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This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. Algebraic chess notation is used to record and describe the moves in a game of Chess.
King's Gambit
Image:chess zhor 26.png
Image:chess zver 26.png a8 rd b8 nd c8 bd d8 qd e8 kd f8 bd g8 nd h8 rd Image:chess zver 26.png
a7 pd b7 pd c7 pd d7 pd e7 f7 pd g7 pd h7 pd
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 h6
a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 pd f5 g5 h5
a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 pl f4 pl g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3
a2 pl b2 pl c2 pl d2 pl e2 f2 g2 pl h2 pl
a1 rl b1 nl c1 bl d1 ql e1 kl f1 bl g1 nl h1 rl
Image:chess zhor 26.png
Moves 1. e4 e5 2. f4
ECO C30-C39
Origin no later than 16th century
Parent Open Game
Chessgames.com opening explorer

The King's Gambit is a chess opening that begins:

1. The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings ( ECO) is a classification system for the opening moves in a game of chess An Open Game (or Double King Pawn game is a Chess opening which begins with the White moves 1 In Chess the word " opening " has two common meanings both of which are discussed in this article e4 e5
2. f4

White offers a pawn to divert the Black e-pawn and wants to build a stronger center with d2-d4. Theory has shown that in order for Black to maintain the one pawn advantage, moves must be made that seriously weaken the position of the Black pieces. King's Gambit is one of the oldest documented openings as it was examined by the 17th century Italian chess player Giulio Polerio. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Giulio Cesare Polerio (1548 Lanciano - 1612 Rome) was an Italian Chess player [1] It is in an older book by Luis Ramirez de Lucena. Luis Ramirez de Lucena (c 1465 &ndash c1530 was a leading Spanish Chess player [2] The King's Gambit is now rarely seen at the master level. Black can obtain a reasonable position by relinquishing the extra pawn at a later time and consolidating defensively.

Contents

History

The King's Gambit was one of the most popular openings for over 300 years, and has been played by many of the greatest players, and in many of the greatest brilliancies, including the Immortal Game. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order The Immortal Game was a Chess game played on 21 June 1851 by Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky. Nonetheless, players have held very divergent views on it. François-André Danican Philidor (1726-95), the greatest player and theorist of his day, wrote that the King's Gambit should end in a draw with best play by both sides, stating that "a gambit equally well attacked and defended is never a decisive [game], either on one side or the other. François-André Danican Philidor ( September 7, 1726 - August 31, 1795) was a French Chess player and Composer In 1913 preeminent Chess historian HJR Murray wrote in his 900-page magnum opus A History of Chess that "The Game possesses a ". [3] Writing over 150 years later, Siegbert Tarrasch, one of the world's strongest players in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, pronounced the opening "a decisive mistake" and wrote that "it is almost madness to play the King's Gambit. Siegbert Tarrasch ( March 5, 1862 &ndash February 17, 1934) was one of the strongest Chess players and most influential chess "[4] Similarly, future World Champion Bobby Fischer, after losing to a King's Gambit played by another future World Champion, Boris Spassky, at Mar del Plata 1960, wrote a famous article, "A Bust to the King's Gambit!" in American Chess Quarterly, in which he stated, "In my opinion the King's Gambit is busted. See also Development of the World Chess Championship The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the Board game Chess Robert James "Bobby" Fischer ( March 9 1943 – January 17 2008) was an American -born Chess Grandmaster Boris Vasilievich Spassky (also Spasskij (Бори́с Васи́льевич Спа́сский (born January 30, 1937) is a Russian French Mar del Plata has a rich history of Chess tournaments most notably their international chess tournament and open tournament It loses by force. " [5] He claimed his Fischer Defense (3. The Fischer Defense to the King's Gambit is a Chess opening that begins 1 . . . d6) was a refutation, and concluded, "Of course white can always play differently in which case he merely loses differently. " Despite this, Fischer played the King's Gambit himself in three subsequent tournament games, winning all of them. [6] The King's Gambit has been rare in Grandmaster play since, although it is still used by players such as Joseph Gallagher, Alexander Morozevich and Alexei Fedorov. The title Grandmaster is awarded to extremely strong Chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. Joseph Gerard Gallagher (born May 4 1964) is a British Chess International Grandmaster and former British Champion as well as a chess Alexander Morozevich (Александр Морозе́вич (born July 18, 1977) is a Russian Chess player

Variations

Black must decide whether or not to accept the gambit. Since White cannot easily regain the pawn if Black accepts, the King's Gambit Accepted is more common than the King's Gambit Declined. There are several variations of each.

King's Gambit Declined

A common way to decline the gambit is with 2. . . Bc5, the "classical" KGD (King's Gambit Declined). The bishop prevents White from castling and is such a nuisance that White often expends two tempi to get rid of it, moving the queen's knight to c3 and then to a4 only to exchange it on c5, whereupon he may castle without worry. It also contains an opening trap for novices: if White continues with 3. fxe5?? Black continues 3. . . Qh4+, in which either the rook is lost (4. g3 Qxe4+, forking the rook and king) or White is mated (4. Ke2 Qxe4#). The opening is generally considered to give white too much space in the center after continuations like 1. e4 e5 2. f4 Bc5 3. Nf3 d6 4. c3 Nf6 5. d4 or 5. fxe5, and so is no longer played frequently despite being very popular in the 19th century.

