|
Part of the series on |
 |
| Early History |
| Monte Verde |
| Mapuche |
| Colonial times |
| Spanish Empire |
| Kingdom of Chile |
| Arauco War |
| Building a nation |
| Patria Vieja |
| War of Independence |
| 1829 Revolution |
| War of the Confederation |
| Republican period |
| Conservative Republic |
| Liberal Republic |
| War of the Pacific |
| Chilean Civil War |
| Parliamentary period |
| Parliamentary Republic |
| 1924 coup d'état |
| Presidential period |
| 1925 coup d'état |
| Presidential Republic |
| Chile under Allende |
| Military regime |
| 1973 coup d'état |
| Chile under Pinochet |
| Present day Chile |
| Transition to democracy |
| Politics of Chile |
| Chile-related topics |
| Topical |
| Economic history |
| Chilean coup d'état |
| Political scandals |
The Kingdom of Chile or Realm of Chile (Spanish: Reino de Chile), also known as the General Captaincy of Chile (Capitanía General de Chile), was an administrative territory of the Spanish Empire from 1541 to 1818, the year in which it declared itself independent, becoming the Republic of Chile. This is the history of Chile. See also the History of South America and the History of present-day nations and states. Monte Verde is an Archaeological site in south-central Chile, which has been dated to 14500 years before present The Mapuche are the indigenous inhabitants of Central and Southern Chile and Southern Argentina. The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries The Arauco War was a long conflict between colonial Spaniards and the Mapuche people of the region of Araucanía, of modern Chile. Patria Vieja (Spanish Old Fatherland) refers to a time period in the History of Chile occurring between the First Junta of the Government ( September Chilean War of Independence, was an armed conflict between the people of Chile and Spanish colonial authorities which started on September 10, 1810 The War of the Confederation (also known in Peru as the Chilean-Confederation war) ( 1836 - 1839) was a conflict between the Peru-Bolivian Confederation The War of the Pacific, sometimes called the Saltpeter War in reference to its original cause was fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia The Chilean Civil War of 1891 was an armed conflict between forces supporting Congress and forces supporting the sitting President, José Manuel Balmaceda The Parliamentary Era in Chile began in 1891, at the end of the Civil War, and spanned until 1925 and the establishment of the 1925 Constitution. The Chilean coup d'état of 1925 took place on January 23, 1925, when the Chilean military overthrew the September Junta. Salvador Allende was the president of Chile from 1970 until 1973 and head of the Popular Unity government he was the first Marxist ever to be elected The Chilean coup d'état of 1973 is a landmark in the History of Chile and the Russo-American Cold War. General Augusto Pinochet, one of the most controversial figures in recent Chilean history was head of the military junta that ruled Chile from The Chilean transition to democracy (colloquially known in Chile as the Transición) began on September 11, 1980, when a Constitution establishing The Politics of Chile takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President This is a list of topics related to Chile. Those interested in the subject can monitor changes to the pages by clicking on Related changes in the sidebar Colonial era to 1690 In colonial times the segmentation of Chile into Latifundios left only small parcels for native American and Mestizo villagers This is a list of major Political scandals in Chile: "Scorpion" scandal ( 1809) - A smuggling scandal that The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the It had a number of governors over its long history, and technically one king, from which it derived its unusual designation as a "kingdom. The Royal Governor of Chile ruled over the Spanish colonial administrative district known as the Kingdom of Chile. "
Background
![Area under control of the Captaincy in 1764[citation needed]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/Chile1764.PNG)
In Old Spanish Reyno (compared to modern Reino ("Kingdom") was more descriptive of a geographical unity rather than a political one. This can lead to confusion since politically there was not one Kingdom of Spain until the Bourbon instauration in 1700, but several kingdoms inside and outside the Iberian Peninsula. Spain was in that sense a reyno before becoming a reino. Each of these independent kingdoms was ruled in Spain as a personal union by the Spanish King, since the time of Charles I.
The Chilean kingdom (the Reyno de Chile) was a personal possession of the King of Castile (then a geographical entity more than a political one) as were all the other Spanish possessions in the New World. The Crown of Castile, as a historic entity is usually considered to have begun in 1230 with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of León and Castile The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. Naples or Sicily, on the other hand, were possessions of the King of Aragon, who happened to be the same person. There was no common administrative apparatus between different independent reinos, and each one was governed by the king, its own council, and its own laws. The day to day work was handled mostly by viceroys who represented the king's will, e. A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch. g. , in Aragon, Sicily, Mexico or Peru.
Chile never reached the status of a viceroyalty (it was too small and too poor for that) but that of a captaincy general, dependent on the Peruvian Viceroyalty. Therefore, in English maybe it would be more appropriate to refer to colonial Chile as a realm under the rule of the Castilian (and later Spanish) King, rather than as a kingdom.
Political history
![Area under control of the Captaincy in 1810[citation needed]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2e/Chile1810.PNG)
The district was designated a Governorship during the initial exploration and settlement of the area, because the local Amerindian peoples demonstrated fierce resistance and thus a more autonomous, military-based governmental authority was needed. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government This was not an unusual arrangement for the Spanish colonizers.
In 1554, however, the future Philip II of Spain married Queen Mary I of England, when he was still just the heir to the Spanish throne. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Mary I (18 February 1516 &ndash 17 November 1558 was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death In order to bring him up to an equal rank with the Queen, he was named the "King of Chile" by his father, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Additionally he received the Kingdom of Naples, which came with a claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the Polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of the southern Italian This article is about the Christian kingdom For the history of the city see History of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian Thus the marriage treaty could jointly style the couple as King and Queen, and would reflect not only Mary's but also Philip's dominions and claims:
Philip and Mary, by the grace of God, King and Queen of England, France, Naples, Jerusalem, Chile and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Princes of Spain and Sicily, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Milan, Burgundy and Brabant, Counts of Habsburg, Flanders and Tyrol
After Philip inherited the throne and became King of Spain in 1556, the Kingdom of Chile merged back into the Spanish crown, continuing its practical identity as a captaincy, but maintaining the honorific title of Kingdom.
Later, Chile became a Captaincy General and a Royal Audiencia. A captaincy is a historical Administrative division of the former Spanish and Portuguese Colonial empires Each was governed by a Captain The Real Audiencia of Chile were two Spanish colonial-era government courts of appeals with regional political authority under the administrative oversight by the Viceroy of Peru It lost more than half of its territory with the Bourbonic reforms of Charles III, that transferred all trans-andean possessions to the domain of the newly created Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776. Charles III ( January 20, 1716 – December 14, 1788) was King of Spain 1700–88 (as Carlos III King of Naples and The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata was the last and most shortlived Viceroyalty created by Spain in 1776 Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
| Spanish Empire | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
Viceroyalties: New Spain · Peru · New Granada · Rio de la Plata | |
| Real Audiencias: Mexico · Guadalajara · Guatemala · Manila · Santo Domingo | ||
| Lima · Cusco · Chile · Bogota · Panama · Caracas · Quito · Buenos Aires · Charcas | ||
| Captancies General: Philippines · Cuba · Yucatán · Guatemala · Venezuela · Chile · Puerto Rico | ||
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic