Kharkiv / Kharkov Харків / Харьков
Kharkiv's Freedom Square with the Gosprom building. Freedom Square (Площа Свободи Ploshcha Svobody; Площадь Свободы Ploshchad Svobody) in Kharkiv is the third largest
Flag Coat of arms
Map of Ukraine with Kharkiv highlighted. The Coat of arms of Kharkiv is the official Coat of arms of both Kharkiv city and Kharkiv Oblast.
Coordinates: 49°54′60″N 36°18′60″E / 49.91667, 36.31667
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	Kharkiv Oblast
Raion	Kharkivskyi Raion
Founded	1654
City rights	1552-1654
Government
- Mayor	Mykhailo Dobkin
Area
- Total	310 km² (119. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division Kharkiv Oblast (Харківська область translit Kharkivs’ka oblast’; also referred to as Kharkivshchyna - Харківщина For the manufactured regenerated fiber see Rayon A raion (or rayon) (райо́н ra'jon rayon раён რაიონი Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 7 sq mi)
Elevation	152 m (499 ft)
Population (2007)
- Total	1,461,000
- Density	4,500/km² (11,654. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/sq mi)
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code	61001—61499
Licence plate	ХА, 21 (old)
Sister cities	Belgorod, Bologna, Cincinnati, Kaunas, Lille, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Nuremberg, Poznań, St. Petersburg, Tianjin, Kutaisi, Varna
Website: http://www.city.kharkov.ua

Kharkiv or Kharkov (Ukrainian: Харків, Russian: Харьков) is the second largest city in Ukraine. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A vehicle registration plate is a metal or plastic plate attached to a Motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes Belgorod (Бе́лгород is a city in western Russia, situated on the Seversky Donets river just 40 km north from the Ukrainian border at. Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy Kaunas ( ˈkoʊnəs is the second largest City in Lithuania and a former temporary capital. Lille (lil Rijsel is a city in northern France. It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in the country Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Nizhny Novgorod (Ни́жний Но́вгород Nižnij Novgorod) colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River ( Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is the second largest city in northern coastal China. Kutaisi (ქუთაისი ancient names Aea / Aia, Kutatisi, Kutaïssi) is Georgia 's second largest city and the capital of the Varna (Варна is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, third-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the administrative center of the Kharkiv Oblast (province), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Kharkivskyi Raion (district) within the oblast. Kharkiv Oblast (Харківська область translit Kharkivs’ka oblast’; also referred to as Kharkivshchyna - Харківщина Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division Kharkiv Oblast (Харківська область translit Kharkivs’ka oblast’; also referred to as Kharkivshchyna - Харківщина For the manufactured regenerated fiber see Rayon A raion (or rayon) (райо́н ra'jon rayon раён რაიონი The city is located in the northeast of the country at around 49°54′60″N, 36°18′60″E. As of 2006, its population is 1,461,300. ^[1]

Kharkiv is one of the main industrial, cultural and educational centres of Ukraine. Its industry specializes mostly in arms production and machinery. A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity There are hundreds of industrial companies in the city. Among them are world famous giants like the Morozov Design Bureau and the Malyshev Tank Factory, leaders in tank production since the 1930s; Hartron (aerospace and nuclear electronics); and the Turboatom turbines producer. Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau (Харківське Конструкторське Бюро по Mашинобудуванню ім The Malyshev Factory ( Zavod imeni VO Malysheva, Завод імені В A tank is a tracked, Armoured fighting vehicle designed for Front-line combat which combines Operational mobility and tactical This article is about the field of research and industry for the corporation see The Aerospace Corporation Aerospace comprises the Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical A turbine is a rotary Engine that extracts Energy from a Fluid flow

There is also an underground rapid-transit system (metro) with about 35 km of track and 28 stations. The Kharkiv Metro (Харківське метро Харьковское метро is the metro system that serves the city of Kharkiv (Kharkov the second A well-known landmark of Kharkiv is the Freedom Square (Ploshcha Svobody), which is currently the third largest city square in Europe, and the 7th largest square in the world. Freedom Square (Площа Свободи Ploshcha Svobody; Площадь Свободы Ploshchad Svobody) in Kharkiv is the third largest This article lists the largest city squares ordered by area. Areas given are in Square meters (m² as noted in the articles or the reference provided but may not

Geography and climate

Kharkiv is located in the northeastern region of Ukraine at around 49°54′60″N, 36°18′60″E. Historically, Kharkiv lies in the Sloboda Ukraine region (Slobozhanshchyna), in which it is considered the main city. Sloboda Ukraine (Слобiдська Україна translit Slobids'ka Ukrayina, Слободская Украина translit The city rests at the confluence of the Kharkiv, Lopan, and Udy Rivers, where they flow into the Seversky Donets watershed. Kharkiv or Kharkov (Ха́рків Харьков is a river in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine, a left tributary of the Lopan River. The river Seversky Donets (Северский Донец Сіверський Донець alternatively Donetz) flows into the Don River Russia

Kharkiv's climate is moderate continental: cold and snowy winters, and hot summers. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year The seasonal average temperatures are not too cold in winter, not too hot in summer (-6. 9°C in January, and 20. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 3°C in July). The average rainfall totals 513 millimetres per year, with the most in June and July. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to

History

Kurgan stele in Kharkiv, locally called Skifskaya baba "Scythian baba". Kurgan (курга́н is the Russian word (of Turkic origin for a Tumulus, a type of Burial mound or barrow heaped over a A stele (from Greek:, stēlē, ˈstiːli plural stelae,, stēlai, ˈstiːlaɪ also found Latinised singular stela

Archeological evidence discovered in the area of present-day Kharkiv indicates that a local population has existed in that area since the 2nd millennium BC. Cultural artifacts date back to the Bronze Age, as well as those of later Scythian and Sarmatian settlers. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for The Scythians or Scyths (Σκύθες Σκύθοι were an Iranian speaking people of horse-riding Nomadic pastoralists who dominated the Pontic The Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae ( Old Iranian Sarumatah 'archer' Σαρμάτες There is also evidence that the Chernyakhov culture flourished in the area from the 2nd to the 6th century. The Chernyakhiv culture (also known as Cherniakhov culture or Cherniakhovo culture) ( Second century to Fifth century) was found in Ukraine

Founded in the middle of 17th century, the city has had a university since 1805. Kharkiv National University (also known as Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukrainian: Харківський національний університет During the early years of the Soviet Union, Kharkiv was the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (from 1917–1934). The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its

Vintage view of Kharkiv in the 1890s.

In the early 1930s, the Ukrainian famine (Holodomor) drove many people off the land into the cities, to Kharkiv in particular, in search of food. A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any Faunal species which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional Malnutrition, Starvation The Holodomor (Голодомор is the famine that took place in Soviet Ukraine during the 1932-1933 agricultural season Some of them died and were secretly buried in one of the city's cemeteries. During April and May 1940 about 3,800 Polish prisoners of Starobelsk camp were murdered in the Kharkiv NKVD building, later buried in Pyatykhatky forest (part of the Katyn massacre). Starobilsk (Старобільськ Старобельск is a city near Luhansk in Ukraine. The NKVD ( НКВД, ru Народный Комиссариат Внутренних Дел ''Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del'') or People's Commissariat ^[3]

During World War II, Kharkiv was the site of several military engagements. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The city was captured by Nazi Germany and its military allies, recaptured by the Red Army, captured a second time by the Nazis and then finally liberated on August 23, 1943. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Seventy percent of the city was destroyed and tens of thousands of the inhabitants were killed. It is mentioned that Kharkiv was the most populated city in the Soviet Union occupied by Nazis, since in the years preceding World War II, Kiev was the smaller of the two by population. Kharkiv was the biggest and most populated city of Soviet Union occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the

St. Demetrius Cathedral in Kharkiv.

Between December 1941 through January 1942, an estimated 30,000 people (mostly Jewish) were killed by the Nazis. They were laid to rest in one of the largest mass graves that is known as Drobitsky Yar. Drobitsky Yar is a ravine 8-12km south east from Kharkiv, Ukraine.

During World War II, four battles took place for control of the city:

• Battle for Kharkov
• Struggle for Kharkov
• Kharkov offensive operation
• Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev

Before the occupation, Kharkiv's tank industries were evacuated to the Urals with all their equipment, and became the heart of Red Army's tank programs (particularly, producing the legendary T-34 tank earlier designed in Kharkiv). The Eastern Front of World War II (die Ostfront 1941-1945, der Rußlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (Russian campaign or der Ostfeldzug 1941-1945 (Eastern Campaign The 1st Battle of Kharkov so named by Wilhelm Keitel was the 1941 tactical Wehrmacht battle for the city of Kharkov during the final phase of Operation Barbarossa The Second Battle of Kharkov, so named by Wilhelm Keitel was an Axis counteroffensive against the Red Army Izium bridgehead offensive conducted from May 12 to The Third Battle of Kharkov was a series of offensive operations undertaken by the German Army Group South against the Red Army, around the city of Kharkov ( Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev (Полководец Румянцев literally "Regiment leader Rumyantsev" after 18th-century Field Marshal Peter Rumyantsev The Malyshev Factory ( Zavod imeni VO Malysheva, Завод імені В Riphean redirects here For the time period see Riphean stage The Ural Mountains (Ура́льские го́ры Uralskiye The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya The T-34 was a Soviet medium tank produced from 1941 to 1958 It is widely regarded as having been the world's best Tank when the Soviet Union These enterprises were returned after the war, and still continue to produce some of the world's best tanks.

