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Kielce
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country | |||
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie | ||
| County | city county | ||
| Established | 11th century | ||
| Town rights | 1364 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Wojciech Lubawski | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 109. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (województwo świętokrzyskie or simply Świętokrzyskie) is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces into which Poland A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 65 km² (42. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 3 sq mi) | ||
| Highest elevation | 408 m (1,339 ft) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 260 m (853 ft) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - City | 207,718 | ||
| - Density | 1,894. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/km² (4,906. 4/sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 327,862 | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 25-001 to 25-900 | ||
| Area code(s) | +48 41 | ||
| Car plates | TK | ||
| Website: http://www.um.kielce.pl | |||
Kielce [ˈkjɛlt͡sɛ] (
listen) is a city in central Poland with 202,609 inhabitants (2006). A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks In common with many Countries, Polish car number plates indicate the Region of Registration of the Vehicle encoded in the number plate Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland It is also the capital city of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Voivodeship) since 1999, previously in Kielce Voivodeship (1919–1939, 1945–1998). Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (województwo świętokrzyskie or simply Świętokrzyskie) is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces into which Poland Kielce Voivodeship (województwo kieleckie is a former unit of administrative division and local government in Poland. The city is located in the middle of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), at the banks of Silnica river. Świętokrzyskie Mountains ( Holy Cross Mountains) ( Polish,) are a Mountain range in central Poland, in the vicinity of the city of Once an important centre of limestone mining, Kielce is now a centre of trade and commerce. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3
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The area of Kielce has been inhabitated at least since 5th century BC. Until 6th or 7th century the banks of the Silnica were inhabitated by Kelts who most probably were the name-sake for the location. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts They were driven out by a Slavic tribe of Vistulans who started hunting in the nearby huge forests and had settled most of the area now known as Malopolska and present-day Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Vistulans (Wiślanie were a Lechitic tribe inhabiting since at least the 7th century, lands known today as Lesser Poland. Lesser Poland (also "Little Poland" Polish: Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland The lands of Wiślanie were at first subdued by Bohemia, however they soon came under the power of the Piast dynasty and became a part of Poland. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Piast dynasty is the name used since the 17th century for Polish Royal Dynasty that ruled Poland from its beginnings as Duchy ruled by Mieszko According to a local legend, Mieszko, son of Boleslaus II of Poland was attacked by a band of brigands in a forest. Bolesław II the Bold ( Polish: Bolesław Śmiały, also known as Szczodry, "the Generous" and Okrutny, "the Cruel" He was saved by a vision of Saint Adalbert. Saint Adalbert may refer to Adalbert of Prague Adalbert of Magdeburg Adalbert of Egmond In the place of his vision he erected a wooden church.
In reality the area of the Holy Cross Mountains was almost unpopulated until 11th century when the first hunters established permanent settlements at the outskirts of the mountains. Świętokrzyskie Mountains ( Holy Cross Mountains) ( Polish,) are a Mountain range in central Poland, in the vicinity of the city of They needed a place to trade furs and meat for grain and other necessary products and so the market of Kielce was formed. In early 12th century the new settlement became a property of the Bishops of Kraków who built a wooden church and a manor. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland In 1171 a stone church was erected by bishop Gedeon Gryf. At the times of Wincenty Kadłubek a parochial school in Kielce was started in 1229. Blessed Wincenty Kadłubek (1161 &ndash March 8, 1223) also known as Vincent Kadlubek Vincent Kadlubo Vincent Kadlubko Vincent of Kraków, Master By 1295 the town was awarded with the city rights. 'City rights' redirects here See also Municipal charter. Town privileges were important features of European Towns during In mid-13th century the town was destroyed by Mongol invasion of Ögedei Khan, but it quickly recovered. Ögedei Khan, (Өгэдэй Ögedei; also Ogotai or Oktay, 窩闊臺 c
The area around Kielce was rich in minerals such as copper ore, lead ore, and iron, as well as limestone. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 In 15th century Kielce became a significant centre of metallurgy. There were also several glass factories and armourer shops in the town. In 1527 bishop Piotr Tomicki founded a bell for the church and between 1637 and 1642 renaissance palace was erected near the market place. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere It is one of the very few examples of French Renaissance architecture in Poland and the only example of a magnate's manor from the times of Vasa dynasty to survive the World War II. The House of Vasa ( Swedish: Vasaätten, Polish: Waza) was the Royal House of Sweden World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
During The Deluge the town was pillaged and burnt by the Swedes. The Deluge ( Polish: Potop, full Polish name is Potop Szwedzki Deluge''' is the name commonly assigned in the History "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Only the palace and the church survived, but the town managed to recover under the rule of bishop Andrzej Załuski. Andrzej Stanisław Kostka Załuski ( December 2 1695 December 16 1758) was a priest ( Bishop) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth By 1761 Kielce had more than 4. 000 inhabitants. In 1789 Kielce were nationalised and the burgers were granted the right to elect their own representatives in Sejm. Nationalization, also spelled nationalisation, is the act of taking an industry or assets into the Public ownership of a national government Until the end of the century the city's economy entered a period of fast growth. A brewery was founded as well as several brick manufactories, a horse breeder, hospital, school and a religious college. A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of Beer, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of beer's history
