Kyiv Київ Kiev
An old and a modern city. A construction crane and the towers of the Kiev Monastery of the Caves. Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Києво-Печерська лавра Kyievo-Pechers’ka lavra; Киево-Печерская лавра Kievo-Pecherskaya lavra)
Flag Coat of arms
Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted
Coordinates: 50°27′00″N 30°31′24″E / 50.45, 30.52333
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	Kiev City Municipality
Raions	List of 10 Darnytskyi Raion Desnianskyi Raion Dniprovskyi Raion Holosiivskyi Raion Obolonskyi Raion Pecherskyi Raion Podilskyi Raion Shevchenkivskyi Raion Solomianskyi Raion Sviatoshynskyi
Government
- Mayor	Leonid Chernovetskyi
Elevation	179 m (587 ft)
Population (April, 2007)
- Total	2. The Coat of Arms of Kiev ( Kyiv) features the Archangel Michael, wielding a flaming Sword and a shield on an Azure field Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Ukraine is subdivided into 24 Oblasts (provinces, one Autonomous republic, and two " cities with special status' " Darnytsia (Дарницький район Darnyts'kyi raion) is a Raion (administrative district of the Ukrainian Capital Kiev Desnianskyi Raion (Деснянський район translit Dniprovskyi Raion (Дніпровський район translit Holosiivskyi Raion (Голосіївський район translit Obolonskyi Raion (Оболонський район Obolons’kyi raion) is a historical Raion (administrative district of the Ukrainian Capital "Pechersk" and "Pecherskyi Raion" redirects here The Podil or Podilskyi Raion (Поділ Подільський район translit Shevchenkivskyi Raion (Шевченківський район translit Solomianskyi Raion (Солом'янський район translit Svyatoshyn (Святошин is a formal district and neighborhood of Ukraine capital Kiev. Leonid Chernovetskyi (Леонід Черновецький born November 25, 1951 in Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR) is the incumbent Mayor The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit 7 million (official est. )
- Density	3,299/km² (8,544. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/sq mi)
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code	01xxx-04xxx
Area code(s)	+380 44
License plate	AA (before 2004: КА,КВ,КЕ,КН,КІ,KT)
Sister cities	Ankara, Athens, Belgrade, Brussels, Budapest, Chicago, Chişinău, Edinburgh, Florence, Helsinki, Kraków, Kyoto, Leipzig, Minsk, Munich, Odense, Paris, Pretoria, Riga, Rome, Santiago de Chile, Sofia, Stockholm, Tallinn, Tampere, Tbilisi, Toronto, Toulouse, Warsaw, Wuhan, Vienna, Vilnius, Pereira, Yerevan
Website: http://www.kmr.gov.ua

Kiev, also spelled Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київ (help·info), Kyyiv, IPA: [ˈkıjiʋ]; Russian: Ки́ев (help·info), Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names), is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks A vehicle registration plate is a metal or plastic plate attached to a Motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Chişinău (kiʃi'nəw (also known as Kishinev, Кишинёв Kishinyov) is the capital and largest city of Moldova. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong Minsk (Мінск mʲinsk Минск mʲinsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The city of Odense (Danish ˈoð̞ˀn̩sə) is the fourth largest city in Denmark. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Santiago ( (litteraly in spanish Saint James) is the Capital of Chile, and the center of its largest Conurbation ( Greater Santiago Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names Tampere ( ˈtɑmpɛrɛ Swedish: Tammerfors or) is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. ( is the capital of Hubei province and is the most populous city in central People's Republic of China. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. The city of Pereira is the capital city of the Colombian department of Risaralda. Yerevan (Երևան Երեւան or Երեվան ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn sometimes written as Erevan, Iravan, Erewan, Ayrivan, and Erivan Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. KIJ is also the IATA airport code of Niigata Airport. Kyi (alt Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages I J K L Lviv --> Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. As of April 2007, official municipal estimates placed the population of Kiev at about 2. 7 million inhabitants, although some much higher unofficial estimates are often published. ^[1]

Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational and cultural centre of Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. It is home to many high-tech industries, higher education institutions and world-famous historical landmarks. Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges The city has an extensive infrastructure and highly developed system of public transport, including the Kiev Metro. The Kiev Metro (Київський метрополітен or Київське метро Киевский метрополитен Киевское метро is a metro

The name Kiev is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of four legendary founders of the city (brothers Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv and sister Lybid'). KIJ is also the IATA airport code of Niigata Airport. Kyi (alt During its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The History of Kiev (also spelled Kyiv as per Київ the largest city and the Capital of Ukraine Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The city may have been founded in the 5th century as a trading post, perhaps part of the land of the early Slavs. It gradually acquired eminence as the centre of the East Slavic civilization, becoming in the tenth to twelfth centuries a political and cultural capital of Rus', a medieval East Slavic state. Rus’ (Русь rusʲ Русичи Русы are an ancient people whose name survives in the cognates Russians, Rusyns, and Ruthenians Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasion in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. The Mongol invasion of Rus' was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223 between Subutai 's reconnaissance unit and the combined force It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbors: first the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, followed by Poland and Russia. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The city prospered again during the Russian industrial revolution in the late 19th century. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the After the turbulent period following the Russian Revolution of 1917, from 1921 onwards Kiev was an important city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, and, from 1934, its capital. Ukrainian territory was fought over by various factions after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the First World War, which added the collapse of Austria-Hungary See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its During World War II, the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years remaining the third largest city of USSR. The Eastern Front of World War II (die Ostfront 1941-1945, der Rußlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (Russian campaign or der Ostfeldzug 1941-1945 (Eastern Campaign The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian independence of 1991, Kiev remained the capital of Ukraine. The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 The territory of Ukraine was a key centre of East Slavic culture in the Middle Ages, before being divided between a variety of powers Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.

Contents 1 Environment 1.1 Geography 1.2 Climate 2 History 3 Government 3.1 Subdivisions 3.1.1 Formal subdivision 3.1.2 Informal subdivision 4 Demographics 5 Modern Kiev 5.1 Culture 5.1.1 Sports 5.1.2 Architecture 5.1.2.1 Architectural monuments 6 Transportation 6.1 Local transportation 6.2 Suburban transportation 6.3 Railways 6.4 Air transport 7 Tourism 7.1 Attractions in Kiev 8 Economy 8.1 Industrial organizations 8.2 Power production 9 Education 10 City name evolution 11 References 12 See also 13 External links

Environment

Geography

Geographically, Kiev belongs to the Polesia ecological zone (a part of the European mixed woods). However, the city's unique landscape distinguishes it from the surrounding region.

Kiev is located on both sides of the Dnieper River, which flows south through the city towards the Black Sea. For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey The older right-bank (western) part of the city is represented by numerous woody hills, ravines and small rivers. It is a part of the larger Dnieper Upland adjoining the western bank of the Dnieper in its mid-flow. Kiev expanded to the Dnieper's lowland left bank (to the east) only in the twentieth century. Significant areas of the left-bank Dnieper valley were artificially sand-deposited, and are protected by dams. A dam is a barrier that divides waters. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water while other structures such as Floodgates, Levees

The Dnieper River forms a branching system of tributaries, isles, and harbors within the city limits. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river The city is adjoined by the mouth of the Desna River and the Kiev Reservoir in the north, and the Kaniv Reservoir in the south. Desna (Десна is a River in Russia and Ukraine, left Tributary of the Dnieper. The Kiev Reservoir, or Kiev Sea (Київське водосховище Kyyivs’ke vodoskhovyshche) is a large water reservoir located on the The Kaniv Reservoir (Канівське водосховище Kanivs'ke vodoskhovyshche) is a water reservoir located on the Dnieper River in Both the Dnieper and Desna rivers are navigable at Kiev, although regulated by the reservoir shipping locks and limited by winter freeze-over. Navigation is the process of reading and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another

Climate

Kiev has a continental humid climate. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of The warmest months are June, July, and August, with mean temperatures of 13. 8 to 24. 8 °C (56. 9 to 76. 7 °F). The coldest are December, January, and February, with mean temperatures of −4. 6 to -1. 1 °C (23. 7 to 30. 0 °F). The highest ever temperature recorded in the city was 39. 4 °C (103. 0 °F) on 31 July 1936. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the city was -32. 2 °C (-26. 0 °F) on 7 & 9 February 1929. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Snow cover usually lies from mid-November to the end of March, with the frost-free period lasting 180 days on average, but surpassing 200 days in recent years. ^[2]

Weather averages for Kiev
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	11. 1 (52)	17. 3 (63)	22. 4 (72)	29. 1 (84)	33. 6 (92)	35. 0 (95)	39. 4 (103)	39. 9 (104)	33. 8 (93)	29. 5 (85)	23. 2 (74)	13. 4 (56)	39. 9 (104)
Average high °C (°F)	-2. 9 (27)	-1. 7 (29)	3. 6 (38)	12. 6 (55)	20. 3 (69)	23. 5 (74)	25. 3 (78)	24. 4 (76)	19. 3 (67)	12. 0 (54)	4. 1 (39)	-0. 8 (31)	11. 7 (53)
Average low °C (°F)	-8. 4 (17)	-7. 7 (18)	-3. 1 (26)	3. 9 (39)	10. 1 (50)	13. 3 (56)	15. 0 (59)	14. 0 (57)	9. 6 (49)	4. 3 (40)	-0. 9 (30)	-5. 4 (22)	3. 8 (39)
Record low °C (°F)	-31. 1 (-24)	-32. 2 (-26)	-24. 9 (-13)	-10. 4 (13)	-2. 4 (28)	2. 4 (36)	5. 8 (42)	3. 3 (38)	-2. 9 (27)	-17. 8 (-0)	-21. 9 (-7)	-30. 0 (-22)	-32. 2 (-26)
Precipitation mm (inches)	47 (1. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 9)	46 (1. 8)	39 (1. 5)	49 (1. 9)	53 (2. 1)	73 (2. 9)	88 (3. 5)	69 (2. 7)	47 (1. 9)	35 (1. 4)	51 (2)	52 (2)	649 (25. 6)
Source: Pogoda. ru. net[3] 8. 09. 2007

History

Main article: History of Kiev

Kiev is one of the oldest and most important cities of Eastern Europe and has played a pivotal role in the development of the medieval East Slavic civilization as well as in the modern Ukrainian nation. The History of Kiev (also spelled Kyiv as per Київ the largest city and the Capital of Ukraine Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.

Human settlement at the site of the present day city may have occurred as early as the fifth or the sixth century AD. ^[4] With the exact time of city foundation being hard to determine, May 1982 was chosen to celebrate the city's 1,500th anniversary.

During the eighth and ninth centuries, Kiev was an outpost of the Khazar empire. "Kazar" redirects here for the Marvel Comics character see Ka-Zar; for the village in Azerbaijan see Xəzər. Starting in the late ninth century Kiev was ruled by the Varangian nobility and became the nucleus of the Rus' polity, whose Golden Age (eleventh to early twelfth centuries) has from the nineteenth century become referred to as Kievan Rus'. The Varangians or Varyags ( Old Norse: Væringjar Greek: Βάραγγοι Βαριάγοι Váraggoi / Varyágoi, Ukrainian The term Golden age is best known from Greek mythology and legend but can also be found in other ancient cultures (see below Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan In 1240 the Mongol invasion of Rus led by Batu Khan completely destroyed Kiev, an event that had a profound effect on the future of the city and the East Slavic civilization. The Mongol invasion of Rus' was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223 between Subutai 's reconnaissance unit and the combined force Batu Khan (Бат Хаан Баты́й (c 1205–1255 was a Mongol ruler and the founder of the Blue Horde. The culture of ancient Rus can be divided into different historical periods of the Middle Ages. At the time of the Mongol destruction, Kiev was reputed as one of the largest cities in the world, with a population exceeding one hundred thousand.

In 1321, the greatly diminished city and surrounding area was conquered by Gediminas for the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Battle on the Irpen' River (as referred to in historic Chronicles occurred in 1321 between the armies of Gediminas, the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas (ca 1275 – winter 1341 was the Monarch of medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the title lt didysis kunigaikštis (вялікі князь The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje From 1569 the city was controlled by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as a capital of Kijów Voivodeship, transferred by then to the Polish Crown. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic The Kiev Voivodeship (Київське воєводство Województwo kijowskie was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania In the 17th century, Kiev was transferred under rule of Russia. The Tsardom of Rus' (Царство Русское was the official name for the Russian state between Ivan IV 's assumption of the title of Tsar (Emperor in 1547 In the Russian Empire Kiev was a primary Christian centre, attracting pilgrims, and the cradle of many of the empire's most important religious figures, but until the 19th century the city's commercial importance remained marginal. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya

Kiev prospered again during the late nineteenth century industrial revolution in the Russian Empire, when it became the third most important city of the Empire and the major centre of commerce of its southwest. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya In the turbulent period following the 1917 Russian Revolution, Kiev became the capital of several short-lived Ukrainian states and was caught in the middle of several conflicts: World War I, the Russian Civil War, and the Polish-Soviet War. Ukrainian territory was fought over by various factions after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the First World War, which added the collapse of Austria-Hungary See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them The Ukrainian People's Republic (Українська Народна Республіка Ukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika; also translated as the Ukrainian National World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed Kiev changed hands sixteen times from the end of 1918 to August 1920. ^[5]

