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The Kingdom of Greece (Greek: Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος, Vasíleion tīs Elládos) was a state established in 1832 in the Convention of London by the Great Powers (the United Kingdom, France and the Russian Empire). The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The First Hellenic Republic ( Α' Ελληνική Δημοκρατία) is a name used to refer to the provisional Greek state during the Greek War of Independence Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The history of the Hellenic Republic constitutes three discrete republican periods in modern Greek History: 1822 - 1832, 1924 - The Axis occupation of Greece during World War II ( Η Κατοχή, I Katochi, meaning "The Occupation" began in April Regime of the Colonels redirects here For the Polish regime of colonels see Colonels' group. The history of the Hellenic Republic constitutes three discrete republican periods in modern Greek History: 1822 - 1832, 1924 - The Flag of Greece ( Σημαία της Ελλάδος, popularly referred to as the Γαλανόλευκη or the Κυανόλευκη The National Emblem of Greece ( Εθνόσημο της Ελλάδας, Ethnósimo tis Elládas) consists of a blue escutcheon with a white Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Absolute monarchy is a monarchical Form of government where the king and queen have absolute power over everything Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Otto of Greece (Όθων Βασιλεύς της Ελλάδος Othon Vasileus tis Ellados) (1 June 1815 – 26 July 1867 was made the first modern king of Greece Early life Constantine was born at Psychiko, near Athens, the nephew of King George II and the second child and only son of the King's brother and The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century The London Conference of 1832 was an international conference convened to establish a stable government in Greece. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Otto of Greece (Όθων Βασιλεύς της Ελλάδος Othon Vasileus tis Ellados) (1 June 1815 – 26 July 1867 was made the first modern king of Greece Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The history of the Hellenic Republic constitutes three discrete republican periods in modern Greek History: 1822 - 1832, 1924 - Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Greek plebiscite of 1935 was held to decide whether the monarchy should be restored Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Axis occupation of Greece during World War II ( Η Κατοχή, I Katochi, meaning "The Occupation" began in April Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Greek plebiscite of 1974 resulted in the final abolition of Monarchy in Greece and the establishment of the current Third Hellenic Republic. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The London Conference of 1832 was an international conference convened to establish a stable government in Greece. A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The July Monarchy (1830-1848 was a period of liberal monarchy rule of France under Louis-Philippe The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya It was internationally recognized in the Treaty of Constantinople, where it also secured full independence from the Ottoman Empire. The Τreaty of Constantinople was the product of the Constantinople Conference which opened in February 1832 with the participation of the Great Powers ( Britain Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish It succeeded from the Greek provisional governments of the Greek War of Independence, and lasted until 1924, when the monarchy was abolished, and the Second Hellenic Republic declared. The First Hellenic Republic ( Α' Ελληνική Δημοκρατία) is a name used to refer to the provisional Greek state during the Greek War of Independence The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829 also commonly known as the Greek Revolution (Ελληνική Επανάσταση Elliniki Epanastasi; Ottoman The history of the Hellenic Republic constitutes three discrete republican periods in modern Greek History: 1822 - 1832, 1924 - The Kingdom was restored in 1935, and lasted until 1974, when, in the aftermath of a seven-year military dictatorship, the current Third Republic came into existence. Regime of the Colonels redirects here For the Polish regime of colonels see Colonels' group. The history of the Hellenic Republic constitutes three discrete republican periods in modern Greek History: 1822 - 1832, 1924 -
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House of Wittelsbach
The Greeks had risen up against the Ottoman Empire in 1821, leading to a struggle which lasted until 1829. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Greece had been led since 1828 by Count John Capodistria, but after his assassination in 1831 the country descended into civil war. Count Ioannis Antonios Kapodistrias (Κόμης Ιωάννης Καποδίστριας - Komis Ioannis Kapodistrias in Giovanni Capo d'Istria Conte Capo d'Istria At this stage, the Great Powers stepped in and decided to make Greece a kingdom. At the London Conference of 1832, Great Britain, France and Russia (the Great Powers at the time) offered the Greek throne to the 17-year-old Bavarian Prince Otto of the ruling House of Wittelsbach, who became the first King of Greece. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The July Monarchy (1830-1848 was a period of liberal monarchy rule of France under Louis-Philippe The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Otto of Greece (Όθων Βασιλεύς της Ελλάδος Othon Vasileus tis Ellados) (1 June 1815 – 26 July 1867 was made the first modern king of Greece The Wittelsbach family is a European Royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. This is a list of the heads of state of Greece, from the foundation of the modern nation state until the present Otto was a minor when he arrived in Greece and thus a Council of Regents ruled in his name until 1835. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor In 1835, Otto began a period of absolute monarchy in which he selected an advisor (usually Bavarian) to serve as the President of the Council of State. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or At times, he himself was his own chief councilor.
September 3 revolution
By 1843, public dissatisfaction with Otto and the "Bavarocracy" had reached a tipping point, and the people were starting to make demands for a constitution. Initially Otto refused to grant a constitution, but as soon as German troops were withdrawn from the kingdom, a military coup was launched. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity On 3 September 1843, the infantry, led by Colonel Dimitrios Kallergis and the respected Revolution captain Ioannis Makriyannis assembled in the square in front of the palace in Athens. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Dimitri Kalergis ( Demitrios) (1803-1867 Greek statesman was a Cretan by birth studied medicine at Paris and on the outbreak of the War General Yannis Makriyannis (Ιωάννης Μακρυγιάννης also anglicized as Ioannis Ioannes and Makriyiannis Makrygiannis Makrygiannēs Macriyannis etc The rebellion refused to disperse until the king agreed to grant a constitution, which would require that there be Greeks in the council, that he convene a permanent national assembly, and that Otto personally thank the leaders of the uprising. King Otto gave in to the pressure and agreed to the demands of the crowd.
House of Oldenburg-Glücksburg
After King Otto was deposed in 1862, 17-year-old Prince William of Denmark was elected to the throne as a constitutional monarch, known as George I. George I King of the Hellenes (Γεώργιος A' Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων Georgios A' Vasileus ton Ellinon; 24 December 1845 &ndash 18 March 1913 was The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is He reigned for 50 years, and his tenure is remembered for expanding the boundaries of Greece (upon his accession to the crown, Britain ceded the Ionian Islands to Greece), its economic progress and the acceptance of the concept that the government should be headed up by the leader of the party that received the most votes in the previous election, not whichever minister was most favored by the king. This article is about the group of islands west of Greece For the ancient region in western Anatolia see Ionia. Nevertheless, King George I was quite politically active. He was assassinated in 1913 in Thessaloniki, which had recently been annexed to Greece as a result of Greek victory in the First Balkan War. Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), Thessalonica, or Salonica is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Macedonia The First Balkan War, which lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 pitted the Balkan League ( Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, and Bulgaria
King George I was succeeded by his son, King Constantine I, who had distinguished himself as a military leader in Greece's drive to add territory to her demesne. Constantine I King of the Hellenes (Κωνσταντίνος A' Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων - 11 January 1923 was King of Greece from 1913 to 1917 and from He was educated in Germany, and married Sophia, the daughter of the Kaiser. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. See also Sophia of Prussia (1582-1610. Princess Sophie of Prussia ( Sophie Dorothea Ulrike Alice; June 14, 1870 Constantine was perceived as pro-German, in opposition to Eleftherios Venizelos' support for the Triple Entente. Eleftherios Venizelos (full name Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos, Greek: Ελευθέριος Κυριάκου Βενιζέλος ( Mournies The Triple Entente (" entente " — French for "agreement" was the name given to the loose alignment of the United Kingdom, the Further bolstering this view was the king's overt efforts to keep Greece neutral in the First World War. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Entente Powers backed Eleftherios Venizelos and after a period, known as the National Schism, where separate governments were established in Athens and Thessaloniki, Greece joined the Entente and King Constantine was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Alexander in 1917. The Entente Powers (from Triple Entente) were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The National Schism ( Εθνικός Διχασμός, Ethnikos Dikhasmos, sometimes called The Great Division) is a historical event involving Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), Thessalonica, or Salonica is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Macedonia The Triple Entente (" entente " — French for "agreement" was the name given to the loose alignment of the United Kingdom, the Alexander of Greece may refer to Alexander I of Greece, the 20th century king of Greece Alexander of Greece (rhetorician, the ancient Greek Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Greece was rewarded for her support of the winning side in the war with territories in Asia Minor including Smyrna. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black This article is on the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna principally in connection with the ruins remaining to this day King Alexander died in 1920 from a monkey bite and his father returned as king. After the disastrous Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), King Constantine was deposed again and he died in exile in Sicily. Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy.
King Constantine was now succeeded by his eldest son, King George II, who left the country in 1924 when the Second Hellenic Republic was declared. Early life first period of kingship and exile George was born at the royal villa at Tatoi, near Athens, the eldest son of Constantine I King of the Hellenes The history of the Hellenic Republic constitutes three discrete republican periods in modern Greek History: 1822 - 1832, 1924 - In 1935 a military coup headed by General Georgios Kondylis abolished the Republic, and staged a plebiscite which approved the restoration of the monarchy. Georgios Kondylis (Γεώργιος Κονδύλης (1878&ndash February 1, 1936) was a General of the Greek army and Prime Minister The Greek plebiscite of 1935 was held to decide whether the monarchy should be restored King George II returned to the country, where he subsequently actively supported the dictatorial Metaxas Regime. From 1936 to 1941, Greece was ruled by an authoritarian regime under the leadership of General During the German invasion of Greece in 1941, he fled with the government to Egypt. The Battle of Greece (also known as Operation Marita, Unternehmen Marita was a World War II battle that occurred on the Greek mainland and in southern Albania He returned to Greece in 1946 and reigned until his death in 1947.
King George was followed by his last brother, King Paul who reigned from 1947 until his death in 1964. Reign Paul returned to Greece in 1946 He succeeded to the throne in 1947 on the death of his brother George II, during the Greek Civil War (between Greek Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His son, King Constantine II was king until he was exiled after a failed counter coup against the military junta in December 1967. Early life Constantine was born at Psychiko, near Athens, the nephew of King George II and the second child and only son of the King's brother and Regime of the Colonels redirects here For the Polish regime of colonels see Colonels' group. The Junta appointed an illegal Regent in place of the King and eventually staged a carefully controlled plebiscite in 1973, which led to the illegal abolition of the monarchy. The Greek plebiscite of 29 July 1973 was held by the then ruling dictatorial regime under Georgios Papadopoulos and resulted in the abolition Georgios Papadopoulos became the new President of Greece on 1 June 1973. Georgios Papadopoulos (Γεώργιος Παπαδόπουλος ( May 5, 1919 June 27, 1999) was the head of the military Coup d'état This is a list of the heads of state of Greece, from the foundation of the modern nation state until the present Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar.
The reign of the military junta effectively ended the following year but King Constantine II was not restored to the throne. The matter of his restoration was set in another plebiscite in December 1974, where 69% of Greeks voted for the final abolition of the monarchy. The Greek plebiscite of 1974 resulted in the final abolition of Monarchy in Greece and the establishment of the current Third Hellenic Republic.
List of Kings of Greece
- King Otto 6 February 1833 - 23 October 1862
- King George I 30 March 1863 – 18 March 1913
- King Constantine I 18 March 1913 - 11 June 1917 and 19 December 1920 - 27 September 1922
- King Alexander June 11, 1917 - October 25, 1920
- King George II 27 September 1922 - 25 March 1924, and later 3 November 1935 – 1 April 1947
- King Paul of Greece|King Paul 1 April 1947 - 6 March 1964
- King Constantine II 6 March 1964 - 1 June 1973
Note: The dates signify reign not life span. Otto of Greece (Όθων Βασιλεύς της Ελλάδος Othon Vasileus tis Ellados) (1 June 1815 – 26 July 1867 was made the first modern king of Greece Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday George I King of the Hellenes (Γεώργιος A' Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων Georgios A' Vasileus ton Ellinon; 24 December 1845 &ndash 18 March 1913 was Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Constantine I King of the Hellenes (Κωνσταντίνος A' Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων - 11 January 1923 was King of Greece from 1913 to 1917 and from Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Early life He was born on 1 August 1893 (21 July OS) at Tatoi near Athens the second son of Constantine I and his wife Sophie of Prussia Early life first period of kingship and exile George was born at the royal villa at Tatoi, near Athens, the eldest son of Constantine I King of the Hellenes Reign Paul returned to Greece in 1946 He succeeded to the throne in 1947 on the death of his brother George II, during the Greek Civil War (between Greek Early life Constantine was born at Psychiko, near Athens, the nephew of King George II and the second child and only son of the King's brother and
Heir
During the kingdom, the heir apparent carried the title of Diadochos, as unique as dauphin in France (but not linked to any territory). An heir apparent is an Heir who (short of a fundamental change in the situation cannot be displaced from inheriting the term is used in contrast to Heir presumptive The Diadochi (plural of Latin Diadochus, from Greek Διάδοχοι, Diadokhoi, "successors" were the rival successors The Dauphin of France (Dauphin de France—strictly Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois)—was the title given to the Heir apparent of the During the Glücksburg dynasty, the heir also enjoyed the title of "Duke of Sparta". Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (in Danish: Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Lyksborg) from Glücksburg in northernmost Germany The city of Sparta ( Doric Σπάρτα Attic Σπάρτη
See also
- History of modern Greece
- List of heads of state of Greece
- Royal House of Greece
- Royal Family of Greece
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