As a result of the 3rd Partition the town was annexed by Austria. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich During the Polish-Austrian War of 1809 it was captured by prince Józef Poniatowski and joined with the Duchy of Warsaw, but after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1815 it was joined with the Kingdom of Poland. Early Austrian years war with Turkey Prince Józef Antoni Poniatowski was born in Vienna, Austria in the Palais Kinsky (others say he was actually The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie Duché de Varsovie Herzogtum Warschau Варшавское герцогство was a Polish state established by Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye For a brief period when Kraków was an independent city-state (Republic of Kraków), Kielce became the capital of the Kraków Voivodeship. A city-state is a Region controlled exclusively by a City, usually having Sovereignty. The Free Independent and Strictly Neutral City of Kraków (Cracow with its Territory Kraków Voivodeship refers to several historical Voivodeships of Poland. Thanks to the efforts by Stanisław Staszic Kielce became the centre of the newly-established Old-Polish Industrial Zone (Staropolski Okręg Przemysłowy). Stanisław Staszic ( November 6, 1755 - January 20, 1826) was a Polish Priest, Philosopher, Statesman The town grew quickly as new mines, quarries and factories were constructed. In 1816 the first Polish technical university was founded in Kielce. However, after Staszic's death the Industrial Zone declined and in 1826 the school was moved to Warsaw and became the Warsaw University of Technology. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Warsaw University of Technology ( Polish: Politechnika Warszawska) is the largest academic school of technology in Poland, and one of the largest in
In 1830 many of the inhabitants of Kielce took part in the November Uprising against Russia. The November Uprising (1830&ndash1831&mdashalso known as the Cadet Revolution &mdashwas an armed rebellion against the rule of the Russian Empire in Poland Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending In 1844 a priest Piotr Ściegienny intended a local uprising to liberate Kielce from Russian rule, for which he was sent to Siberia. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving In 1863 Kielce took part in the January Uprising. The January Uprising ( Polish: powstanie styczniowe, Lithuanian: 1863 m As a reprisal for insubordination the tsarist authorities closed all Polish schools and turned Kielce into a military garrison city. Polish language was banned. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Because of that many gymnasium students took part in the 1905 Revolution and were joined by factory workers. A gymnasium (pronounced with ɡ- in several languages is a type of school providing Secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar See also Russian Revolution (1917 The 1905 Russian Revolution also known as the Failed Russian Revolution of 1905 was an empire-wide struggle of
After the outbreak of the World War I Kielce were the first Polish city to be liberated from Russian rule by the Polish Legions under Józef Piłsudski. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All After the war when Poland regained its independence after 123 years of Partitions, Kielce became the capital of Kielce Voivodeship. The plans of strengthening of Polish heavy and war industries resulted in Kielce becoming one of the main nodes of the Central Industrial Area (Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy). The Central Industrial Region (Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy abbreviated COP) is an Industrial region in Poland. The town housed several big factories, among them munitions factory "Granat" and food processing plant Społem.
During the Polish Defensive War of 1939 main part of the defenders of Westerplatte as well as armoured brigade of General Stanisław Maczek were either from Kielce or from its close suburbs. The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied Westerplatte is a Peninsula in Gdańsk, Poland, located on Baltic Sea coast at the river mouth of the Dead Vistula (one of the General Stanisław Maczek ( March 31, 1892 &ndash December 11, 1994) was the most During the occupation that lasted for most of the World War II the town was an important centre of resistance. There were several resistance groups active in the town (among them the Armia Krajowa and the Gwardia Ludowa). This is an article about a communist Polish resistance organization
Notable acts of resistance[1]:
Moreover, the hills and forests of Holy Cross Mountains became a scene of heavy partisan activity. Świętokrzyskie Mountains ( Holy Cross Mountains) ( Polish,) are a Mountain range in central Poland, in the vicinity of the city of A partisan is a member of an Irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation A small town of Pinczów located some 30 kilometres from Kielce became the capital of the so-called Pinczów Republic, a piece of Polish land controlled by the partisans. Pińczów is a town in Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodship, about 40 km south of Kielce. The Swietokrzyskie Mountains Home Army District fought against the Germans long before the Operation Tempest started inflicting heavy casualties on the occupying forces and later taking part in the final liberation of their towns and cities in January 1945. Operation Tempest (Akcja Burza Plan Burza sometimes also rendered into English as Operation Storm) was a series of uprisings conducted during World War II by the During the war many of inhabitants of Kielce lost their lives.
On 4 July 1946 Kielce was the unfortunate venue of an antisemitic pogrom that left 37 Jews killed by local polish population after allegations of blood libel. The Kielce pogrom refers to the events that occurred on July 4 1946 in the Polish town of Kielce. Blood libels are sensationalized allegations that a person or group engages in Human sacrifice, often accompanied by the claim that the Blood of victims is used in
Today, Kielce is a rapidly developing city, of growing regional importance.
On the eve of the second world war there were 24,000 Jewish inhabitants in Kielce, which were around 1/3 of the population at the time. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Immediately after the German occupation in September 1939 action have been taken against the Jews - fines, confiscation of property, forced labour, etc' were forced on the Jewish population. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In April 1941 the Jewish ghetto was established and the Jews were forced to move into it. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure Many of the Jews were forced labour at a German ammunition plant. In August 1942 the extermination of the Jewish ghetto has started and in 5 days all the Jews in the ghetto but 2,000 jews who were sent to another forced labour camp were sent to the Treblinka extermination camp. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Treblinka II was a German Extermination camp in occupied Poland during World War II.
After the war some of the Jews came back to Kielce but on July 4, 1946 after an allegations of blood libel over 35 Jews were murdered by the local polish population, see Kielce pogrom. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Blood libels are sensationalized allegations that a person or group engages in Human sacrifice, often accompanied by the claim that the Blood of victims is used in The Kielce pogrom refers to the events that occurred on July 4 1946 in the Polish town of Kielce.
Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Kielce constituency in 2005: