Kiel
Aerial view of the city
Coat of arms	Location
Administration
Country	Germany
State	Schleswig-Holstein
District	Urban district
City subdivisions	18 districts
Lord Mayor	Angelika Volquartz (CDU)
Governing parties	CDU / Greens
Basic statistics
Area	118. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular is the northernmost of the 16 ''Bundesländer'' in Germany. The former English name was Sleswick-Holsatia the Danish name is German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition Angelika Volquartz (born 2 September 1946) is the mayor of Kiel, Germany. The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. This is a list of political parties in Germany. Germany has a Multi-party system with two large parties three substantial smaller parties and a number of minor The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 6 km² (45. 8 sq mi)
Elevation	5 m  (16 ft)
Population	232,340  (31/12/2006)
- Density	1,959 /km² (5,074 /sq mi)
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	KI
Postal codes	24103–24159
Area code	0431
Website	www.kiel.de Coordinates: 54°19′31″N 10°8′26″E / 54.32528, 10.14056

For the city in the United States, see Kiel, Wisconsin. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Kiel is a city in Calumet and Manitowoc Counties in the US state of Wisconsin. For the name see Kiel (name). For the city in the United States, see Kiel Wisconsin. For the city in Germany, see Kiel Kiel is a surname or given

Kiel ([kiːl] (help·info)) is the capital of the northernmost German state Schleswig-Holstein. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. is the northernmost of the 16 ''Bundesländer'' in Germany. The former English name was Sleswick-Holsatia the Danish name is It is located on the eastern side of the base of the Jutland peninsula in the southeast corner of the Baltic Sea. This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Located on the Bay of Kiel at the head of the Kiel Fjord, the city has been one of the country's main naval bases since the 1860s, a centre for German shipbuilders, and the eastern terminus of the busiest artificial waterway in the world, the Kiel Canal. |-|The Bay of Kiel (Kieler Bucht Kiel Bugt is a Bay in the southwestern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany and the Kiel Fjord (Kieler Förde Kielerfjorden is an approximately 17 km long Fjord or Firth of the Baltic Sea along the shores of Schleswig-Holstein The Kiel Canal (Nord-Ostsee-Kanal until 1948 known as the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Kanal, is a 61 miles (98 kilometres long Canal in the German Bundesland

Kiel is famous for its sailing events, including Kiel Week, the biggest sailing event in the world. Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force Kiel Week (Kieler Woche is an annual sailing event in Kiel, Germany. In 1936 and 1972, when the Olympic Games were held in Berlin and Munich respectively, the Olympic sailing competitions were held in Kiel-Schilksee. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. ^[1] It had a population of 232,340 as of 31 December 2006. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

A renowned university, the Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel (established 1665), is located in Kiel. The University of Kiel ( German Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, CAU) is a University in the city of Kiel, Germany The city is served by Kiel-Holtenau airport. Kiel Holtenau Airport (in German, Flughafen Kiel Holtenau) is an Airport 7 km (4 The largest local newspaper is the Kieler Nachrichten. The Kieler Nachrichten (literally "Kiel News" or KN is the only German language Newspaper published in Kiel

History

The Kiel Fjord was first settled by Normans or Vikings who would colonize the land along their raids for many years staying in German villages. The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas This is recorded by the geography and architecture of the fjord. Kiel was first originally founded in 1233 as Holstenstadt tom Kyle by Count Adolf IV, and granted Lübeck city rights in 1242 by Adolf's eldest son, John I of Schauenburg. The Lübeck law was the constitution of a municipal form of government developed at Lübeck in Schleswig-Holstein after it was made a free city in 1226 ^[2]

Kiel, the capital of Holstein, was a member of the Hanseatic League from 1284 until it was expelled in 1518 for harbouring pirates. Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering In 1431, the Kieler Umschlag (trade fair) was first held, which became the central market for goods and money in Schleswig-Holstein until it began to lose significance from 1850 on, being held for the last time in 1900. The University of Kiel was founded on 29 September 1665, by Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. The University of Kiel ( German Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, CAU) is a University in the city of Kiel, Germany Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Duke Christian Albrecht of Holstein-Gottorp (3 February 1641 Gottorp &ndash 6 January 1695 Gottorp was a duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Bishop of Lübeck See also History of Schleswig-Holstein, List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein Holstein-Gottorp or Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp is the historiographical A number of important scholars, including Theodor Mommsen and Max Planck, studied or taught there. Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen ( 30 November 1817 &ndash 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar,

