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 Islam

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Glossary of Islamic terms

Islam Portal  v • d • e 

Khutbah (Arabic: (خطبة khuṭbah)) serves as the primary formal occasion for public preaching in the Islamic tradition. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Aqidah (sometimes spelled Aqeeda, Aqidah or Aqida) (عقيدة is an Islamic term meaning Creed. Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' In Islam, God is believed to be the only real supreme being all-powerful and all knowing Creator Sustainer Ordainer and Judge of the universe Islam puts a heavy emphasis IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Muslims regard as Prophets of Islam ( Arabic: نبي) those non-divine humans chosen by Allah as Prophets The Five Pillars of Islam (Arabic أركان الإسلام is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. The Shahada ( Arabic: ar الشهادة, from the verb ar شهد "to testify" is the Islamic Creed. Ṣalāt ( Arabic: صلاة‎, pl ṣalawāt, Qur'anic Arabic: صلوة ṣalawah) (also munz in Pashto and Sawm ( Arabic: صوم is an Arabic word for Fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. This is a sub-article of Islamic economical jurisprudence. Zakaat ( زكاة zækæːh zakaat or zakāh, has the implied The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world Muslim history began in Arabia with the Muhammad 's first recitations of the Qur'an in the 7th century Caliph Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam There is much more to Muslim history than its military and political aspects this particular chronology is almost entirely of military and political nature See also Muhammad's wives Ahl al-Bayt ( Arabic:ar أهل البيت is an Arabic phrase literally meaning People of the House, or family In Islam, the Ṣaḥābah (الصحابة "Companions" were the companions of the Islamic prophet Muḥammad. The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( ar الخلفاء الراشدون) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first Imāmah (إمامة is the Shī‘ah doctrine of religious spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. Qur'an Text Surahs ** Ayah Commentary/Exegesis Tafsir Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Sunnah ar (سنة plural سنن Sunan literally means “trodden path” and therefore the sunnah of the prophet means “the way and the manners of the prophet” Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. Kalām (علم الكلام is the Islamic philosophy of seeking Islamic theological principles through Dialectic. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Muslim Culture is a term primarily used in Secular Academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings This is a sub-article to Religious education, Academic discipline, and Islam. This article is about Animals in Islamic thought The Qur'an assigns an inferior status to animals in comparison with humans and has a tendency towards Islamic art encompasses the arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people (not necessarily Muslim) who lived within the territory that was inhabited by culturally The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری ‎ The topic of Islam and children includes the rights of children in Islam children's duties towards their parents and parent's rights over their children both males and females Listing of Muslims by country Important note Population counts by religious affiliation like most demographic characteristics of a Population Muslim holidays are mostly based around the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, especially the events surrounding the first hearing of the Qur'an. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Islamic philosophy is a branch of Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between Philosophy ( Reason) and the religious teachings See also Modern Islamic philosophy, Islamism, Islamic terrorism Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Quran, the Sunna Over the centuries of Islamic history, Muslim rulers Islamic scholars, and ordinary Muslims have held many different attitudes towards other religions The historical interaction between Christianity and Islam, in the field of Comparative religion, connects fundamental ideas in Christianity with similar ones in Islam Hinduism and Islam, from the of arrival of the Arabs as far back as the eighth century AD has had a checkered history Islam and Jainism came in close contact with each other following the Islamic conquest from Central Asia and Persia in the seventh The historical interaction of Judaism and Islam started in the 7th century CE with the origin and spread of Islam in the Arabian peninsula. In Islam, Muhammad is the last and final Prophet of God Islam views Jews Christians and Muslims as " People of the Book Arguments critical to religion in general or specific to monotheism such as the Existence of God, are not dealt with here Islamophobia is a Neologism that refers to Prejudice or Discrimination against Islam or Muslims The term itself dates back to the The following list consists of Concepts that are derived from both Islamic and Arab tradition which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language A sermon is an oration by a Prophet or member of the Clergy. Sermons address a Biblical, theological, or religious topic For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Such sermons occur regularly, as prescribed by the teachings of all legal schools, at the dhuhr (noon) congregation prayer on Friday. The dhuhr (ظهر prayer ("dh" representing Ẓāʼ, an Emphatic voiced dental fricative" it is often simplified to "z" is "Juma" redirects here For the indigenous Brazilian group see Juma people. In addition, similar sermons are called for on the two festival days, or in response to an eclipse or excessive drought. [1]

Contents

Origins and definition

Religious oratory (including sermons) may be pronounced in a variety of settings and at various times. The khutbah, however, refers to khutbat al-jum�a, usually meaning the address delivered in the mosque at weekly and annual rituals. Other religious oratory and occasions of preaching are described as dars (a lesson) or waz (an admonition), and their formats differ accordingly. [1]

The khutbah originates from the practice of the prophet Muhammad, who used to deliver words of exhortation, instruction, or command at gatherings for worship in the mosque, which comprised of the courtyard of his house in Medina. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics The Mosque of the Prophet (or Prophet's Mosque) ( Arabic: المسجد النبوي) /mæsʤıd ænːæbæwı in Medina, is the second holiest Medina mɛˈdiːnə (المدينة المنورة ælmæˈdiːnæl muˈnɑwːɑrɑ or المدينة ælmæˈdiːnæ also transliterated into English as Though khutba is not mentioned by name in the Qur'an, one passage explicitly alludes to the Friday noon prayer, and summons believers to dhikr Allah (meaning “the remembrance of God”) [62:9]. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran This is understood to be an expression that some commentators have regarded as denoting the sermon. [1]

After the takeover of Mecca, Muhammad presented himself as a khatib to the city in AD 630. Mecca was conquered by the Muslims in January 630 AD (10th day of Ramadan[[ AH]] The first four caliphs, and the Ummayads caliphs and provincial governors all delivered Sermons. The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( ar الخلفاء الراشدون) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first There were not necessarily exhortatory, but addressed practical questions of government and sometimes even included direct orders. Under the Abbasids, the caliph himself no longer preached, but assigned the task to the religious judges. Qadi (also known as Qazi or Kazi or Kadi) (قاضي is a judge ruling in accordance with the Sharia, Islamic religious law The Abbasids insisted they were clearing Islam of the secularism of the Umayads, and this probably helped in strengthening the religious aspect of the Sermon. [2]

Delivery

At the beginning of the service the adhan is given, during which the k̲h̲aṭīb (the individual who delivers the khutbah) remains sitting. Adhan (also - Athaan IPA /ʔæðæːn/ ( أَذَان) is the Islamic call to Prayer, recited by the Muezzin. The iqama is given when the k̲h̲aṭīb descends. The word iqama (إقامة refers to the second call to Islamic Prayer, given immediately before the prayer begins The Sermon is delivered in two parts. Both parts are delivered while khatib is standing and punctuated by a pause in between them when the k̲h̲aṭīb sits down. During the sermon itself, it is obligatory to pronounce the following:[3]

“ Make your ṣalat (prayer) long and your khutba (sermon) short. ”

—Islamic prophet Muhammad[5]

The k̲h̲aṭīb must be in a state of ritual purity; his dress must be in accord with the prescriptions. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics This is a sub-article to Islamic hygienical jurisprudence and Cleanliness. Adherents of Islam are concerned with Clothing in two contexts clothing for everyday inside and outside the house and clothing required in specifically It is commendable for the k̲h̲aṭīb to be on a pulpit or an elevated place; to salute the congregation when directing himself towards them; to sit down until the adhan is pronounced by the muʾad̲h̲d̲h̲in; and to direct himself straightway to his audience. A pulpit (from Latin pulpitum "scaffold" "platform" "stage" is a small elevated platform where a member of the clergy stands As-Salāmu `Alaykum ( ar السلام عليكم) is an Arabic Spoken greeting used by Muslims as well as non-Muslim Arabic speakers Adhan (also - Athaan IPA /ʔæðæːn/ ( أَذَان) is the Islamic call to Prayer, recited by the Muezzin. The muezzin (via Turkish müezzin from Arabic: مؤذن mu’aḏḏin) is a chosen person at the Finally the k̲h̲aṭīb should make the Sermon short. [3]

In medieval Islam, Sermons were generally delivered in classical Arabic. Classical Arabic (CA also known as Qur'anic or Koranic Arabic, is the form of the Arabic language used in literary texts from Umayyad This linguistic requirement that required substantial training on the part of the khatib, and a notable degree of education on the part of listeners, especially non-Arab Muslims. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion This expectation contributed to the growth of a literary genre consisting of model sermons, such as those by the renowned ibn Nubata (d. A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction 984). Later on, however, preaching in colloquial languages, while often retaining certain Arabic expressions, has become increasingly common. [1]

Friday

One of the conditions for the validity of the Friday service is that it must be preceded by two sermons. The Sermon is when number of auditors required for a valid j̲umuʿa are present. [3]

Traditionally, as instructed in classical Islamic legal treatises, Friday congregational prayers in which Sermons were delivered were restricted to urban centers and normally to one major mosque in each city. Such a mosque is referred to as a masjid jami�, that is, a "Friday Mosque" (or a "cathedral mosque"). These mosques were distinguished by their central location, large dimensions, monumental architecture, symbolic furnishings indicative of its exalted stature, and, the most demonstrative of all, the minbar (ritual pulpit). [1]

In contemporary times, Friday congregational prayers with Sermons are common in mosques of all sizes and conditions, and not just restricted to a few central locations. Sermons are also dispensed through newspapers and broadcast on radio and television. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. For the band see Broadcast (band Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or Video signals which transmit Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic [1]

Special occasions

Sermons on special occasions generally contain features that are relevant to the celebrations or the natural phenomena at whose arrival they are delivered. For instance, on Eid al-Fitr, the preacher is has a duty to instruct the faithful congregation concerning the zakat, or almsgiving. Eid ul-Fitr or Id-ul-Fitr (عيد الفطر ‘Īdu l-Fiṭr) often abbreviated to Eid, is a Muslim Holiday that marks the end of This is a sub-article of Islamic economical jurisprudence. Zakaat ( زكاة zækæːh zakaat or zakāh, has the implied On Eid al-Adha the preacher includes remarks specifying the rules for the sacrifice. Eid al-Adha ( Arabic: عيد الأضحى ‘Īd ul-’Aḍḥā, Urdu: بقرعید or the Festival of Sacrifice is a religious festival celebrated [1]

There is a slight difference in the Sermon delivered on Eid. The sermon's first part must open with nine takbīrs, the second part with seven. The takbīr or takbeer (ar تَكْبِير is the act of saying the phrase, ar الله أكبر The Sermon may also be pronounced while sitting. Regarding the Sermons delivered during an eclipse or excessive drought, classical texts advise that such sermons must admonish the audience and ask God's forgiveness. Usually the verse 9 of Sūra LXVI is also recited and a special prayer called "Muḥammad's du'a"ʾ is said. [3]

One major difference between the Sermon delivered on special occasions and that delivered every Friday is that in the former the Salat precedes the Sermon, while in the latter the Salat comes after. [3]

Sovereign's name

In the pre-modern Middle East, the mention of a ruler's name in the sermon was one of the two prerogatives of sovereignty (the other being the right to mint coins). The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures Coins for Currency. main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review Mentioning meant accepting the sovereignty and suzerainty of a ruler. Omitting the name of a ruler from the sermon was like publicly declaring independence. Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising This prerogative of sovereignty was introduced by Islam, not present in the pre-Islamic era. In addition, the sermon, a major vehicle of communication, also announced the deposition of a ruler, the accession of a ruler, nomination of an heir, and the beginning and end of a war. Accession (from Lat accedere, to go to to approach in Law, a method of acquiring Property adopted from Roman law (see Accessio "Heir" and "Heiress" redirect here For the men and women fragrances endorsed by Paris Hilton see Heiress (fragrance. [6]

Related concept

Abu-al-Faraj ibn Al-Jawzi writes in his Ru'ūs al-Qawārīr of a similar concept also called khutbah. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abu-al-Faraj Ibn Al-Jawzi ( 508 AH - 597 AH) was an Islamic Also referred to by the same name as the Sermon, this concept was different. Its primary purpose was not to admonish, instruct or reprove, but rather to to exalt and praise God. It invited others to worship and celebrate God's greatness. Ibn al-Jawzi employed a variety of metaphors and alluded to nature frequently. [7]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Khutba", Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
  2. ^ "Khutba", Students' Britannica India, p. The Nahj al-Balagha ( Arabic: نهج البلاغة "Peak of Eloquence" is the most famous collections of Shi'a hadith, attributed to Ali 236
  3. ^ a b c d e "Khutba", Encyclopaedia of Islam
  4. ^ "Ḥamdala", Encyclopaedia of Islam
  5. ^ Muslim , Ḏj̲umʿa, tr. 47, quoted in "Ḵh̲uṭba", Encyclopaedia of Islam
  6. ^ Lewis p. 82-5
  7. ^ Hovannisian, p. 41-3

References

External links

Dictionary

khutbah

-noun

  1. A talk or sermon delivered in mosques before the Friday prayer, or at other special occasions.
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