From 1921 the city was a part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, a founding republic of the Soviet Union. The Eastern Front of World War II (die Ostfront 1941-1945, der Rußlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (Russian campaign or der Ostfeldzug 1941-1945 (Eastern Campaign The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Kiev was greatly affected by all the major processes that took place in Soviet Ukraine during the interwar period: the 1920s Ukrainization as well as the migration of the rural Ukrainophone population made the recently Russophone city partly Ukrainian-speaking and propped up the development of the Ukrainian cultural life in the city; the Soviet Industrialization that started in end-1920s turned the city, a former centre of commerce and religion, into a major industrial, technological and scientific centre, the 1932-1933 Great Famine devastated the part of the migrant population not registered for the ration cards, and Stalin's 1930s Great Purge almost eliminated the city's intelligentsia

In 1934 Kiev became the capital of Soviet Ukraine. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its The city boomed again during the years of the Soviet industrialization as its population grew rapidly and many industrial giants were created, some of which exist to this day.

In World War II, the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years, becoming once again the third most important city of the Soviet Union. The Eastern Front of World War II (die Ostfront 1941-1945, der Rußlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (Russian campaign or der Ostfeldzug 1941-1945 (Eastern Campaign The catastrophic accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant occurred only 100 km north of the city. The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear reactor accident in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Soviet Union. However, the prevailing northward winds blew the most substantial radioactive debris away from the city.

In the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine was proclaimed in the city by the Ukrainian parliament on August 24, 1991. The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine (Акт проголошення незалежності України was adopted by the Ukrainian parliament on August The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Верховна Рада України English: Supreme Council of Ukraine) is Ukraine 's Parliament Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Kiev is the capital of independent Ukraine. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.

Government

Main article: Legal status and local government of Kiev

The municipality of the city of Kiev has a special legal status within Ukraine compared to the other administrative subdivisions of the country. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or Ukraine is subdivided into 24 Oblasts (provinces, one Autonomous republic, and two " cities with special status' " The most significant difference is that the city is subordinated directly to the national-level branches of the Government of Ukraine, skipping the regional level authorities of Kiev Oblast. Ukraine is a Republic under a Semi-presidential system with separate Legislative, executive, and Judicial branches Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division Kiev Oblast, also written as Kyiv Oblast (Київська область translit Additionally, the Head of City Administration -- the leading executive position is held by a directly elected, rather than appointed, figure, who is also the Head of City Council -- the Mayor of Kiev, and municipal institutions have a higher level of self governance than elsewhere in Ukraine. Mayor of Kiev (Київський міський голова is the Mayor of the municipality of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine.

Subdivisions

Main article: Subdivisions of Kiev

Formal subdivision

Administratively, the city is divided into "raions" ("districts"), which have their own locally elected governments with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs. Subdivisions of Kiev (Kиїв Kyiv) the capital of Ukraine, include the formal administrative subdivision into Raions and the more detailed For the manufactured regenerated fiber see Rayon A raion (or rayon) (райо́н ra'jon rayon раён რაიონი Presently, there are 10 raions.

Informal subdivision

The Dnieper River naturally divides Kiev into the Right Bank and the Left Bank areas. For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. The Right Bank, located on the western side of the river, contains the older portions of the city, as well as the majority of Kiev's business and governmental institutions. The eastern Left Bank is predominantly residential. There are large industrial and green areas in both the Right Bank and the Left Bank.

Kiev is further informally divided into historical or territorial neighborhoods, each housing from about 5,000 to 100,000 inhabitants.

See also: Category:Neighborhoods and raions of Kiev

Demographics

Historical populations
Census	Pop.	%±
1939	846,724	N/A
1940	930,000	+9. 8%
1943	180,000	-80. 6%
1959	1,104,334	+513. 5%
1961	1,174,000	+6. 3%
1979	2,144,000	+82. 6%
1989	2,587,945	+20. 7%
2001	2,611,327	+0. 9%
2005	2,660,401	+1. 8%

As of the All-Ukrainian Census conducted on December 5, 2001, the population of Kiev is 2,611,300. The first Ukrainian Census was carried out by State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on December 5, 2001, twelve years after the last Soviet Union census Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. ^[1] The historic changes in population is shown in the side table. According to the census, men accounted for 1,219,000 persons, or 46. 7%, and women – 1,393,000 persons, or 53. 3%. Comparing the results with the previous census (1989) shows the trend of population aging which, while prevalent throughout the country, is partly offset in Kiev by the inflow of working age migrants. Population ageing (Aging Population also or population aging (see English spelling differences) occurs when the median age of a country or region

According to the census data, more than 130 nationalities and ethnic groups reside within the territory of Kiev. Ukrainians constitute the largest ethnic group in Kiev, and they account for 2,110,800 people, or 82. 2% of the population. Russians comprise 337,300 (13. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries 1%), Jews - 17,900 (0. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ 7%), Belarusians - 16,500 (0. Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also 6%), Poles - 6,900 (0. The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. 3%), Armenians - 4,900 (0. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large 2%), Azerbaijanis - 2,600 (0. The Azerbaijanis are an Ethnic group mainly in the Republic of Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. 1%), Tatars - 2,500 (0. Tatars ( Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic -speaking ethnic group or multiple ethnic groups 1%), Georgians - 2,400 (0. The Georgians (ქართველები kartvelebi) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus, the oldest group of the 1%), Moldovans - 1,900 (0. Moldovans, or Moldavians (original name Moldoveni; Молдовень in the Moldovan Cyrillic script, used nowadays only in Transnistria 1%).

Both Ukrainian and Russian are commonly spoken in the city, with Russian being more widely used despite the fact that Ukrainian is claimed as their native language by almost three times as many residents as those who claim Russian. Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages ^[6] According to a 2006 survey, Ukrainian is used at home by 23% of Kievans, as 52% use Russian and 24% switch between both. ^[7]

Some 1,069,700 people have higher or completed secondary education, a significant increase of 21. 7% since 1989.