Other declined options are possible though unusual, such as the sharp countergambit 2. A gambit is a Chess opening in which the first player risks or sacrifices material usually a pawn, with the hope of achieving a resulting advantageous . . Nc6 3. Nf3 f5, advocated by Tony Miles; 2. Anthony John Miles ( 23 April 1955 in Edgbaston, Birmingham &ndash 12 November 2001 in Harborne, Birmingham . . d6, when after 3. Nf3, best is 3. . . exf4 transposing to the Fischer Defense (though 2. . . d6 invites white to play 3. d4 instead); and 2. . . Nf6 3. fxe5 Nxe4 4. Nf3 Ng5! 5. d4 Nxf3+ 6. Qxf3 Qh4+ 7. Qf2 Qxf2+ 8. Kxf2 with a small endgame advantage, as in a game between Bobby Fischer and Robert Wade. Robert James "Bobby" Fischer ( March 9 1943 – January 17 2008) was an American -born Chess Grandmaster } Robert Graham Wade OBE (born April 10 1921 Dunedin, New Zealand) is a British Chess player writer arbiter coach and The greedy 2. . . Qf6 (known as the Norwalde Variation), intending 3. . . Qxf4, is known but considered very dubious. Also dubious is the Keene Defense: 2. . . Qh4+ 3. g3.

Black can go further and play 2. . . d5 (intending 3. exd5 e4!?, cramping White's position), the aggressive Falkbeer Countergambit, where Black disdains the pawn and instead makes an all-out attempt to take advantage of white's kingside weakness. The Falkbeer Countergambit is a Chess opening that begins 1 e4 e5 2 A more modern interpretation of the Falkbeer is 2. . . d5 3 exd5 c6!?, as advocated by Aron Nimzowitsch. The Falkbeer is generally considered to slightly favor White, however, and only if white plays 3. fxe5? would it be a mistake. However, on this line, black can now play 3. . . Qh4+, followed by 4. Ke2 Qxe4+ 5. Kf2 Bc5+, securing a heavy positional advantage.

King's Gambit Accepted

Image:chess zhor 26.png
Image:chess zver 26.png a8 rd b8 nd c8 bd d8 qd e8 kd f8 bd g8 nd h8 rd Image:chess zver 26.png
a7 pd b7 pd c7 pd d7 pd e7 f7 pd g7 pd h7 pd
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 h6
a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 f5 g5 h5
a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 pl f4 pd g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 nl g3 h3
a2 pl b2 pl c2 pl d2 pl e2 f2 g2 pl h2 pl
a1 rl b1 nl c1 bl d1 ql e1 kl f1 bl g1 h1 rl
Image:chess zhor 26.png
The King's Knight Gambit

As stated above, Black best accepts with 2. . . exf4. White then has two main continuations: 3. Nf3, the King's Knight Gambit is the most common as it develops the knight and blocks 3. The knight (♘ ♞ sometimes referred to by players as a 'horse' is a piece in the Game of Chess, representing a Knight (armoured cavalry . . Qh4+, and 3. Bc4, the Bishop's Gambit, where White's development will rapidly increase after 3. . . Qh4+!? 4. Kf1 followed by 5. Nf3, driving the queen away and gaining a tempo, however, most modern players will not bring out the queen. In Chess, tempo refers to a "turn" or single move When a player achieves a desired result in one fewer moves he "gains a tempo" and conversely when However, there are many other 3rd moves, such as:

The Classical Variation arises after 3. Nf3 g5, when there are two main continuations, 4. h4 ( the Paris Attack),and 4. Bc4. After 4. h4 g4 White can choose between 5. Ng5 or 5. Ne5. 5. Ng5 is the Allgaier Gambit, intending 5. . . h6 6. Nxf7, but is considered dubious by modern theory. Stronger is 5. Ne5, , the Kieseritzky Gambit, which is relatively positional in nature. It was used very successfully by Wilhelm Steinitz, and was used by Boris Spassky to beat Bobby Fischer in a famous game at Mar del Plata 1960. Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz ( May 17, 1836 – August 12, 1900) was an Austrian - American Boris Vasilievich Spassky (also Spasskij (Бори́с Васи́льевич Спа́сский (born January 30, 1937) is a Russian French Robert James "Bobby" Fischer ( March 9 1943 – January 17 2008) was an American -born Chess Grandmaster Mar del Plata has a rich history of Chess tournaments most notably their international chess tournament and open tournament This motivated Fischer into developing his own defense to the King's Gambit - see "Fischer Defense" below. Instead of 4. h4, the extremely sharp Muzio Gambit arises after 4. Bc4 g4 5. 0-0!? gxf3 6. Qxf3, where White has gambitted a knight but has three pieces all bearing down on black's pawn on f7, his greatest weakness. Such wild play is rare in modern chess. Black can avoid the Muzio by meeting 4. Bc4 with 4. . . Bg7.

The Becker Defense 3. . . h6 has the idea of creating a pawn chain on h6, g5, f4 to defend the f4 pawn while avoiding the Kieseritzky Gambit. The rarely-seen Bonsch-Osmolovsky Defense 3. . . Ne7 was played by Mark Bluvshtein to defeat former World title finalist Nigel Short at Montreal 2007. Mark Bluvshtein (born 20 April 1988, in Yaroslavl, Russia) is a Russian-born Israeli Chess player a Grandmaster who resides Nigel David Short MBE (born June 1, 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire) is often regarded as the strongest British Chess Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec

The Cunningham Defense 3. . . Be7 is black's most aggressive option; it can permanently prevent white from castling after 4. Bc4 Bh4+ 5. Kf1 (else the wild Bertin Gambit, or Three Pawns' Gambit 5. g3 fxg3 6. 0-0 gxh2+ 7. Kh1. ) However, nowadays it is more common for black to simply play 4. . . Nf6 5. e5 Ng4, the Modern Cunningham.

The odd 3. . . Qe7 (intending 4. Nc3 d5!) is an interesting surprise weapon, but doubtful if White knows what he's doing.

Image:chess zhor 26.png
Image:chess zver 26.png a8 rd b8 nd c8 bd d8 qd e8 f8 bd g8 h8 rd Image:chess zver 26.png
a7 pd b7 pd c7 pd d7 pd e7 kd f7 bl g7 h7 pd
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 h6
a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 pl f5 g5 nl h5
a4 b4 c4 d4 pl e4 f4 pd g4 pd h4 pl
a3 b3 c3 nl d3 e3 f3 g3 h3
a2 pl b2 pl c2 pl d2 e2 f2 g2 pl h2
a1 rl b1 c1 bl d1 ql e1 kl f1 g1 h1 nd
Image:chess zhor 26.png
The Rook Sacrifice in the Schallopp Defense

The Schallopp Defense 3. Emil Schallopp ( 1 August 1843 – 9 April 1919) was a German Chess player and author . . Nf6 (intending 4. e5 Nh5, holding onto the pawn) is considered somewhat inferior and is rarely played today. In one of the lines, white can usually obtain a crushing offense via a romantic rook sacrifice, ie 4. e5 Nh5 5. d4 g5 6. h4 g4 7. Ng5 Ng3 8. Bc4! Nxh1 9. Bxf7+ Ke7 10. Nc3 (looking for immediate mate at d5, or later via queen at f6) and black appears doomed.

Image:chess zhor 26.png
Image:chess zver 26.png a8 rd b8 nd c8 bd d8 qd e8 kd f8 bd g8 nd h8 rd Image:chess zver 26.png
a7 pd b7 pd c7 pd d7 pd e7 f7 pd g7 pd h7 pd
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 h6
a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 f5 g5 h5
a4 b4 c4 bl d4 e4 pl f4 pd g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3
a2 pl b2 pl c2 pl d2 pl e2 f2 g2 pl h2 pl
a1 rl b1 nl c1 bl d1 ql e1 kl f1 g1 nl h1 rl
Image:chess zhor 26.png
The Bishop's Gambit

The Abbazia Defense (1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Nf3 d5) has much the same idea as the Falkbeer Counter-Gambit, and can in fact be reached by transposition from it, e. g. 2. f4 d5 3. exd5 exf4. Black's forward pawn is less well placed on f4 than on e4, but material is even.

The Fischer Defense (1. The Fischer Defense to the King's Gambit is a Chess opening that begins 1 e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Nf3 d6 planning h6 and g5 but only rarely Bg4, a natural-looking but often weak move that beginners play too early) is complicated and subtle.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Ristoja, Thomas; Aulikki Ristoja (1995). Perusteet, Shakki (in Finnish). WSOY, 58. ISBN 951-0-20505-2.  
  2. ^ Hooper, David & Kenneth Whyld (1992), The Oxford Companion to Chess (2 ed. Kenneth Whyld ( March 6, 1926 - July 11, 2003) was a British Chess author and researcher best known as the co-author (with ), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-866164-9
  3. ^ Philidor, François-André Danican (2005), Analysis of the Game of Chess (1777) (2 ed. ), Harding Simple Ltd. , p. 67, ISBN 1-84382-161-3
  4. ^ Tarrasch, Siegbert (1938), The Game of Chess, David McKay, p. 309
  5. ^ A Bust to the King's Gambit, American Chess Quarterly.
  6. ^ Fischer-Evans, U.S. Championship 1963-64, Fischer-Wade, Vinkovci 1968, and Fischer-Minic, Vinkovci 1968.

Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings

The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings has ten codes for the King's Gambit, C30 through C39. The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings ( ECO) is a classification system for the opening moves in a game of chess


External links

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