- This article is about khol, the Indian musical instrument. For the Austrian politician, see Andreas Khol. Andreas Khol (born July 14, 1941, in Bergen, Germany) is an Austrian politician of the center-conservative Austrian People's Party
The khol also known as a mrdanga (lit. "mrit+anga" = "clay body") is a terracotta two-sided drum used in northern and eastern India for accompaniment with devotional music (bhakti). Terra cotta ( Italian: "baked earth" is a Ceramic. Its uses include vessels water & waste water pipes and surface embellishment in Building construction The drum is a member of the percussion group technically classified as a Membranophone. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Bhakti ( Devanāgarī: भक्ति) is a word of Sanskrit origin meaning devotion. It originates from the Indian state West Bengal. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. In addition, it has uses in Bengali folk and semi-classical music.
One of the sides of the khol is much smaller than the other. Both sides are covered with naturally dead cow or goat skin. The smaller head (the dayan) and the bigger bass head (the baya) are usually three-layered heads in addition to a special central region of rice paste, glue, and iron known as the syahi. The drum is played with palms and fingers of both hands.
In ISKCON and in Gaudiya Vaishnava societies, the khol is the primary drum for kirtan and bhajan. The International Society for Krishna Consciousness ( ISKCON) also known as 'the Hare Krishna ' movement is one of several Vaishnava groups Gaudiya Vaishnavism (also known as Chaitanya Vaishnavism) is a Vaishnava religious movement founded by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486-1534 in India Kirtan ( Sanskrit - "to repeat" is call-and-response chanting performed in India's devotional traditions A Bhajan is a type of Hindu Devotional Song, often simple lyrical and expressing love for the Divine.
As khols became popular in the West, many varieties of khols resulted. The traditional clay khol gave rise to a fiberglass skinned khol (same as clay with only a fiberglass body), a brass khol (same as clay with only a brass body), and Balarama mridanga (a mridanga with a fiberglass body and plastic heads).
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