The latest (April, 2007) municipal estimate of the city population is of 2. 7 million residents. ^[1] Other much higher estimates are often published. For instance, the amount of bakery products sold in the city (thus including temporary visitors and commuters) gives a minimum of 3. 5 million people (June, 2007). ^[1]

Modern Kiev

Modern Kiev is a mix of the old and the new, seen in everything from the architecture to the stores and to the people themselves. Experiencing great population growth between the 1970s and the mid-'90s, the city has continued its consistent growth after the turn of the millennium. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 As a result, Kiev's "downtown" is a dotted contrast of new, modern buildings amongst the pale yellows, blues and grays of older apartments. Urban sprawl has gradually reduced, while population densities of suburbs has increased. The most expensive properties are located in the Pechersk, and Khreschatyk areas. "Pechersk" and "Pecherskyi Raion" redirects here Khreschatyk (Хрещатик Khreshchatyk; Крещатик Kreshchatik) is the main street of Kiev, Ukraine. It is also prestigious to own a property in newly constructed buildings in the Kharkivskyi Raion or Obolon along the Dnieper. Kharkivskyi neighborhood, in Kiev, Ukraine, often referred to as Kharkivskyi masyv (Харківський масив was first developed between Obolonskyi Raion (Оболонський район Obolons’kyi raion) is a historical Raion (administrative district of the Ukrainian Capital

Ukrainian independence at the turn of the millennium has heralded other changes. Western-style residential complexes, modern nightclubs, classy restaurants and prestigious hotels opened in the centre. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark Music from Europe and North America started appearing on Ukrainian music charts. And most importantly, with the easing of the visa rules in 2005,^[8] Ukraine is positioning itself as a prime tourist attraction, with Kiev, among the other large cities, looking to profit from new opportunities. The centre of Kiev has been cleaned up and buildings have been restored and redecorated, especially the Khreschatyk street and the Independence Square. Khreschatyk (Хрещатик Khreshchatyk; Крещатик Kreshchatik) is the main street of Kiev, Ukraine. Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Майдан Незалежності literally Independence Square) is the central square of Kiev, the capital city of Ukraine Many historic areas of Kiev, such as Andriyivskyy Descent, have become popular street vendor locations, where one can find traditional Ukrainian art, religious items, books, game sets (most commonly chess) as well as jewelry for sale. Andriyivskyy Descent (Андріївський узвіз translit Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. Jewellery (also spelled jewelry, see spelling differences) is a personal Ornament, such as a necklace ring or bracelet made from Gemstones ^[9]

Culture

A historic cultural centre of the East Slavic civilization and a major cradle of Christianization for what became the Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian nations, Kiev retained through centuries its cultural importance and even at times of relative decay, it remained the centre of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity of the primary importance. The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. The Christianization of Kievan Rus' took place in several stages Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Its holy sites, of which the Kiev Pechersk Lavra (the Monastery of the Caves) and the Saint Sophia Cathedral are probably the most famous, attracted pilgrims for centuries and now recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites remain the primary religious centres as well as the major tourist attraction. Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Києво-Печерська лавра Kyievo-Pechers’ka lavra; Киево-Печерская лавра Kievo-Pecherskaya lavra) Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev ( Собор Святої Софії Sobor Sviatoyi Sofiyi or Софійський собор Sofiys’kyi sobor, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

An important part of Kiev's culture is the many theatres in the city, which include: Kiev Opera House, Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater, Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater of Russian Drama, the Kiev Puppet Theater, October Palace, National Philharmonic of Ukraine and many others. The Kiev Opera group was formally established in the summer of 1867 and is the third oldest in Ukraine after Odessa Opera and Lviv Opera. Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater of Russian Drama (also referred to as Lesya Ukrainka Theater) is a Theater in Kiev, Ukraine. The October Palace (Жовтневий палац Zhovtneny palats) in Kiev, Ukraine was designed by architect Vikentiy Beretti in the National Philharmonic Society of Ukraine (Національна Філармонія України often referred to as Kiev Philharmonic and National Philharmonic

Other cultural items include the Dovzhenko Film Studios, and the Kiev Circus. The Dovzhenko Film Studios (Національна кіностудія художніх фільмів імені О The most important of the city's many museums are the Kiev State Historical Museum, Museum of the Great Patriotic War, the National Art Museum, the Museum of Western and Oriental Art and the National Museum of Russian art. The National Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 years (Національний музей історії Великої Вітчизняної Війни The National Art Museum of Ukraine (Національний Художній Музей України is a Museum dedicated to Ukrainian Art in Kiev, Museum of Western and Oriental Art in Kiev, also known as the Bogdan and Varvara Khanenko Museum of Art (Музей Мистецтв ім

In 2005 Kiev hosted the 50th annual Eurovision Song Contest as a result of Ruslana's Wild Dances being victorious in 2004. The Eurovision Song Contest 2005 was the 50th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, which was held at the Palace of Sports, Kiev, Ukraine Wild Dances is a 2004 Studio album by the Ukrainian Singer and winner of the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest Ruslana.

See also: Category:Kiev city culture

Sports

Football is the most popular spectator sport in Kiev, followed by basketball and ice hockey. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. Kiev has many professional and amateur football clubs, including the Arsenal and Dynamo, which both play in the top division of the Ukrainian Premier League. FC Arsenal Kyiv (ФК "Арсенал" Київ is a professional football club in the Ukrainian capital of Kiev. FC Dynamo Kyiv (ФК Динамо Київ FK Dynamo Kyiv; Динамо Киев Dinamo Kiev) is a professional football Club from the History See also Soviet Top League See also Ukrainian Soviet competitions The league emerged and was established after the collapse of the Union History See also Soviet Top League See also Ukrainian Soviet competitions The league emerged and was established after the collapse of the Union Other less prominent sport clubs in the city include: the FC Obolon Kyiv soccer club, the HC Sokil Kyiv hockey club and BC Kyiv basketball club. FC Obolon Kyiv is a Ukrainian football club based in Kyiv. Plays home matches at Obolon Stadium.

During the 1980 Summer Olympics held in the Soviet Union, Kiev held the preliminary matches and the quarter-finals of the football tournament at its Olympic Stadium, reconstructed for the event. The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Moscow in the Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Olimpiysky National Sports Complex (also known as Olympic Stadium, Republican Stadium or Central Stadium; Національний спортивний The stadium is the largest of Ukrainian stadiums, as well as among Kiev's 15 stadiums/sport complexes. Initially constructed for audience of 100,000, following the installation of individual seats it can now accommodate 83,053 spectators. ^[2] Other notable sport stadiums/sport complexes in Kiev include the Lobanovsky Dynamo Stadium, the Palace of Sports, among many others. Lobanovsky Dynamo Stadium is a multi-use Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine. The Kiev Palace of Sports is situated in the center of Kiev, Ukraine on the right bank of the Dnieper river.

Kiev does not only host field games and indoor sports, but also aquatic sports, which take place on the Kiev Reservoir at Vyshhorod, and on Trukhaniv Island in the Dnieper river, opposite the city centre, where there are many fine beaches and recreational facilities. The Kiev Reservoir, or Kiev Sea (Київське водосховище Kyyivs’ke vodoskhovyshche) is a large water reservoir located on the Vyshhorod (Вишгород is a city in the Kiev Oblast ( province) in central Ukraine. Trukhaniv Island (Труханів острів translit: Trukhaniv ostriv) is an island located on the Dnipro River opposite the historic ^[2] In addition to that, cross country bicycling is another favourite sport, also taking place on the Trukhaniv Island.

Together with a few other cities of Poland and Ukraine, Kiev will house the 2012 UEFA European Football Championship. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The 2012 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as Euro 2012, will be the 14th European Championship for national football teams Three group matches, a quarter final and the final are scheduled to be played at Kiev NSK Olimpiyskyi stadium. The Olimpiysky National Sports Complex (also known as Olympic Stadium, Republican Stadium or Central Stadium; Національний спортивний

See also: Category:Sport in Kiev

Architecture

Probably, Kiev's most famous historical architecture complexes are the St. Sophia Cathedral and the Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Monastery of the Caves), which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev ( Собор Святої Софії Sobor Sviatoyi Sofiyi or Софійський собор Sofiys’kyi sobor, Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Києво-Печерська лавра Kyievo-Pechers’ka lavra; Киево-Печерская лавра Kievo-Pecherskaya lavra) United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

Noteworthy historical architectural landmarks also include the Mariyinsky Palace (designed and constructed from 1745 to 1752, then reconstructed in 1870), several Orthodox churches such as St. Michael's Cathedral, St. Andrew's, St. Vladimir's, the reconstructed Golden Gate and others. Mariyinsky Palace (Маріїнський палац Mariyins'kyi palats) in Kiev is a picturesque Baroque Palace on the hilly bank St Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery (Михайлівський золотоверхий монастир translit The Saint Andrew's Church or sometimes the Cathedral of Saint Andrew (Андрiївська церква Андреевская церковь is a major Baroque St Volodymyr's Cathedral (Патріарший кафедральний собор св The Golden Gate of Kiev (Золоті ворота Zoloti vorota, literally 'golden gate' is a historic gateway in the ancient city walls of Kiev, the

One of Kiev's widely recognized modern landmarks is the highly visible giant Mother Motherland statue standing at the Museum of the Great Patriotic War on the Right bank of the Dnieper River. The National Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 years (Національний музей історії Великої Вітчизняної Війни For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. Other notable sites is the cylindrical Salut hotel, located across from Glory Square and the eternal flame at the World War Two memorial Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. An eternal flame is a flame or torch that burns constantly The flame that burned constantly at Delphi, was an archaic feature "alien to the ordinary Greek temple" Throughout history many Soldiers have died in wars without their remains being identified

Among Kiev's best-known monuments are Mikeshin's statue of Bohdan Khmelnytsky astride his horse located near St. Sophia Cathedral, the venerated Vladimir the Great (St. Mikhail Osipovich Mikeshin (1835 — 1896 was a Russian artist who regularly worked for the Romanov family and designed a number of outdoor statues in the major cities Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmel'nyts'kyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev ( Собор Святої Софії Sobor Sviatoyi Sofiyi or Софійський собор Sofiys’kyi sobor, Saint Vladimir Svyatoslavich the Great ( Old Russian: Володимеръ Святославичь, c Vladimir), the baptizer of Rus', overlooking the river above Podil, the monument to Kyi, Schek and Khoryv and Lybid, the legendary founders of the city located at the Dnieper embankment. The Christianization of Kievan Rus' took place in several stages The Podil or Podilskyi Raion (Поділ Подільський район translit KIJ is also the IATA airport code of Niigata Airport. Kyi (alt On Independence Square in the city centre, two tall columns elevate two modern monuments of the city protectors; the historic protector of Kiev Michael Archangel and a modern invention, the goddess-protector Berehynia. Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Майдан Незалежності literally Independence Square) is the central square of Kiev, the capital city of Ukraine Michael (מִיכָאֵל Micha'el or Mîkhā'ēl; Μιχαήλ Mikhaíl; Michael or Míchaël; ميخائيل Mikhā'īl) is an A Berehynia or Bereginia (Берегиня is a female spirit ( Vila) in Slavic mythology, which notably came to be regarded as a "

See also: Category:Buildings and structures in Kiev

Architectural monuments

St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral, 1998 reconstruction. St Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery (Михайлівський золотоверхий монастир translit	Holy Dormition Cathedral of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, post-1991 reconstruction. Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Києво-Печерська лавра Kyievo-Pechers’ka lavra; Киево-Печерская лавра Kievo-Pecherskaya lavra)	St. Andrew's Church. The Saint Andrew's Church or sometimes the Cathedral of Saint Andrew (Андрiївська церква Андреевская церковь is a major Baroque	St. Sophia Cathedral. Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev ( Собор Святої Софії Sobor Sviatoyi Sofiyi or Софійський собор Sofiys’kyi sobor,
St. Volodymyr's Cathedral. St Volodymyr's Cathedral (Патріарший кафедральний собор св	Church of Bohoroditsa Pirogoscha in the Podil raion, 1998 reconstruction	Monument to Princess Olga	Golden Gate (Zoloti Vorota), 1982 reconstruction. The Podil or Podilskyi Raion (Поділ Подільський район translit Saint Olga (Ольга also called Olga Prekrasa (Ольга Прекраса or Olga the Beauty, Old Norse: Helga; born c The Golden Gate of Kiev (Золоті ворота Zoloti vorota, literally 'golden gate' is a historic gateway in the ancient city walls of Kiev, the
Verkhovna Rada building, the Ukrainian parliament.	National Opera of Ukraine. The Kiev Opera group was formally established in the summer of 1867 and is the third oldest in Ukraine after Odessa Opera and Lviv Opera.	National Bank of Ukraine. National Bank of Ukraine (Національний банк України is the Central bank of Ukraine.	"House With Chimaeras"

Transportation

Local transportation

Public transportation in Kiev includes the metro (underground), buses, trolleybuses and trams. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train The publicly owned and operated Kiev Metro system is the fastest, the most convenient and affordable network that covers most, but not all, of the city. The Kiev Metro (Київський метрополітен or Київське метро Киевский метрополитен Киевское метро is a metro The metro is continuously expanding towards the city limits to meet growing demand, while the other kinds of public transport are not that well maintained. In particular, the public bus service has an unreliable schedule. Public electric trolleybus and tram lines are more reliable, but have aged equipment and are underfunded. The historic tram system, which once was a well maintained and widely used method of transport, is now gradually being phased out in favor of buses and trolleybuses. The Kiev tram (Київський трамвай translit: Kyivs’kyi tramvai) which serves the Ukrainian capital city of Kiev, was

One unique mode of public transportation Kiev has is the funicular, that climbs up the steep right bank of the Dnieper River. The Kiev Funicular (Київський фунікулер translit For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. It transports 10,000-15,000 passengers daily.

All public road transport in Kiev is operated by the united Kyivpastrans^[10] municipal company. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or It is heavily subsidized by the city as large groups of passengers (pensioners, etc. ) are granted free service on its lines.

The Kiev public transport system uses a simple tariff system regardless of distance travelled: tickets for ground transportation must be purchased each time a vehicle boarded. Discount passes are available for scholars and students. Pensioners use public transportation free. Monthly passes, which are sold at the price of 60 rides, are also available in all combinations of public transportation: metro, bus, trolley, tram.

Recently, privately owned minibuses, marshrutkas, have appeared on Kiev streets. Marshrutka ( Bulgarian, маршру́тка mɘr'ʂrutkɘ from marshrutnoye taksi (Mаршрутное такси is a Share taxi in They provide good coverage of smaller residential streets and have convenient routes. Minibuses take fewer passengers, run faster, stop on demand and are more available, although with an increased frequency of accidents. Ticket price and itinerary of private minibuses are regulated by the city government, and the cost of one ride, while higher than on public buses, is still far lower than in Western Europe.

The taxi market in Kiev is expansive but not adequately regulated. A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride In particular, the taxi fare per kilometer is not regulated. There is strong competition between private taxi companies. Many allow scheduling a pick-up by phone. Also, it is quite common for a local with a car (or even people from other parts of Ukraine) to provide taxi service on the ad hoc basis. Traffic jams and lack of parking space are growing problems for taxi services in Kiev. Current regulations allow for parking on pavements, which pedestrians may find inconvenient.

Suburban transportation

Suburban transportation is provided by buses and short-range trains (elektrichkas). Elektrichka (электри́чка електри́чка elektrychka) is an informal word for elektropoyezd (электропо́езд a Soviet or There are a few bus stations inside the city providing suburban transportation. Private minibuses (marshrutkas) provide faster and more frequent suburban service, currently winning the competition against large buses.

Elektrichkas are serviced by the publicly owned Ukrzaliznytsia company. Ukrzaliznytsia (Укрзалізниця is the national state-owned Railway company of Ukraine. The suburban train service is fast, and unbeatably safe in terms of traffic accidents. But the trains are not reliable, as they may fail significantly behind schedule, may not be safe in terms of crime, and the elektrichka cars are poorly maintained and are overcrowded in rush hours. Rush hour at Shinjuku 02JPG|thumb|right|250px|Rush hour at Shinjuku Station, Yamanote Line]] A rush hour or peak hour is a part of the day during which

There are 5 elektrichka directions from Kiev:

• Nizhyn (north-eastern)
• Hrebinka (south-eastern)
• Myronivka (southern)
• Fastiv (south-western)
• Korosten (western)

More than a dozen of elektrichka stops are located within the city allowing residents of different neighborhoods to use the suburban trains. Nizhyn (Ніжин Нежин Nezhin) is a city located in the Chernihiv Oblast of northern Ukraine, along the Oster River, 150 km north-east Hrebinka (Гребінка Гребенка is a city in Poltava Oblast, Ukraine. Myronivka (Миронівка is a city in Kiev Oblast ( province) of Ukraine. Fastiv (Фастів Fastiv, Фастов Fastov) is a City located in the Kiev Oblast ( province) in central Ukraine. Korosten (Коростень translit Korosten’) is a historic City in the Zhytomyr Oblast ( province) of northern Ukraine

The previously extensive riverboat service along the Dnieper featuring the Meteor and Raketa hydrofoil ships is no longer available, limiting Kiev's river transport to cargo and tour boats and private pleasure craft. The Kiev River Port (Київський Річковий Вокзал translit

Railways

Railways are Kiev’s main mode of intracity transportation. Ukrzaliznytsia (Укрзалізниця is the national state-owned Railway company of Ukraine. The city has a developed railroad infrastructure including a long-distance passenger station, 6 cargo stations, depots, and repairing facilities. However, this system still fails to meet the demand for passenger service. Particularly, the Kiev Passenger Railway Station is the city's only long-distance passenger terminal (vokzal). Kiev Passenger Railway Station ("Київ-Пасажирський" Kyiv-Passazhyrs’kyi) is Kiev 's main passenger railway station serving Construction is underway for a new Darnytsia Railway Station on the left-bank part of Kiev, which may ease traffic at the central station. Darnytsia Railway Station (Дарницький вокзал Darnyts’kyi vokzal) will be a future railroad station in the administrative ^[11] Bridges over the Dnieper River are another problem restricting the development of city’s railway system. This article deals with the bridges in Kiev over the Dnieper River Presently, only one rail bridge out of two is available for intense train traffic. A new combined rail-auto bridge is under construction, as a part of Darnytsia project.

Air transport

Air passengers arrive in Kiev through one of two airports: the Boryspil Airport which is served by many international airlines, and the smaller Zhulyany Airport, serving mostly domestic flights and limited flights to nearby countries. Boryspil International Airport is an international Airport located near the city of Boryspil, 29 km east of Kyiv. Kiev (Zhuliany International Airport ( Ukrainian: Міжнародний аеропорт "Київ" (Жуляни) is one of the two passenger The international passenger terminal at Boryspil is small, yet modern. Its international terminal was expanded in 2006. There is a separate terminal for domestic flights within walking distance. Passengers flying to other countries from Ukraine usually travel through Boryspil, as other airports in Ukraine such as Donetsk, Simferopol, Odessa, provide very limited international connections. There is also Gostomel cargo airport in Kiev's north-western suburb of Hostomel. Hostomel Airport (aka Antonov Airport, Kiev Airport (Antonov; Ukrainian: Аеропорт „Антонов” is an international cargo Airport Hostomel, also known as Gostomel ( Ukrainian: Гостомель Hostomel'; Russian: Гостомель Gostomel') is a town in

Kiev is notable in the world of aviation industry as the headquarters for Antonov aircraft manufacturing company. Antonov, or Antonov Aeronautical Scientific/Technical Complex ( Antonov ASTC) (Авіаційний науково-технічний комплекс імені Антонова

See also: Category:Transport in Kiev

Tourism

Attractions in Kiev

It is said that one can walk from one end of Kiev to the other in the summertime without leaving the shade of its many trees. Most characteristic are the horse-chestnuts (Ukrainian: каштани, kashtany). Aesculus hippocastanum is a large Deciduous Tree, commonly known as Horse-chestnut or Conker tree. Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages.

Kiev is known as a green city with two botanical gardens and numerous large and small parks. There are several Botanical Gardens in Kiev, the Capital of Ukraine. The green nature of the city is probably most notable by the green hills of the right bank along the Dnieper river that have been relatively untouched by development. The World War II Museum is located here, which offers both indoor and outdoor displays of military history and equipment surrounded by verdant hills overlooking the Dnieper river. The National Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 years (Національний музей історії Великої Вітчизняної Війни

Among the numerous islands, Venetsianskyi (or Hidropark) is the most developed. Hidropark (Гідропарк is a Park on the Dnieper River in Kiev, Ukraine. It is accessible by metro or by car, and includes an amusement park, swimming beaches, boat rentals, and night clubs. The Victory Park (Park Peremohy) located near Darnytsia subway station is a popular destination for strollers, joggers, and cyclists.

Boating, fishing, and water sports are popular pastimes in Kiev. The area lakes and rivers freeze over in the winter and ice fishermen are a frequent sight, as are children with their ice skates. However, the peak of summer draws out a greater mass of people to the shores for swimming or sunbathing, with daytime high temperatures sometimes reaching 30 to 34 °C (86–93 °F). The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724

The centre of Kiev (Independence Square and Khreschatyk Street) becomes a large outdoor party place at night during summer months, with thousands of people having a good time in nearby restaurants, clubs and outdoor cafes. Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Майдан Незалежності literally Independence Square) is the central square of Kiev, the capital city of Ukraine Khreschatyk (Хрещатик Khreshchatyk; Крещатик Kreshchatik) is the main street of Kiev, Ukraine. The central streets are closed for auto traffic on weekends and holidays.

A wide variety of farm produce is available in many of Kiev's farmer markets with the Besarabsky Market located in the very centre of the city being most famous. The Besarabsky Market (Бесарабський ринок translit Each residential region has its own market, or rynok. Here one will find table after table of individuals hawking everything imaginable: vegetables, fresh and smoked meats, fish, cheese, honey, dairy products such as milk and home-made smetana (sour cream), caviar, cut flowers, housewares, tools and hardware, and clothing. Caviar is the processed, Salted Roe of certain species of Fish, most notably the Sturgeon ( black caviar) and the Each of the markets has its own unique mix of products with some markets devoted solely to specific wares such as automobiles, car parts, pets, clothing, flowers, etc. . There is also a popular book market by the Petrivka metro station. Petrivka (Петрівка Петровка is a station on Kiev Metro 's Kurenivsko-Chervonoarmiyska Line.

At the city's southern outskirts, near the historic Pyrohiv village, there is an outdoor museum, officially called the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of Ukraine It has an area of 1. An open air museum is a distinct type of Museum exhibiting its collections out-of-doors 5 square kilometres (1 sq mi). This territory houses several "mini-villages" that represent by region the traditional rural architecture of Ukraine.

Kiev also has numerous recreational attractions like bowling alleys, go-cart tracks, paintball venues, billiard halls and even shooting ranges. 100-year-old Kiev Zoo is located on 40 hectares and carries over 2,000 specimens. The Kiev Zoo (Київський Зоопарк Kyivskyi Zoopark) is one of the biggest Zoos in the former Soviet Union and the only zoo in Kiev

See also: Category:Visitor attractions in Kiev

Economy

Kiev, as the capital of Ukraine, is a major administrative centre housing amongst others ministries responsible for the economy of the country. Factories in Kiev are found in all parts of the city, with a major concentration of industrial organizations to the west of the city centre and on the left bank of the Dnieper River.

See also: Category:Economy of Kiev, Economy of Ukraine

Industrial organizations

The Kiev engineering plants manufacture their equipment utilizing metal from the iron and steel areas of Dnipropetrovshchyna and the Donbas coalfield. The economy of Ukraine is an emerging Free market, with a Gross domestic product that has experienced rapid growth in recent years Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (Дніпропетровська область Dnipropetrovs’ka oblast’ or Дніпропетровщина Dnipropetrovshchyna) Donets Basin, also known as Donbas or Donbass (Донецький басейн usually abbreviated to Донбас translit These plants in Kiev make equipment for chemical plants, such as conveyor lines for vulcanized rubber, linoleum, fertilizer factories, and also metal-cutting machines. Vulcanization (or Vulcanisation refers to a specific curing process of Rubber involving high heat and the addition of Sulfur or other equivalent curatives Linoleum is a Floor covering made from solidified Linseed oil (linoxyn in combination with Wood flour or cork dust over a Burlap or Canvas Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant Other engineering products of Kiev area include aircraft (see: Antonov), hydraulic elevators, electrical instruments, armatures, river-and-sea crafts, motorcycles, and cinematography equipment. Antonov, or Antonov Aeronautical Scientific/Technical Complex ( Antonov ASTC) (Авіаційний науково-технічний комплекс імені Антонова

Another important sector is the chemical industry, which produces resin products, fertilizers, plastics, and chemical fibers, made at the Darnytsky Raion viscose plant on the left bank of Kiev. Darnytsia (Дарницький район Darnyts'kyi raion) is a Raion (administrative district of the Ukrainian Capital Kiev Viscose is a Viscous organic liquid used to make Rayon and Cellophane. Lumber milling and the production of bricks and reinforced concrete items are another well developed industry. Consumer manufactured goods include cameras (see: Kiev-Arsenal (photo camera), thermos flasks, knitwear, footwear, a range of foodstuffs, and hand watches. Kiev-Arsenal is a Soviet brand of Camera manufactured by the Arsenal Factory in Kiev, Ukraine. Kiev is also a large publishing centre.

Power production

Kiev is supplied by electricity primary from the Kiev Hydroelectric Power Station, completed in 1968, just upstream of the city at Vyshhorod, on the Kiev Reservoir, and from Trypillia thermal electric station. Vyshhorod (Вишгород is a city in the Kiev Oblast ( province) in central Ukraine. The Kiev Reservoir, or Kiev Sea (Київське водосховище Kyyivs’ke vodoskhovyshche) is a large water reservoir located on the Trypillia (Трипiлля Триполье Tripolye) is a village in Ukraine in Kiev Oblast with 2800 inhabitants (as of 1 January Following the Chernobyl accident the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant located 100 km north of Kiev has been closed. The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear reactor accident in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Soviet Union. The VI Lenin Memorial Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station (Чернобыльская АЭС им Kiev also receives its power supply in the form of natural gas, piped from Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhhorod pipeline. Urengoy (Уренго́й is an Urban-type settlement in Purovsky District of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Uzhhorod (Ужгород Уґоград Ужгород or Унґвар Ungvár Slovak and Czech: Užhorod; Użgorod Ungwar Ungarisch Burg אונגװיר

Education

Kiev hosts many universities, the major ones being Kiev National Taras Shevchenko University,^[12] the National Technical University "Kiev Polytechnic Institute",^[13] and the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Kiev University or officially the National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv (Київський національний університет ім The National Technical University of Ukraine “Kiev Polytechnic Institute (KPI” (Національний технічний університет України “Київський National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy ( NaUKMA) (Національний університет «Києво-Могилянська академія» (НаУКМА ^[14] The total number of institutions of higher education in Kiev approaches 200,^[15] allowing young people to pursue almost any line of study.

There are about 500 general secondary schools, evening schools for adults, and specialist technical schools. Scientific research is conducted in many of the institutes of the higher education and, additionally, in many research institutes affiliated with the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences^[16] and several of Ukrainian industrial ministries. A research institute is an establishment endowed for doing Research. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Національна академія наук України Natsional’na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny) is the highest state research The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (Кабінет Міністрів України is the highest body of state Executive power in Ukraine and serves as the Kiev is also noted for its research in medicine and computer science.

There are many libraries in the city with the Vernadsky library affiliated with the Academy of Science being the largest and most important one. The VI Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (Національна бібліотека України імені В ^[17]

See also: Category:Education in Kiev

City name evolution

Currently, Kiev is the traditional and most commonly used English name for the city,^[18] but since the 1995 adoption of Kyiv by the Ukrainian government as a preferred spelling, the Ukrainianized version Kyiv is gaining usage. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages.

As a prominent city with a long history, its English name was subject to gradual evolution. The early English spelling was derived from Old East Slavic form Kyjevъ (Cyrillic: Къıєвъ^[19]), derived from Kyi (Cyrillic: Кий), the legendary founder of the city. Old East Slavic, also known as Old Russian (древнерусский or Old Ruthenian, was a vernacular literary language used from the 10th to the 14th centuries The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by KIJ is also the IATA airport code of Niigata Airport. Kyi (alt The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by KIJ is also the IATA airport code of Niigata Airport. Kyi (alt

Early English sources use various names, including Kiou, Kiow, Kiew, Kiovia. On one of the oldest English maps of the region, Russiae, Moscoviae et Tartariae published by Ortelius (London, 1570) the name of the city is spelled Kiou. Abraham Ortelius ( Abraham Ortels) ( April 2, 1527 – June 28, 1598) was a Belgian Cartographer and On the 1650 map by Guillaume de Beauplan, the name of the city is Kiiow, and the region was named Kÿowia. In the book Travels, by Joseph Marshall (London, 1772), the city is referred to as Kiovia. ^[20] While the choice of these spellings have likely been influenced by the Polish name of the city (Polish: Kijów) as until mid-seventeenth century the city was controlled by Poland, the name Kiev [ˈkijef] that started to take hold at later times, likely originates on the basis of Russian orthography and pronunciation [ˈkijef], during a time when Kiev was in the Russian Empire (since 1708 a centre of a Governorate). A Polish personal name, like names in most European cultures consists of two main elements imię, or the Given name, followed by nazwisko Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya A Governorate is an Administrative division of a country It is headed by a Governor.

In English, Kiev was used in print as early as in 1804 in the John Cary's "New map of Europe, from the latest authorities" in "Cary's new universal atlas" published in London. John Cary (circa 1754-1835 was an 18th century English Cartographer. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The English travelogue titled New Russia: Journey from Riga to the Crimea by way of Kiev, by Mary Holderness was published in 1823. ^[21] By 1883, the Oxford English Dictionary included Kiev in a quotation. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English Kiev is also based on the old Ukrainian language spelling of the city name and was used by Ukrainians and their ancestors from the time of Kievan Rus until only about the last century. Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan ^[22]

Kyiv ([ˈkɪjiw]) is the romanized version of the name of the city used in modern Ukrainian. In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Starting from the twentieth century it has been used in English-language publications of the Ukrainian diaspora and in some academic publications concerning Ukraine. The term Ukrainian diaspora refers to the global community of ethnic Ukrainians, usually more specifically those who maintain some kind of connection even if ephemeral Following the independence in 1991, the Ukrainian government introduced the national rules for transliteration of geographic names from Ukrainian into English. The romanization or latinization of Ukrainian is the representation of the Ukrainian language using Latin letters. According to the rules, Ukrainian Київ transliterates into Kyiv. This has established the use of the spelling Kyiv in all official documents issued by the governmental authorities since October 1995. The spelling is used by the United Nations, all English-speaking foreign diplomatic missions,^[23] several international organizations^[24], Encarta encyclopedia, and by some media, notably in Canada and Ukraine. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one State or an international Inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in Encarta is a Digital Multimedia Encyclopedia published by Microsoft Corporation. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page ^[25] On October 3, 2006, the United States federal government changed its official spelling of the city name to Kyiv. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[26] The proponents of Kyiv are using different ways to promote this spelling. In February 2008 Kyiv was competing for a spot in new Monopoly World Edition game board. Monopoly is a Board game published by Parker Brothers, a subsidiary of Hasbro. The internet voting organized by Monopoly's producer, Hasbro has attracted attention of Ukrainian net users. Hasbro ( is an American Toy company It is one of the largest toy makers in the world second only to the toy giant Mattel. ^[27]

The alternate romanizations Kyyiv (BGN/PCGN transliteration) and Kyjiv (scholarly) are also in use in English-language atlases. Most major English-language news sources continue to use Kiev.

See also: Romanization of Ukrainian and Romanization of Russian

References

See also

• 1961 Kurenivka mudslide in Kiev

External links

Preceded by Istanbul 2004

Eurovision Song Contest Hosts Kyiv 2005

Succeeded by Athens 2006

On March 13, 1961, a large-scale Mudslide with numerous fatalities took place in Ukraine ’s capital city of Kiev ( Kyiv Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. The Christian Science Monitor (CSM is an international Newspaper published daily Monday through Friday Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey The Eurovision Song Contest 2004, the 49th in the series was held in the Abdi İpekçi Arena in Istanbul, Turkey, with the final on 15 The Eurovision Song Contest 2005 was the 50th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, which was held at the Palace of Sports, Kiev, Ukraine The Eurovision Song Contest 2005 was the 50th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, which was held at the Palace of Sports, Kiev, Ukraine Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's The Eurovision Song Contest 2006 was the 51st Eurovision Song Contest, held at the OAKA Indoor Hall in Athens, Greece on the

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