may have been this sort of division that made Kent the first target of the rising power of Offa of Mercia: in 764, he gained supremacy over Kent and began to rule it through client kings. Offa was the King of Mercia from 757 until his death in July 796 Events By Place Asia Empress Shōtoku succeeds Emperor Junnin on the throne of Japan. Client state is one of several terms used to describe the subordination of one state to a more powerful state in international affairs By the early 770s, it appears Offa was attempting to rule Kent directly, and a rebellion followed. Events and Trends The famous King Khalif Abbasid Al Mansoor (712-775 founded Baghdad, which is situated on the banks of the Tigris and made it a center of learning A battle was fought at Otford in 776, and although the outcome was not recorded, the circumstances of the years that followed suggest that the rebels of Kent prevailed: Egbert II and later Ealhmund seem to have ruled independently of Offa for nearly a decade thereafter. Otford is a village and Civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent. Events April 14 - Charlemagne spends Easter in Treviso after putting down a revolt by Friuli and Spoleto removing Hrodgaud the Duke of Friuli from Ecgberht II was King of Kent jointly with Heaberht. Ecgberht II is known from his coins and charters ranging from 765 to 779, two of which were witnessed or Ealhmund, was King of Kent in 784 The only contemporary evidence of him is an abstract of a charter dated in that year in which Ealhmund granted land to the Abbot This did not last, however, as Offa firmly re-established his authority over Kent in 785. Events By Place Europe Widukind and many other Saxons are baptized
From 785 until 796, Kent was ruled directly by Mercia. Events By Place Europe Widukind and many other Saxons are baptized Events By Place Europe December - Coenwulf becomes king of Mercia. In the latter year, however, Offa died, and in this moment of Mercian weakness a Kentish rebellion under Eadbert Praen temporarily succeeded. Eadberht III Præn was the King of Kent from 796 to 798 His brief reign was the result of a rebellion against the Hegemony of Mercia, and it Offa's eventual successor, Coenwulf, reconquered Kent in 798, however, and installed his brother Cuthred as king. Events By Place Europe Coenwulf of Mercia invades Kent, deposes and imprisons King Eadbert Praen, and makes his own Cuðred was a King of Kent (798 - 807 After the revolt of Kent under Eadberht III Præn was defeated in 798 by Cœnwulf, he established After Cuthred's death in 807, Coenwulf ruled Kent directly. This article is about the year For the car see Peugeot 807. For the Vacuum tube, see 6L6. Mercian authority was replaced by that of Wessex in 825, following the latter's victory at the Battle of Ellandun, and the Mercian client king Baldred was expelled. West Saxon redirects here For other meanings of Wessex or West Saxon see Wessex (disambiguation. Events By Place Europe Egbert of Wessex defeats Beornwulf of Mercia at Ellandun. Ellandun was the site of the Battle of Ellandun between Egbert of Wessex and Beornwulf of Mercia in 825. Client state is one of several terms used to describe the subordination of one state to a more powerful state in international affairs Baldred was the king of the Kentishmen, until 825 when he was expelled by Æthelwulf, son of Ecgberht of Wessex according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
In 892, when all southern England was united under Alfred the Great, Kent was on the brink of disaster. Events By Place Europe Poppo of Thuringia, count of the march in Thuringia, is deposed by the German Carolingian king Alfred the Great (also Ælfred from the Old English Ælfrēd ˈælfreːd (c A hundred years earlier pagan Vikings had begun their raids on these shores—they first attacked Lindisfarne on the coast of Northumbria killing the monks and devastating the Abbey. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Lindisfarne () (variant spelling Lindesfarne is a Tidal island off the north-east coast of England. They then made successive raids further south until in the year 878 the formidable Alfred defeated them, later drawing up a treaty allowing them to settle in East Anglia and the North East. Events By Place Europe May 21 — After a siege of eight months Syracuse is captured by the Muslims of Sicily. East Anglia is often used as a shorthand for the Kingdom of the East Angles. However, countrymen from their Danish homeland were still on the move and by the late 880s Haesten, a highly experienced warrior-leader, had mustered huge forces in northern France having besieged Paris and taken Brittany. The term Dane may refer to People with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity whether living in Denmark, emigrants or the descendants of emigrants Hastein (also recorded as Haesten, Hæsten, Hæstenn or Hæsting and alias Alsting) was a notable Viking chieftain of the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into
Up to 350 Viking ships sailed from Boulogne to the south coast of Kent in 892. Boulogne-sur-Mer ( Bonen in Dutch is a City in Northern France. Events By Place Europe Poppo of Thuringia, count of the march in Thuringia, is deposed by the German Carolingian king A massive army of between five and ten thousand men with their women, children and horses came up the now long-lost Limen estuary (the east-west route of the Royal Military Canal in reclaimed Romney Marsh) and attacked a Saxon fort near lonely St Rumwold's church, Bonnington, killing all inside. In Physiology, Psychology, or Psychophysics, a limen or a liminal point is a Threshold of a physiological or psychological response The Royal Military Canal is a canal running for 28 miles between Seabrook near Folkestone and Cliff End near Hastings, following the old cliff line bordering The Romney Marsh is a sparsely-populated Wetland area in the counties of Kent and East Sussex in the south-east of England. See also Bonnington (disambiguation Bonnington is a small Village and Civil parish on the Northern edge of the They then moved on and over the next year built their own giant fortress at Appledore. See Appledore for other places with the same name Appledore is a Village and Civil parish in the Ashford District On hearing of this, resident Danes in East Anglia and elsewhere broke their promises to Alfred and rose up to join in. At first they made lightning raids out of Appledore (one razing a large settlement, Seleberhtes Cert, to the ground - now present day Great Chart near Ashford) later the whole army moved further inland and engaged in numerous battles with the English, but after four years they gave up. Great Chart is a village in Civil parish of Great Chart with Singleton in the Ashford District of Kent, England. The town of Ashford lies on the River Great Stour, M20 motorway, South Eastern Main Line and High Speed 1 railways in the borough of Ashford Some retreated to East Anglia and others went back to northern France. There they were the forebears of the Normans who returned in triumph less than two centuries later. The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France.
Most of lands of the kingdom are within the bounds of the traditional County of Kent. A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format
References
Wade-Evans, A. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of Annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. W. 1938. Nennius’s History of the Britions.
- K. P. Witney, The Kingdom of Kent (1982)
- D. P. Kirby, The Earliest English Kings (London: Unwin Hyman, 1991), chap. 2
See also
This is a list of the Kings of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Kent. arms-kentjpg|thumb|right|100px|Arms of Kent County Council]]The White horse of Kent, or the White Horse Rampant, is a symbol of Kent, a county in South EastDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic