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Βασίλειο της Κύπρου
Kingdom of Cyprus
←
1192 – 1489 →

Coat of arms of Cyprus

Coat of arms
Capital Famagusta
Language(s) French
Greek
Religion Latin Christianity
Greek Christianity
Government Monarchy
History
 - Established 1192
 - Disestablished 1489

The Kingdom of Cyprus was a Crusader kingdom on the island of Cyprus in the high and late Middle Ages, between 1192 and 1489. The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica The coat of arms of Cyprus depicts a Dove carrying an Olive branch (a well-known symbol of Peace) over &ldquo 1960 Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital "Magusa" redirects here For the Moth Genus, see Magusa (moth. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or This article is about the Christian kingdom For the history of the city see History of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía It was ruled by the French House of Lusignan. The Lusignan family originated in the Poitou near Lusignan in western France in the early 10th century.

Contents

History

The island was conquered from Isaac Comnenus, an upstart local governor and self-proclaimed emperor claiming the Empire of Constantinople, in 1191 by King Richard I of England during the Third Crusade. Isaac Komnenos or Comnenus ( Greek: Ισαάκιος Κομνηνός Isaakios Komnēnos) (c Richard I (8 September 1157 &ndash 6 April 1199 was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death The Third Crusade (1189&ndash1192 also known as the Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin Richard then sold it to the Knights Templar, who in turn sold it to King-Consort Guy of Jerusalem, of the House of Lusignan, in 1192 after the failure of Richard's crusade and when Guy was going dispossessed from his late wife's kingdom. The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order Guy of Lusignan, Guy of Jerusalem or Guy of Cyprus (c 1150 or 1159/1160 &ndash Nicosia, July 18, 1194) was a French The Lusignan family originated in the Poitou near Lusignan in western France in the early 10th century. His brother and successor, Amalric I of Cyprus, received the royal crown and title from Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. Amalric II of Jerusalem or Amalric I of Cyprus, born Amalric of Lusignan (1145 &ndash April 1, 1205) King of Jerusalem 1197&ndash1205 Henry VI (November 1165 – 28 September 1197) was King of Germany from 1190 to 1197 Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 to 1197 and King A small minority Roman Catholic population of the island was mainly confined to some coastal cities, such as Famagusta, as well as inland Nicosia, the traditional capital. "Magusa" redirects here For the Moth Genus, see Magusa (moth. Nicosia, known locally as Lefkosia (Λευκωσία Lefkoşa is the Capital and largest city of Cyprus. Roman Catholics kept the reins of power and control, while the Greek inhabitants lived in the countryside; this was much the same as the arrangement in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions This article is about the Christian kingdom For the history of the city see History of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian The independent Eastern Orthodox Church of Cyprus, with its own archbishop and subject to no patriarch, was allowed to remain on the island, but the Latin Church largely displaced it in stature and holding property. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The ancient Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus ( Greek: Ekklēsía tês Kýprou) is one of the fourteen or fifteen independent (' autocephalous As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described

Coin of the kingdom of Cyprus, 13th century.
Coin of the kingdom of Cyprus, 13th century.

After the death of Amalric of Lusignan, the Kingdom continually passed to a series of young boys who grew up as king. The Ibelin family, which had held much power in Jerusalem prior its downfall, acted as regents during these early years. Ibelin was a castle in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century (at modern Yavne,) which gave its name to an important family of nobles In 1229 one of the Ibelin regents was forced out of power by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, who brought the struggle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines to the island. Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy Frederick's supporters were defeated in this struggle by 1233, although it lasted longer in Palestine and in Europe. Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Frederick's Hohenstaufen descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until 1268 when Hugh III of Cyprus claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of Conrad III of Jerusalem, thus uniting the two kingdoms. Hugh III of Cyprus (1235 &ndash 24 March 1284 born Hughues de Poitiers, later Hughues de Lusignan (he adopted his mother's surname de Lusignan in 1267 Conradin is also a character in the short story Sredni Vashtar. The territory in Palestine was finally lost while Henry II was king in 1291, but the kings of Cyprus continued to claim the title. Henry II of Jerusalem, Henry I of Cyprus or Henri I & II de Lusignan (1271 &ndash August 31, 1324) was the last ruling and first titular

Like Jerusalem, Cyprus had a Haute Cour (High Court), although it was less powerful than it had been in Jerusalem. The island was richer and more feudal than Jerusalem, so the king had more personal wealth and could afford to ignore the Haute Cour. The most important vassal family was the multi-branch House of Ibelin. Ibelin was a castle in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century (at modern Yavne,) which gave its name to an important family of nobles However, the king was often in conflict with the Italian merchants, especially because Cyprus had become the centre of European trade with Africa and Asia after the fall of Acre in 1291. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Siege of Acre (also called the Fall of Acre) took place in 1291 and resulted in the loss of the Crusader -control city of Acre to the Muslims

The kingdom eventually came to be dominated more and more in the 14th century by the Genoese merchants. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Cyprus therefore sided with the Avignon Papacy in the Great Schism, in the hope that the French would be able to drive out the Italians. In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism (also known as the Western Schism) was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Mameluks then made the kingdom a tributary state in 1426; the remaining monarchs gradually lost almost all independence, until 1489 when the last Queen, Catherine Cornaro, was forced to sell the island to Venice. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the [1]

List of Kings of Cyprus

History of Cyprus
Prehistory of Cyprus
Alashiya
Ancient Cyprus
Assyrian Period (709 BC - 669 BC)
Persian Period (525 BC - 333 BC)
Hellenistic Period (333 BC - 58 BC)
Roman Period (58 BC - 330)
Medieval Cyprus
Byzantine Cyprus (330 - 1191)
Kingdom of Cyprus (1192 - 1489)
Venetian Period (1489 - 1571)
Ottoman Cyprus (1571 - 1878)
Modern Cyprus

Pretenders of the Kingdom of Cyprus

Plate of the House of Lusignan, with coat of arms at the center. Early 14th century, Cyprus. Louvre Museum.
Plate of the House of Lusignan, with coat of arms at the center. Prehistory See also Cyprus (Prehistory Cyprus was not settled in the old stone age, which led to the survival of numerous dwarf forms The Prehistoric Period is the oldest part of Cypriot history. Alashiya or Alasiya was an important State during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages and was situated somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean This article treats the History of Cyprus in Classical Antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the Middle Ages. This article treats the History of Cyprus in Classical Antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the Middle Ages. This article treats the History of Cyprus in Classical Antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the Middle Ages. This article treats the History of Cyprus in Classical Antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the Middle Ages. This article treats the History of Cyprus in Classical Antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the Middle Ages. The Medieval history of Cyprus starts with the division of the Roman Empire into an Eastern and Western half The Medieval history of Cyprus starts with the division of the Roman Empire into an Eastern and Western half The Medieval history of Cyprus starts with the division of the Roman Empire into an Eastern and Western half Throughout the period of Venetian rule Ottoman Turks raided and attacked the peoples of Cyprus at will This article covers the modern history of Cyprus, from 1878 to the present Guy of Lusignan, Guy of Jerusalem or Guy of Cyprus (c 1150 or 1159/1160 &ndash Nicosia, July 18, 1194) was a French Amalric II of Jerusalem or Amalric I of Cyprus, born Amalric of Lusignan (1145 &ndash April 1, 1205) King of Jerusalem 1197&ndash1205 Hugh I of Cyprus or Hugues I de Lusignan (1194/1195 &ndash January 10, 1218) succeeded to the throne of Cyprus on April 1, 1205 underage Henry I of Cyprus, nicknamed the Fat, aka Henry of Lusignan or Henri I le Gros de Lusignan ( May 3, 1217 – January 18, Hugh II of Cyprus or Hugues II de Lusignan (June-August 1252 or 1253 &ndash November or December 5, 1267) was king of Cyprus and from the Hugh III of Cyprus (1235 &ndash 24 March 1284 born Hughues de Poitiers, later Hughues de Lusignan (he adopted his mother's surname de Lusignan in 1267 John II (1259 or ca 1267 &ndash Nicosia, May 20, 1285) was the eldest son of Hugh III of Cyprus and Isabella of Ibelin Henry II of Jerusalem, Henry I of Cyprus or Henri I & II de Lusignan (1271 &ndash August 31, 1324) was the last ruling and first titular Amalric de Lusignan or Amaury II de Lusignan, Prince of Tyre (c Hugh IV of Cyprus or Hughues IV de Lusignan (c 1295 or 1293-1296 – October 10, 1359) was King of Cyprus from 1324 to his abdication on Peter I of Cyprus or Pierre I de Lusignan ( Nicosia, October 9, 1328 &ndash Palace of La Cava, Nicosia, January 17 Peter II of Cyprus or Pierre II le Gros de Lusignan (ca 1357 or 1354/1357 &ndash October 13 1382) called The Fat, was king of Cyprus James I of Cyprus or Jacques I de Lusignan (1334 &ndash September 9, 1398) was King of Cyprus 1369 &ndash 1398 and Titular King of Janus ( Genoa, 1375 &ndash Nicosia, June 29 1432) sometimes John II, was a King of Cyprus, King of Armenia John II or III ( Nicosia, May 16, 1418 &ndash Nicosia, July 28, 1458) was the King of Cyprus from Charlotte of Cyprus or Charlotte de Lusignan ( Nicosia, 28 June, 1444 - Rome, July 16, 1487) was the eldest Louis I ( Ludovico I or Lodovico I in Italian) ( Geneva, February 21, 1402 /1413 &ndash Lyon, January James II (the Bastard of Cyprus or Jacques II le Bâtard de Lusignan ( Nicosia, c James III of Cyprus or Jacques III de Lusignan (August 1473 &ndash August 1474 was the only and posthumous child by marriage of James II of Cyprus and Catherine Nobil Donna Catherine Cornaro (Italian Caterina) ( November 25, 1454 &ndash July 10 1510) was Queen of The Lusignan family originated in the Poitou near Lusignan in western France in the early 10th century. Early 14th century, Cyprus. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Louvre Museum. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France
Glazed ceramics, Cyprus, 14th century.
Glazed ceramics, Cyprus, 14th century.

Notes

  1. ^ "Cyprus, Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed May 2007.

See also

The Kingdom of Cyprus, as an offshoot of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, maintained many of the same offices such as Seneschal, Constable, Marshal
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