From 1773 to 1864, the town belonged to the King of Denmark. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe However, because the king ruled Holstein as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire only through a personal union, the town was not incorporated as part of Denmark proper. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct Thus Kiel belonged to Germany but was ruled by the Danish king. Even though the Empire was abolished in 1806, the Danish king continued to rule Kiel only through his position as Duke of Holstein. When Schleswig and Holstein rebelled against Denmark in 1848 (the First Schleswig War), Kiel became the capital of Schleswig-Holstein until the Danish victory in 1852. The First Schleswig War (Schleswig-Holsteinischer Krieg or Three Years' War (Treårskrigen was the first round of military conflict in southern Denmark and northern

During the Second Schleswig War in 1864, Kiel and the rest of Schleswig and Holstein were conquered by a German Confederation alliance of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. The First Schleswig War occurred in 1848–1851. The Second Schleswig War (2 The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising After the war Kiel was briefly administered by both the Austrians and the Prussians, but the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 led to the annexation of Kiel by Prussia in 1867. The Austro-Prussian On 24 March 1865, King William I based Prussia's Baltic Sea fleet out of Kiel instead of Danzig (Gdańsk). Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland

Port facilities.

When William I of Prussia became Emperor William I of the German Empire in 1871, he designated Kiel and Wilhelmshaven as Reichskrieghafen, or "Imperial War Harbour". The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Wilhelmshaven (vɪlhɛlmsˈhaːfən is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Because of its new role as Germany's main naval base, Kiel quickly increased in size in the following years, from 18,770 in 1864 to about 200,000 in 1910. Much of the old town centre and other surroundings were leveled and redeveloped to provide for the growing city. Kiel was the site of the sailors' mutiny which sparked the German Revolution in late 1918.

At the end of World War I the German fleet stationed at Kiel was sent out on a last glorious mission against the British navy. This was a suicide mission that would not have achieved much, so the men stationed on the ships decided they had nothing to lose and refused to leave the relative safety of the port. The lack of response to this from the government was partly to blame for the revolution that soon followed and therefore the rise of the Weimar Republic. The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933

Kiel was the site of several camps that provided slave labour for local industry during World War II. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ^[3]Because of its status as a naval port and as production site for submarines, Kiel was heavily bombed by the Allies during the war; it is estimated that 80% of the remaining old town, 72% of the residential areas, and 83% of the industrial areas were destroyed. The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. The city was rebuilt after the war, but city planners failed to revive the former cityscape; Kiel was less meticulously restored than other towns in Schleswig-Holstein like Lübeck, Flensburg, or Schleswig. Lübeck ( is the second largest City in Schleswig-Holstein, in Northern Germany, and one of the major Flensburg ( Danish: Flensborg, Low Saxon: Flensborg, North Frisian: Flansborj) is an independent town in Schleswig (Slesvig South Jutlandic: Sljasvig, archaic Sleswick Low German: Sleswig) is a Town in the northeastern part of

In 1946, Kiel was named the seat of government for Schleswig-Holstein, and it officially became the state's capital in 1972. The Kieler Umschlag has been held again yearly since 1975. It is now a festival with music and food stalls, historical costumes, special bread, and a wedding, the Umschlagshochzeit for which every young bride and groom can apply. Above all, Kiel is most famous for its Kiel Week sailing festival held annually in June. Kiel Week (Kieler Woche is an annual sailing event in Kiel, Germany.

Main sights

In the vicinity of Kiel are seaside resorts such as Kiel-Strande, Kiel-Schilksee, Möltenort and Laboe. Strande is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Laboe (laˈbøː is a municipality in the district of Plön, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Laboe has an important naval memorial, as well as the WWII-era submarine U-995, a popular tourist site since 1972. The Laboe Naval Memorial is a Memorial located in Laboe, near Kiel, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

Sights in Kiel include:

• The Nikolaikirche (church of St Nicholas, 14th/15th century)
• Der Geistkämpfer (The Spirit Fighter), a sculpture by Ernst Barlach in front of the Nikolaikirche
• The ruins of the Castle (a 16th century castle not rebuilt after WWII)
• The Rathaus (town hall, 1911) which has an operating paternoster, or revolving wooden elevator. Saint Nicholas (Άγιος Νικόλαος, Agios Nikolaos, "victory of the people" is the common name for Nicholas of Myra, a Christian Saint Ernst Barlach ( January 2, 1870 &ndash October 24, 1938) was a German expressionist sculptor, printmaker A paternoster or paternoster lift is a passenger Elevator which consists of a chain of open compartments (each usually designed for two persons that move
• a WWII-era air raid bunker (not open for tourism)
• Fernmeldeturm Kiel (Transmission Tower)
• Holsteinstadion, home of the football club Holstein Kiel
• Sparkassen-Arena

Laboe beach scene. Strategic bombing is a Military strategy used in a Total war with the goal of defeating an enemy nation-state by destroying its economic ability to wage war rather A military bunker is a hardened shelter often buried partly or fully underground designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks The Fernmeldeturm Kiel (Telecommunication Tower Kiel is a modern landmark of Kiel in Germany completed in 1975 Located in the port city of Kiel in Northern Germany, Holsteinstadion is the home of Holstein Kiel, a soccer club currently playing Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Holstein Kiel is a German football club in the city of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein. The Sparkassen-Arena (formerly known as Ostseehalle) is an indoor Arena in Kiel, Germany.

Schleswig-Holstein Parliament, June 2006.

Economy

Kiel is the home of HDW Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft GmbH, a shipyard founded in 1838 famed for its construction of submarines. Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (often abbreviated HDW) is a German Shipbuilding company headquartered in Kiel. Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability HDW built the first German submarine Brandtaucher in 1850, and is today a subsidiary of ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems, the leading German group of shipyards. Brandtaucher was a Submersible designed by the German Inventor and Engineer Wilhelm Bauer and built by Schweffel ThyssenKrupp AG ( is a large German industrial conglomerate, with more than 200000 employees

Notable people

Notable residents

• Tomma Abts, painter and 2006 Turner Prize winner (born in Kiel but resident in London)
• Ernst Busch, actor, writer & collector of songs
• Sven Böge, composer
• Kirsten Harms, opera director
• Rudolf Hell, inventor
• Johannes Wolfgang Willy Friedlieb Heuer
• August Howaldt, founder of Howaldtswerke
• Otto Kretschmer, U-boat commander
• Georg Landsberg, mathematician
• Carl Loewe, composer
• Peter III of Russia
• Max Planck, physicist
• Karl Leonhard Reinhold, philosopher
• Adolf Remane, zoologist
• Ernst von Salomon, writer
• Ernst Steinitz, mathematician
• Ferdinand Tönnies, sociologist,philosopher
• Carl Zuckmayer, writer and playwright

Important historic mayors and lord mayors of Kiel

• 1688 - 1720: Asmus Bremer
• 1730 - 1732: Ernst Joachim von Westphalen
• 1920 - 1933: Emil Lueken (removed from office by the Nazis)

Lord mayors after World War II

• 1946 - 1954: Andreas Gayk (SPD)
• 1954 - 1965: Hans Müthling (SPD)
• 1965 - 1980: Günther Bantzer (SPD)
• 1980 - 1994: Karl-Heinz Luckhardt (SPD)
• 1994 - 1997: Otto Kelling (SPD)
• 1997 - 2003: Norbert Gansel (SPD)
• 2003 - today: Angelika Volquartz (CDU)

Sister towns

Kiel is twinned with:

• Brest, France (1964)
• Coventry, United Kingdom (1967)
• Vaasa, Finland (1967)
• Gdynia, Poland (1985)
• Tallinn, Estonia (1986 — at that time in the  Soviet Union)
• Stralsund, Germany (1987 — at that time in  East Germany)
• Kaliningrad, Russia (1992)
• Sovetsk, Russia (1992)

References

External links

• Official website
• Kiel travel guide from Wikitravel