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Map of United Monarchy period (10th century B.C.E)
Map of United Monarchy period (10th century B. C. E)

  Part of a series of articles on
Jews and Judaism
         

Who is a Jew? · Etymology · Culture

Judaism · Core principles
God · Tanakh (Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim) · Mitzvot (613) · Talmud · Halakha · Holidays · Prayer · Tzedakah · Ethics · Kabbalah · Customs · Midrash

Jewish ethnic diversity
Ashkenazi · Sephardi · Mizrahi

Population (historical) · By country
Israel · USA · Russia/USSR · Iraq · Spain · Portugal · Poland · Germany · Bosnia · Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Venezuela)  · France · England · Canada · Australia · Hungary · India · Turkey · Greece · Africa · Iran · China
Republic of Macedonia · Romania
Lists of Jews · Crypto-Judaism

Jewish denominations · Rabbis
Orthodox · Conservative · Reform · Reconstructionist · Liberal · Karaite · Humanistic · Renewal  · Alternative

Jewish languages
Hebrew · Yiddish · Judeo-Persian · Ladino · Judeo-Aramaic · Judeo-Arabic

History · Timeline · Leaders
Ancient · Temple · Babylonian exile · Jerusalem (in Judaism · Timeline) · Hasmoneans · Sanhedrin · Schisms · Pharisees · Jewish-Roman wars · Relationship with Christianity; with Islam · Diaspora · Middle Ages · Sabbateans · Hasidism · Haskalah · Emancipation · Holocaust · Aliyah · Israel (History) · Arab conflict · Land of Israel · Baal teshuva

Persecution · Antisemitism
History of antisemitism ·

Political movements · Zionism
Labor Zionism · Revisionist Zionism · Religious Zionism · General Zionism · The Bund · World Agudath Israel · Jewish feminism · Israeli politics
v • d • e
"Commonwealth of Israel" redirects here. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut " Who is a Jew? " (Mihu Yehudi? ?מיהו יהודי is a basic question about Jewish identity. This article focuses on the Etymology of the word Jew. Biblical and Middle Eastern origins The Jews in their land The Jewish ethnonym in Secular Jewish culture embraces several related phenomena above all it is the Culture of secular communities of Jewish people but it can also include Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Although Jews and religious leaders share a core of monotheistic principles Judaism has no formal statement of principles of faith such as a Creed or Catechism In Judaism, the name of God is more than a distinguishing title See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to Nevi'im (נְבִיאִים "Prophets" is the second of the three major sections in the Hebrew Bible, the Tanakh, between the Ketuvim (כְּתוּבִים "writings" is the third and final section of the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible) after Torah and Nevi'im This article is about commandments in Judaism For the Jewish rite of passage see Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah Mitzvah ( Hebrew: מצוה See also Mitzvah See also Biblical law in Christianity The 613 Mitzvot ("commandments" (also " 613 Mitzvos The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law For the Gregorian dates of Jewish Holidays see Jewish holidays 2000-2050. Jewish services ( Hebrew: תפלה, tefillah; plural תפלות, tefillos or tefillot; Yinglish: davening Tzedakah ( צדקה) is a Hebrew word commonly translated as charity, though it is based on a root meaning Justice Jewish ethics stands at the intersection of Judaism and the Western philosophical tradition of Ethics. Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. Minhag ( Hebrew: מנהג "custom" pl minhagim) is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism. Midrash ( Hebrew: מדרש plural midrashim, lit "to repeat" is a Hebrew term referring to the not exact but comparative ( homiletic See also Judaism by country Jewish ethnic divisions refers to a number of distinct communities within the world's ethnically Jewish population Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Mizrahi Jews or Mizrahim, ( also referred to as Edot HaMizrach (Communities of the East are Jews descended Jewish population refers to the number of Jews in the world Precise figures are difficult to calculate because the definition of " Who is a Jew " remains a Jewish population centers have shifted tremendously over time due to the constant streams of Jewish refugees created by expulsions persecution and officially sanctioned killing This article deals with the practice of Judaism and the living arrangement of Jewish people in the listed countries The History of the Jews in the Land of Israel begins with the ancient Israelites (also known as Hebrews) who settled in the Land of Israel. The history of the Jews in the United States has been influenced by waves of immigration primarily from Europe inspired by the social and economic opportunities of the United Iraqi Jews are Jews born in Iraq or of Iraqi heritage The history of the Jews in Iraq is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity c Spanish Jews once constituted one of the largest and most prosperous Jewish communities under Muslim and Christian rule in Spain, before they The history of the Jews in Portugal is directly related to Sephardi history a Jewish ethnic division that represents communities who have originated The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a Millennium. Jews have lived in Germany, or " Ashkenaz " at least since the early 4th century, through both periods of tolerance and spasms of The Jewish community of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a rich and varied history surviving World War II and the Yugoslav Wars, after having The history of the Jews in the Americas dates back to Christopher Columbus and his first cross- Atlantic voyage on August 3, 1492 The history of the Jews of Argentina harks back to the days of the Spanish Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition when Jews fleeing persecution settled in what A Brazilian Jew ( Portuguese: Judeu Brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full partial or predominantly Jew ancestry or a Jew-born person residing in Brazil Jewish immigration to Latin America began with seven sailors arriving in Christopher Columbus 's crew Jewish Cubans, Cuban Jews, or Cubans of Jewish heritage, have lived on the island of Cuba for centuries Jews have been present in El Salvador since the early 19th Century. Jews have lived in Mexico since the times of the Inquisition. Jewish Nicaraguans or Nicaraguan Jews (Judío Nicaragüense are Nicaraguans of Jewish Ancestry who were born in or have immigrated to Nicaragua The History of the Jews in Venezuela dates to the middle of the 17th century when records suggest that groups of Marranos (Spanish and Portuguese descendants of baptized The Jewish community in France presently numbers around 600000 according to the World Jewish Congress and 500000 according to the Appel Unifié Juif de France and is The first written records of Jewish settlement in England date from the time of the Norman Conquest, mentioning Jews who arrived with William the Conqueror Canada has the world's fourth-largest Jewish population According to the Canada 2001 Census, there are an estimated 351000 Jews currently living in Canada The history of the Jews in Australia began with the transportation of a number of Jewish Convicts aboard the First Fleet in 1788 when History of the Jews in Hungary concerns the Jews of Hungary and of Hungarian origins Indian Jews are a religious minority of India. Judaism was one of the first non- Dharmic religions to arrive in India in recorded history Jews {ref|name|§}} have lived in the geographic area of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) for more than 2400 years There have been organized Jewish communities in Greece for more than two thousand years Since Biblical times the Jewish people have had close ties with Africa beginning with Abraham 's sojourns in Egypt, and later the Israelite captivity under The beginnings of Jewish history in Iran date back to late biblical times Jews and Judaism in China' have had a long history Jewish settlers are documented in China as early as the 7th or 8th century CE, but may The history of Jews in the territory of the present-day Republic of Macedonia began in Roman times when Jews first arrived in the region in the The history of Jews in Romania concerns the Jews of Romania and of Romanian origins from their first mention on what is nowadays Romanian territory By type List of Jewish historians List of Jewish scientists and philosophers List of Jewish nobility Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith people who practice crypto-Judaism are referred to as "crypto-Jews" Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized Conservative Judaism (also known as Masorti Judaism in Israel and Europe) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently subjected to vandalism and the insertion of personal opinions Reconstructionist Judaism is a modern American-based Jewish movement based on the ideas of the late Mordecai Kaplan (1881 – 1983 Karaite Judaism or Karaism (ˈkærəˌaɪt ˈkærəˌɪzəm) is a Jewish movement NOTE The word sect should not be used without defining it first and Humanistic Judaism is a movement within Judaism that emphasizes Jewish culture and history—rather than belief in God—as the sources of Jewish identity Jewish Renewal is a recent movement in Judaism which endeavors to reinvigorate modern Judaism with mystical, Hasidic, Musical and Alternative Judaism or Agnostic Judaism refers to a variety of groups whose members while identifying as Jews in some fashion nevertheless do not practice Rabbinical The Jewish languages are a set of Languages that developed in various Jewish communities around the world more notably in Europe, West Asia, and Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Judæo-Persian dialects are a subgroup of Persian dialects spoken by the Jews of Iran Judæo-Aramaic is a collective term used to describe several Hebrew -influenced Aramaic and Neo-Aramaic Languages History The Judæo-Arabic languages are a collection of Arabic dialects spoken by Jews living or formerly living in the Arab world; the term also refers to Jewish history is the History of the Jewish people, faith, and culture. This is a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. Jewish leadership has evolved over time Since the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE there has been no single body that has a leadership The history of Ancient Israel and Judah is known to us from classical sources including Judaism 's Tanakh or Hebrew Bible (known Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name The Babylonian captivity, Babylonian exile, is the name typically given to the deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the See also Religious significance of Jerusalem Since the 10th century BCE Jerusalem in Judaism has been the holiest city, focus and spiritual centre of This is a partial timeline of major events in the History of Jerusalem:; 1800 BCE: The Jebusites build the wall Jebus ( Jerusalem The Hasmoneans (/hæzməˡniən/ חשמונאים Hashmonaiym, Audio were the ruling dynasty of the Hasmonean Kingdom ( 140 &ndash 37 BCE The Sanhedrin (סנהדרין συνέδριον ''synedrion'', "sitting together" hence " assembly " or "council" was an assembly Schisms among the Jews are cultural as well as religious They have happened as a product of historical accident geography and Theology. The word Pharisees ( lat. pharisæ|us, - i) comes from the Hebrew פרושים perushim from פרוש parush, meaning "separated" This article discusses the traditional views of the two religions and may not be applicable all adherents of each The historical interaction of Judaism and Islam started in the 7th century CE with the origin and spread of Islam in the Arabian peninsula. The Jewish diaspora ( Hebrew: Tefutzah, "scattered" or Galut גלות "exile" Yiddish: tfutses) the presence The History of Jews in the Middle Ages (approximately 500 CE to 1750 CE can be divided into two categories Also not to be confused with Subbotniks or Sabbatarians. Note Most Sabbateans during and after Sabbatai Zevi were Jews Hasidic Judaism (also Chasidic, etc from the Hebrew: he '''''חסידות''''', Chassidus, meaning "piety" from the Hebrew Haskalah ( Hebrew: השכלה "enlightenment" "education" from sekhel " Intellect " "mind") the Jewish Enlightenment Jewish question Jewish emancipation was the abolition of discriminatory laws as applied especially to Jews in Europe in the nineteenth century the recognition of Jews The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Aliyah ( refers to Jewish Immigration to the Land of Israel (and since its establishment in 1948 the State of Israel) For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The State of Israel (מדינת ישראל Medinat Yisrael) was established in 1948 after nearly two thousand For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is Note This article is about the movement See Orthodox outreach, Reform outreach, and Conservative outreach for more information about the rabbis See also Antisemitism, History of antisemitism, New antisemitism The persecution of Jews has occurred many times in Jewish history. Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility The history of antisemitism, hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group goes back many centuries Jewish political movements refer to the organized efforts of Jews to build their own political parties or otherwise represent their interest in politics outside of History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the Labor Zionism ( Labour Zionism, ציונות סוציאליסטית tsionut sotsialistit) can be described as the major stream of the Left wing of the Revisionist Zionism is a nationalist faction within the Zionist movement Religious Zionism, or the Religious Zionist Movement (a branch of which is also called Mizrachi) is an ideology that combines Zionism and religious The General Zionists (ציונים כלליים Tzionim Klalim) were centrists within the Zionist movement and a political party in Israel World Agudath Israel (The World Jewish Union usually known as the Aguda, was established in the early twentieth century as the political arm of Ashkenazi Torah Judaism Jewish feminism is a movement that seeks to improve the religious legal and social status of women within Judaism and to open up new opportunities for religious experience Politics of Israel takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Israel is For the religious movement by that name, see The Twelve Tribes. The Twelve Tribes is a confederation of self-governing religious communities founded by Elbert Eugene Spriggs (now known as Yoneq that sprung out of the Jesus Movement

The Kingdom of Israel (Hebrew: ממלכת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard Mamlechet Yisraʼel Tiberian Malḵûṯ Yiśrāʼēl) (KJV Israel in Samaria[1]) is one of the successor states to the older United Monarchy (also often called the 'Kingdom of Israel'). Tiberian Hebrew is an extinct (yet very well documented Oral tradition of pronunciation for ancient Hebrew, especially the Hebrew of the Tanakh, that was The United Monarchy ( United Kingdom of Israel and Judah) refers to a period in the traditional account of the History of ancient Israel and Judah lasting It existed from roughly 930s BC until about 720s BC. Events and trends 935 BC — Death of Zhou gong wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile This article follows its history until its destruction by the Assyrian Empire, and considers the fate of its population and territory following its destruction. Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture Capital cities (in order): Shechem, Tirza, and Shomron (Samaria). Shechem ( Sichem, Shkhem or Shachmu, Hebrew: שְׁכֶם‎ / שְׁכָם, Standard Samaria, or the Shomron ( שֹׁמְרוֹן, Standard Šoməron Tiberian Šōmərôn

Historians often refer to ancient Israel as the Northern Kingdom to differentiate it from the Southern Kingdom of Judah. Judea is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel. The Hebrew Scriptures sometimes referred to the separate kingdom idiomatically as the "House of Joseph"[2] in order to distinguish it principally from the "House of Judah". The term Hebrew Bible is a generic reference to those books of the Bible originally written in Biblical Hebrew (and the related Biblical Aramaic [3]

Contents

History

Origins of the United Monarchy

Main article: History of Ancient Israel and Judah

The United Monarchy was formed out of the territories of the twelve Hebrew tribes living in the area in and around modern Israel and Palestinian Territories. The history of Ancient Israel and Judah is known to us from classical sources including Judaism 's Tanakh or Hebrew Bible (known For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Name There are differences of opinion as to what the Palestinian territories should be called

United Monarchy

Main article: United Monarchy

The Kingdom of Israel was one of two successor states to the older Kingdom of Israel, which existed from around 1050 BCE to 930 BCE. The United Monarchy ( United Kingdom of Israel and Judah) refers to a period in the traditional account of the History of ancient Israel and Judah lasting Events and trends 935 BC — Death of Zhou gong wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. The other successor state bore the name Kingdom of Judah which existed from 931 BCE to 586 BCE. Judea is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel. Both Eusebius and Josephus place the division in 997 BC and lunar dates of Venus can be mistaken as 64 years later. (Crossing of sun over Mars as Tamuz would be 10 July 997 BCE. ) However, a few biblical minimalists question whether the United Monarchy actually existed, citing a lack of supporting evidence for much of what is written in the Bible. The Copenhagen School of Biblical Studies also known as The Minimalist School is a school of biblical Exegesis, developing out of Higher Criticism They claim that events described in the Bible as having taken place in the 10th century BCE actually took place a century later.

Divided Monarchy

Kingdom of Israel

Soon after the death of King Solomon, the prophecy of Ahijah (1Kings 11:31-35) was fulfilled with the division of the kingdom. King Solomon ( Ge'ez: ስለሞን Arabic: ar سليمان, Sulayman, all from the Triliteral root S-L-M, "peace" Prophecy, generally describes the disclosing of Information that is not known to the Prophet by any ordinary means Ahijah ( is a name of several Biblical individuals Ahijah the Shilonite, the Biblical prophet who divided the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah Rehoboam, the son and successor of Solomon, was scarcely seated on his throne when the old jealousies between Judah and the other tribes broke out anew, and Jeroboam was sent for from Egypt by the malcontents. Rehoboam ( Hebrew:רחבעם Rehav'am was a king of the ancient Kingdom of Judah, succeeding his father Solomon. Jeroboam (yarobh`am Hieroboam in the Septuagint; commonly held to have been derived from riyb and `am and signifying "the people contend" or "he pleads the The History of Ancient Egypt spans the period from the early predynastic settlements of the northern Nile Valley to the Roman conquest in 30 (1Kings 12:2-3)

Rehoboam insolently refused to lighten the burdensome taxation and services that his father had imposed on his subjects,(1Kings 12:4) and the rebellion became complete. Rebellion is a refusal of obedienceIt may therefore be seen as encompassing a range of Behaviours from Civil disobedience and mass Nonviolent resistance The Tribe of Ephraim and all Israel raised the old cry, "Every man to his tents, O Israel". The Tribe of Ephraim (} was one of the Tribes of Israel; together with the Tribe of Manasseh, Ephraim also formed the House of Joseph (2Samuel 20:1) Rehoboam fled to Jerusalem (1 Kings 12:1-18; 2 Chronicles 10), and in 930 BCE to 920 BCE, Jeroboam was proclaimed king over all Israel at Shechem, with the Tribe of Judah and the Tribe of Benjamin remaining faithful to Rehoboam. The Books of Chronicles ( Hebrew Divrei Hayyamim, דברי הימים Greek Paraleipomêna) are part of the Hebrew Bible (Jewish Events and trends 935 BC — Death of Zhou gong wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 928 BC — On the death of King Solomon, his son Rehoboam is unable to hold the tribes of Israel together and Jeroboam (yarobh`am Hieroboam in the Septuagint; commonly held to have been derived from riyb and `am and signifying "the people contend" or "he pleads the Shechem ( Sichem, Shkhem or Shachmu, Hebrew: שְׁכֶם‎ / שְׁכָם, Standard The Tribe of Judah ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. At its height it was the leading tribe of the Kingdom of Judah, and occupied most of the territory of the kingdom The Tribe of Benjamin ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. At its height the territory it occupied was sandwiched between that of Ephraim to the north and Judah War continued, with varying success, between the two kingdoms for about sixty years.

At around 850 BCE the Mesha Stele, written in Old Hebrew alphabet, records a victory of King Mesha of Moab against king Omri of Israel and his son Ahab ( cf. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. The Mesha Stele (popularized in the 19th century as the "Moabite Stone") is a black Basalt stone bearing an inscription by the 9th century BC The Phoenician alphabet is a continuation of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention taken to originate around 1050 BC Mesha was a 9th Century BCE King of Moab, a strip of hilly land in present-day Jordan, which lay north of Edom, across the Dead Sea from Omri ( short for) was king of Israel and father of Ahab. William F Ahab (or Ach'av or) was king of Israel and the son and successor of Omri ( 1 Kings 1629-34 2 Kings 3),

An artist's depiction of a royal palace in the Kingdom of Israel.
An artist's depiction of a royal palace in the Kingdom of Israel.

King Omri of Israel founded the new capital of the Kingdom of Israel at Shomron (Samaria). Omri ( short for) was king of Israel and father of Ahab. William F Samaria, or the Shomron ( שֹׁמְרוֹן, Standard Šoməron Tiberian Šōmərôn Today, among archaeologists one of the most universally accepted archaeological sites from the biblical period[4]

The conflict between Israel and Judah was resolved when Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, allied himself with the house of Ahab through marriage. See Josaphat for other meanings of the name Jehoshaphat or Jehosaphat or Josaphat or Yehoshafat ( was the successor of Ahab (or Ach'av or) was king of Israel and the son and successor of Omri ( 1 Kings 1629-34 Later, Jehosophat's son and successor Jehoram of Judah married Ahab's daughter Athaliah, cementing the alliance. Jehoram of Judah (יהורם המלך was the king of the ancient Kingdom of Judah, and the son of Jehoshaphat ( 2 Kings 816 Athaliah or Athalie ( Hebrew: ʻĂṯalyâ (עֲתַלְיָה "God is exalted" was the queen of Judah during the reign of King However, the sons of Ahab were slaughtered by Jehu following his Coup d'état around 840 BCE. ' Yehu redirects here for the instrument see Yehu (instrument. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron.

Shechem was the first capital of the kingdom of Israel (1 Kings 12:25), afterwards Tirza (14:17). Shechem ( Sichem, Shkhem or Shachmu, Hebrew: שְׁכֶם‎ / שְׁכָם, Standard Samaria was chosen as the capital (16:24), and continued as such until the destruction of the kingdom by the Assyrians (2 Kings 17:5). Samaria, or the Shomron ( שֹׁמְרוֹן, Standard Šoməron Tiberian Šōmərôn Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture The Books of Kings ( Sefer Melachim, ספר מלכים are a part of Judaism 's Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible. During the siege of Samaria (lasting for three years) by the Assyrians, Shalmaneser V died and was succeeded by Sargon II of Assyria, who himself records the capture of that city thus: "Samaria I looked at, I captured; 27,280 men who dwelt in it I carried away" into Assyria. Shalmaneser V ( Akkadian: akk Šulmanu-ašarid) was King of Assyria from 727 to 722 BC Sargon II ( Akkadian Šarru-kinu "legitimate king" reigned 722 – 705 BC was an Assyrian king Thus, around 720 BCE after a duration of two centuries, the kingdom of the ten tribes came to an end. Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile


Kingdom of Judah

Main article: Kingdom of Judah

The Kingdom of Judah, or Southern Kingdom, existed as an independent state from about 930 BCE until 586 BCE when it was conquered by the Babylonian Empire. Judea is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel. Events and trends 935 BC — Death of Zhou gong wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 589 BC — Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt. Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) with Babylon as its capital

Post Conquest Developments

Lost Tribes of Israel

Main article: Lost Tribes of Israel

The inhabitants of the Kingdom of Israel were scattered throughout the East, and are popularly known as the Lost ten tribes of Israel. The phrase Ten Lost Tribes of Israel refers to the ancient Tribes of Israel that disappeared from the Biblical account after the Kingdom of Israel was destroyed The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The phrase Ten Lost Tribes of Israel refers to the ancient Tribes of Israel that disappeared from the Biblical account after the Kingdom of Israel was destroyed

"Judah held its ground against Assyria for yet one hundred and thirty-four years, and became the rallying-point of the dispersed of every tribe, and eventually gave its name to the whole race. Judea is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel. Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture Those of the people who in the last struggle escaped into the territories of Judah or other neighbouring countries naturally looked to Judah as the head and home of their race. And when Judah itself was carried off to Babylon, many of the exiled Israelites joined them from Assyria, and swelled that immense population which made Babylonia a second Judah". Babylon was a City-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) with Babylon as its capital

After the deportation of the ten tribes, the vacated land was colonized by various eastern tribes, especially Syrians, whom the king of Assyria sent there (Ezra 4:2, 10; 2 Kings 17:24-29). Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture The Book of Ezra is a book of the Bible in the Old Testament and Hebrew Tanakh.

In 537 BCE, the ruler of the Persian Empire, Cyrus the Great permitted exiled populations within the newly conquered Babylonian Empire to return to their native lands, marking the end of the so-called Babylonian Captivity. Events and trends 539 BC — Babylon is conquered by Cyrus, defeating Nabonidus; noted in such documents as that of Africanus The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) with Babylon as its capital The Babylonian captivity, Babylonian exile, is the name typically given to the deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Any Israelite exiles retaining their national identity or having joined with their fellow exiles from the Kingdom of Judah, and possessing the will to return to their old territories would have begun returning to the territories of the former Kingdom of Israel at this time.

Samaritans

Main article: Samaritans

The emergence of the Samaritan people as an ethnic group distinct from Jewish people, with a religion distinct from Judaism yet bearing much in common with it can be traced to the political changes in the area when it was occupied by the Assyrians. The removal of the old ruling structure of the Kingdom of Israel, together with the influx of a foreign population in an area already devastated by foreign conquest led to the emergence of a new identity distinct from that of the Kingdom of Judah to the south. This population has persisted as a separate ethnic entity through the restoration of an autonomous Jewish nation in the area by Cyrus the Great, and on into the present.

Culture

Religion in the Kingdom of Israel

The religious climate of the Kingdom of Israel appears to have been divided between two major trends. The first the cult of Yahweh detailed in the Hebrew Bible, and the second the cult of Baal as detailed in the so-called "Baal Cycle" discovered at Ugarit. For information about Yahweh see God in Abrahamic religions, which provides useful links The term Hebrew Bible is a generic reference to those books of the Bible originally written in Biblical Hebrew (and the related Biblical Aramaic Ba'al (pronounced; Hebrew בעל (ordinarily spelled Baal in English is a Northwest Semitic title and honorific meaning "master" or "lord" Ugarit ( Ugaritic: ʼugrt; Hebrew:; Arabic:) (modern Ras Shamra رأس شمرة ("top/head/cape of the wild Fennel

Notable Personalities

Prophets Active in the Kingdom of Israel

Extent of the Kingdom

The Kingdom of Israel was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, Dan, Manasseh, Ephraim, Reuben and Gad, and was named after Israel, son of Isaac. Elijah or Elias ( was a Prophet in Israel in the 9th century BC Elisha ( Greek el Ελισσαίος Elisaios) is a Biblical prophet For other uses see Amos; for the programming language see AMOS (programming language. Hosea ( Greek = Ōsēe) was the son of Beeri and a prophet in Israel in the 8th century BCE He is one of the Twelve Prophets According to the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh / Old Testament) and Qur'an, Jonah (; Arabic: يونس, Yunus or Nahum ( Hebrew: נַחוּם Naḥūm) was a Minor prophet whose prophecy is recorded in the Hebrew Bible. The Tribe of Zebulun ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. At its height the territory it occupied was at the southern end of The Galilee, with its eastern border being The Tribe of Issachar ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. At its height the territory it occupied was immediately north of (the western half of Manasseh, and south The Tribe of Asher ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. At its height Asher dwelled in western Galilee, a region with comparatively low temperature and much rainfall The Tribe of Naphtali ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. At its height Naphtali occupied the eastern side of The Galilee (on the immediate west of the Sea of Tribe of Dan was also a band from the mid 1990s The Tribe of Dan ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. The Tribe of Menasheh ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. Together with the Tribe of Ephraim, Menasheh also formed the House of Joseph. The Tribe of Ephraim (} was one of the Tribes of Israel; together with the Tribe of Manasseh, Ephraim also formed the House of Joseph The Tribe of Reuben ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. At its height the territory it occupied was on the immediate east of the Dead Sea, reaching from the The Tribe of Gad ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. At its height Gad occupied a region to the east of the River Jordan, though the exact location is ambiguous Jacob ( Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard   Yaʿaqov Tiberian   Yaʿăqōḇ; According to the Hebrew Bible, Isaac ( Hebrew: Yitzchak יִצְחָק, Standard Yiẓḥaq

Its capital was Samaria. Samaria, or the Shomron ( שֹׁמְרוֹן, Standard Šoməron Tiberian Šōmərôn [1] [2]

Royal Houses of Israel

The genealogy of the kings of Israel, along with the kings of Judah.
The genealogy of the kings of Israel, along with the kings of Judah.


For this period, most historians follow either of the older chronologies established by William F. Albright or Edwin R. Thiele, or the newer chronology of Gershon Galil, all of which are shown below. William Foxwell Albright ( May 24, 1891 – September 19 / September 20, 1971) was an American archaeologist, Edwin R Thiele (1895&ndash1986 was an American Missionary in China, an editor, archaeologist, writer and Old Testament professor Gershon Galil is the senior lecturer in Ancient Near Eastern history and chairman of the Department of Jewish History at the University of Haifa, Mount All dates are BCE

Albright dates[5] Thiele dates[5] Galil dates[5] Common/Biblical name Regnal Name and style Notes
The House of Saul
1011–1010 1050–1010 1050–1010 Saul 'שאול המלך or Sha'ul Reigned in Israel & Judah for 40 years: He killed himself during the war with the Philistines in Mount Gilboa. Saul (שאול המלך (or Sha'ul) ( Arabic: طالوت,Tālūt ( (reigned 1047 - 1007 BCE is identified in the Books of Samuel, 1 Chronicles
1010–1008 1000–998 1010–1008 Ish-bosheth (also called Eshba'al or Ashba'al or Ishbaal) Reigned in Israel for 2 years:
The House of David
1000–962   1010–970 David דוד בן-ישי מלך ישראל
David ben Yeshay, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel & Judah for 33 years in Jerusalem and 7 years in Hebron, 40 years in total. Events and trends 993 BC — Amenemope succeeds Psusennes I as king of Egypt. Ish-bosheth ( Standard: Ishbóshet Tiberian: ʼΚbṓšeṯ also called Eshbaal ( Standard Eshbáʻal Tiberian ʼEšbáʻal Ashbaal Events and trends 967 BC — Tiglath-Pileser II becomes King of Assyria. Events and trends 978 BC — Siamun succeeds Osorkon the Elder as king of Egypt. David, Arabic: داوود or داود dawud, "beloved" was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible David, Arabic: داوود or داود dawud, "beloved" was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible Death: Natural causes
962–922   970–931 Solomon שלמה בן-דוד מלך ישראל
Shelomoh ben David, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel & Judah in Jerusalem for 40 years. Events and trends 967 BC — Tiglath-Pileser II becomes King of Assyria. Events and trends 928 BC — On the death of King Solomon, his son Rehoboam is unable to hold the tribes of Israel together and Events and trends 978 BC — Siamun succeeds Osorkon the Elder as king of Egypt. Events and trends 935 BC — Death of Zhou gong wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. King Solomon ( Ge'ez: ስለሞን Arabic: ar سليمان, Sulayman, all from the Triliteral root S-L-M, "peace" King Solomon ( Ge'ez: ስለሞን Arabic: ar سليمان, Sulayman, all from the Triliteral root S-L-M, "peace" Death: Natural Causes
The House of Jeroboam
922–901 931–910 931–909 Jeroboam I ירבעם בן-נבט מלך ישראל
Yerav’am ben Nevat, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned in Israel for 22 years. Events and trends 928 BC — On the death of King Solomon, his son Rehoboam is unable to hold the tribes of Israel together and Events and trends 935 BC — Death of Zhou gong wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 915 BC (by William F Albright) — Death of Rehoboam, King of the ancient Kingdom of Judah. Events and trends 935 BC — Death of Zhou gong wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Jeroboam (yarobh`am Hieroboam in the Septuagint; commonly held to have been derived from riyb and `am and signifying "the people contend" or "he pleads the Jeroboam (yarobh`am Hieroboam in the Septuagint; commonly held to have been derived from riyb and `am and signifying "the people contend" or "he pleads the Death: Natural Causes
901–900 910–909 909–908 Nadab נדב בן-ירבעם מלך ישראל
Nadav ben Yerav’am, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned in Israel for 2 years. Events and trends 915 BC (by William F Albright) — Death of Rehoboam, King of the ancient Kingdom of Judah. Nadab was the son and successor of Jeroboam, the king of Israel ( 1 Kings 1420 Nadab in modern [[Hebrew] as Nadavנדב (meaning generousgiving] was the name of several individuals in the Old Testament of the Bible Nadab, the eldest of Aaron's Death: Killed by Bassha, son of Ahijah of the house of Issachar, along with his whole family.
The House of Baasha
900–877 909–886 908–885 Baasha בעשא בן-אחיה מלך ישראל
Ba’asha ben Achiyah, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Tizrah for 24 years. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. For the Ammonite king see Baasha ben Ruhubi. Baasha ( Hebrew Basha; " Baal hears" was For the Ammonite king see Baasha ben Ruhubi. Baasha ( Hebrew Basha; " Baal hears" was Death: Natural Causes
877–876 886–885 885–884 Elah אלה בן-בעשא מלך ישראל
’Elah ben Ba’asha, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Tizrah for 2 years. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Death: Zimri, one of his officials, got him drunk and killed him at his house in Azra.
The House of Zimri
876 885 884 Zimri זמרי מלך ישראל
Zimri, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Tizrah for 7 days. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Death: He set his palace on fire when Omri and all the Israelites with him withdrew from Gibbethon and laid siege to Tizrah.
The House of Omri
876–869 885–874 884–873 Omri עמרי מלך ישראל
’Omri, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 12 years. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 865 BC — Kar Kalmaneser was conquered by the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Omri ( short for) was king of Israel and father of Ahab. William F Omri ( short for) was king of Israel and father of Ahab. William F Death: Natural Causes
869–850 874–853 873–852 Ahab אחאב בן-עמרי מלך ישראל
Ah’av ben ’Omri, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 22 years. Events and trends 865 BC — Kar Kalmaneser was conquered by the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Ahab (or Ach'av or) was king of Israel and the son and successor of Omri ( 1 Kings 1629-34 Ahab (or Ach'av or) was king of Israel and the son and successor of Omri ( 1 Kings 1629-34 Death: Shot by an archer during the battle at Ramoth Gilead. He died upon his arrival on Samaria.
850–849 853–852 852–851 Ahaziah אחזיהו בן-אחאב מלך ישראל
’Ahazyahu ben 'Ah’av, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 2 years. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. This entry is not about King Ahaziah of Judah. Ahaziah (אחזיהו המלך was king of Israel and the son of Ahab and Jezebel This entry is not about King Ahaziah of Judah. Ahaziah (אחזיהו המלך was king of Israel and the son of Ahab and Jezebel Death: He fell through the lattice of his upper room and injured himself. Elijah the prophet told him he would never leave his bed and would die on it.
849–842 852–841 851–842 Joram יורם בן-אחאב מלך ישראל
Yehoram ben ’Ah’av, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 11 years. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. Jehoram (or Joram) was the king of Israel ( 2 Kings 816 25 28f and he was the son of Ahab and Jezebel. Jehoram (or Joram) was the king of Israel ( 2 Kings 816 25 28f and he was the son of Ahab and Jezebel. Death: Killed by Jehu, the next king of Israel,
The House of Jehu
842–815 841–814 842–815 Jehu יהוא בן-נמשי מלך ישראל
Yehu ben Nimshi, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 28 years. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. ' Yehu redirects here for the instrument see Yehu (instrument. ' Yehu redirects here for the instrument see Yehu (instrument. [6] Death: Natural Causes
815–801 814–798 819–804 Jehoahaz יהואחז בן-יהוא מלך ישראל
Yeho’ahaz ben Yehu, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 17 years. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. Events and trends 797 BC — Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia. Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. Jehoahaz of Israel was king of Israel and the son of Jehu ( 2 Kings 1035 Jehoahaz of Israel was king of Israel and the son of Jehu ( 2 Kings 1035 Death: Natural Causes
801–786 798–782 805–790 Jehoash
(Joash)		 יואש בן-יואחז מלך ישראל
Yeho’ash ben Yeho’ahaz, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 16 years. Events and trends 783 BC — Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria. Events and trends 797 BC — Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia. Events and trends 783 BC — Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria. Events and trends 797 BC — Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia. Jehoash (יהואש המלך was the king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel and the son of Jehoahaz, ( 2 Kings 141 compare 121 1310 Jehoash (יהואש המלך was the king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel and the son of Jehoahaz, ( 2 Kings 141 compare 121 1310 Jehoash (יהואש המלך was the king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel and the son of Jehoahaz, ( 2 Kings 141 compare 121 1310 Death: Natural Causes
786–746 782–753 790–750 Jeroboam II ירבעם בן-יואש מלך ישראל
Yerav’am ben Yeho’ash, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 41 years. Events and trends 783 BC — Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria. Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Events and trends 783 BC — Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria. Events and trends 756 BC — Founding of Cyzicus. 755 BC — Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria Events and trends 797 BC — Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia. Events and trends 756 BC — Founding of Cyzicus. 755 BC — Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria Jeroboam II (ירבעם השני was the son and successor of Jehoash, (alternatively spelled Joash and the fourteenth king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, over Jeroboam II (ירבעם השני was the son and successor of Jehoash, (alternatively spelled Joash and the fourteenth king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, over Death: Natural Causes
746 753 750–749  Zachariah זכריה בן-ירבעם מלך ישראל
Zekharyah ben Yerav’am, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 6 months. Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Events and trends 756 BC — Founding of Cyzicus. 755 BC — Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria Events and trends 756 BC — Founding of Cyzicus. 755 BC — Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Zachary Mikael (spelled Zachariah in the King James Version of the Bible) was a king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, and son of Jeroboam Zachary Mikael (spelled Zachariah in the King James Version of the Bible) was a king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, and son of Jeroboam Death: Shallum son of Jabesh killed him in front of the people and succeeded as king.
The House of Shallum
745 752 749 Shallum שלם בן-יבש מלך ישראל
Shallum ben Yavesh, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 1 month. Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Events and trends 756 BC — Founding of Cyzicus. 755 BC — Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Shallum of Israel (שלום בן יבש was the king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, and the son of Jabesh. Shallum of Israel (שלום בן יבש was the king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, and the son of Jabesh. Death: Menahem son of Gadi attacked Shallum and assassinated him.
The House of Menahem
745–738 752–742 749–738 Menahem מנחם בן-גדי מלך ישראל
Menahem ben Gadi, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 10 years. Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 756 BC — Founding of Cyzicus. 755 BC — Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of For the Khazar ruler of the same name see Menahem (Khazar. For the medieval poet and philologist see Menahem ben Saruq. For the Khazar ruler of the same name see Menahem (Khazar. For the medieval poet and philologist see Menahem ben Saruq. Death: Natural Causes
738–737 742–740 738–736 Pekahiah פקחיה בן-מנחם מלך ישראל
Pekahyah ben Menahem, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 2 years. Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Pekahiah ("the Lord opened his eyes" was king of Israel and the son of Menahem. Pekahiah ("the Lord opened his eyes" was king of Israel and the son of Menahem. Death: Pekah son of Remaliah, one of the chief officers, took 50 men with him and assassinated the king in his palace at Samaria.
The last House of Israel
737–732 740–732 736–732 Pekah פקח בן-רמליהו מלך ישראל
Pekah ben Remalyahu, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 20 years. Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Pekah ("open-eyed" was king of Israel, the son of Remaliah, and a captain in the army of Pekahiah, king of Israel Pekah ("open-eyed" was king of Israel, the son of Remaliah, and a captain in the army of Pekahiah, king of Israel Death: Hoshea son of Elah conspired against him and assassinated him.
732–722 732–722 732–722 Hoshea הושע בן-אלה מלך ישראל
Hoshe’a ben ’Elah, Melekh Yisra’el		 Reigned over Israel in Samaria for 9 years. Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile See also Hosea, who has the same name in Biblical Hebrew. Hoshea ("salvation" was the last king of Israel and son of Elah See also Hosea, who has the same name in Biblical Hebrew. Hoshea ("salvation" was the last king of Israel and son of Elah [7] Death: King Shalmanser attacked and captured Samaria. He charged Hoshea of treason and he put him in prison, then, he deported the Israelites to Assyria.

References

  1. ^ 1 Kings 22:51 and many subsequent passages
  2. ^ *Zechariah 10:6
  3. ^ *II Samuel 2:10
  4. ^ See Yohanan Aharoni, et al, The Macmillan Bible Atlas, Macmillan Publishing: New York, 1993, p. 94. ; and Amihai Mazar, The Archaeology of the Land of the Bible: 10,000 – 586 B. C. E, New York: Doubleday, 1992, p. 404, see Pp. 406-410 for discussion of archaeological significance of Shomron (Samaria) under Omride Dynasty. Samaria, or the Shomron ( שֹׁמְרוֹן, Standard Šoməron Tiberian Šōmərôn
  5. ^ a b c All dates are BCE.
  6. ^ Considered to be a contemporary of the Assyrian King Shalmaneser III (858–824) to whom he paid tribute. Shalmaneser III ( Šulmānu-ašarēdu, "the god Shulmanu is pre-eminent" was king of Assyria (859 BC-824 BC and son of the previous ruler Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 828 BC /827 BC (14th year in the era of Gònghé — King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China This is based on an inscription on The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III showing "Yaua" son of Omri paying tribute, dated to 841 BCE. For the band see Black Obelisk (band The "Black Obelisk" of Shalmaneser III (reigned 858-824 BC is a black Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron.
  7. ^ Paid tribute to the Assyrian King Shalmaneser V (727–722 BCE) but rebelled in 725 BCE. Shalmaneser V ( Akkadian: akk Šulmanu-ašarid) was King of Assyria from 727 to 722 BC Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Shalmaneser besieged the capital, Samaria, but died shortly before the fall of the city. Samaria, or the Shomron ( שֹׁמְרוֹן, Standard Šoməron Tiberian Šōmərôn His brother Sargon II (722–705 BCE) completed the siege with success in 722, making Judah the sole remaining Hebrew kingdom. Sargon II ( Akkadian Šarru-kinu "legitimate king" reigned 722 – 705 BC was an Assyrian king Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile The ten tribes were exiled to other parts of the Assyrian Empire and never heard from again in recorded history. A small group of people fled south to take refuge in Judah.

See also

External links

The king of ancient Israel was not an absolute monarch. By tradition the King was required to obey the laws of the Torah, which includes both religious The history of Ancient Israel and Judah is known to us from classical sources including Judaism 's Tanakh or Hebrew Bible (known For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Bible Unearthed, subtitled Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts is a 2001 book about the archaeology of ancient
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