Government and administrative divisions

While Kharkiv is the administrative center of the Kharkiv Oblast (province), the city affairs are managed by the Kharkiv City Municipality. Kharkiv Oblast (Харківська область translit Kharkivs’ka oblast’; also referred to as Kharkivshchyna - Харківщина Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division Kharkiv is a city of oblast subordinance. Ukraine is subdivided into 24 Oblasts (provinces, one Autonomous republic, and two " cities with special status' "

The territory of Kharkiv is divided into 9 administrative raions (districts):

1. Dzerzhynsky (Ukrainian: Дзержинський район)
2. Zhovtnevy (Ukrainian: Жовтневий район)
3. Kyivsky (Ukrainian: Київський район)
4. Kominternіvsky (Ukrainian: Комінтернівський район)
5. Leninsky (Ukrainian: Ленінський район)
6. Moskovsky (Ukrainian: Московський район)
7. Frunzensky (Ukrainian: Фрунзенський район)
8. Ordzhonikidzevsky (Ukrainian: Орджонікідзевський район)
9. Chervonozavodsky (Ukrainian: Червонозаводський район)

Demographics

According to the 1989 Soviet Union Census, the population of the city was 1,593,970. The 1989 Soviet Census was the final and most comprehensive census taken within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In 1991, the population decreased to 1,510,200, including 1,494,200 permanent city residents. ^[4] Kharkiv is currently the second-largest city in Ukraine after the capital, Kiev. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the ^[1]

The nationality structure of Kharkiv as of the 1989 census is: Ukrainians – 50. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens 38 %, Russians – 43. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries 63 %, Jews – 3 %, Belarusians – 0. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also 75 %, and all others (more than 25 minorities) – 2. 24 %. ^[4]

Kharkiv's city residents are primarily Russophone. See also Russophone (novel A Russophone (or russophone; русскоговорящий русскоязычный russkogovoryashchy

Economy

During the Soviet Union times Kharkiv was the capital of industrial production in Ukraine and one of the largest centers of industry and commerce in the USSR. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 After the collapse of the Soviet Union the largely defense systems oriented industrial production of the city decreased significantly. The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 In the early 2000s the industry started to recover and adapt to civil needs. Now there are more than 380 industrial enterprises concentrated in the city, which have a total number of 150 000 employees. The enterprises form machine-building, electrotechnical, instrument-making, and energy complexes.

State-owned industrial giants, such as Turboatom^[5] and Elektrotyazhmash^[6] occupy 17% of the heavy power equipment construction (e. g. , turbines) market worldwide. Multipurpose aircrafts are produced by Kharkov aircraft manufacturing plant of Antonov. Antonov, or Antonov Aeronautical Scientific/Technical Complex ( Antonov ASTC) (Авіаційний науково-технічний комплекс імені Антонова Malyshev factory produces today not only armoured fighting vehicles, but also harvesters. The Malyshev Factory ( Zavod imeni VO Malysheva, Завод імені В An armoured fighting vehicle ( AFV) is a military Vehicle, protected by armour and armed with Weapons Most AFVs are equipped for driving in rugged Hartron^[7] is the leading designer of space and commercial control systems in Ukraine and the CIS.

Education

Kharkiv is one of the most prolific centers of higher education and research of Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The city has 13 national universities and numerous professional, technical and private higher education institutions, offering students a wide range of disciplines. Kharkiv National University (12,000 students), National Technical University “KhPI” (10,000 students) are the leading universities in Ukraine. Kharkiv National University (also known as Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukrainian: Харківський національний університет National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute" is one of the oldest technical universities in Ukraine. A total number of 150,000 students attend the universities and other institutions of higher education in Kharkiv. About 9,000 foreign students from 96 countries study in the city. More than 17,000 faculty and research stuff are employed in the institutions of higher education in Kharkiv.

The city has a high concentration of research institutions, which are independent or loosely connected with the universities. Among them are three national science centers: Kharkіv Institute of Physics and Technology,^[8] Institute of Metrology,^[9] Institute for Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine and 20 national research institutions of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, such as Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering. The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Національна академія наук України Natsional’na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny) is the highest state research ^[10] A total number of 26,000 scientists are working in research and development.

In addition to the libraries affiliated with the various universities and research institutions, the Kharkiv State Scientific V. Korolenko-library^[11] is a major research library.

Kharkiv has 212 schools. Among them are 10 lyceums and 20 gymnasiums. This article is about Lyceum as school or as public hall Lyceum can also be short for Lyceum Theatre. A gymnasium (pronounced with ɡ- in several languages is a type of school providing Secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar

Modern Kharkiv

Of the many attractions of the Kharkiv city are the: Gosprom building, Memorial Complex, Freedom Square, Taras Shevchenko Monument, Mirror Stream, Uspensky Cathedral, Militia Museum, Pokrova Cathedral, T. Freedom Square (Площа Свободи Ploshcha Svobody; Площадь Свободы Ploshchad Svobody) in Kharkiv is the third largest Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko (Тарáс Григóрович Шевчéнко ( &ndash) was a Ukrainian Poet, Artist and humanist. Shevchenko Gardens, Kharkiv's funicular, Blahovishensky (The Annunciation) Cathedral, Children's narrow-gauge railroad, Building on Sumska Street №6, and many more.

Sport

Kharkiv is Ukraine's second largest city and as in the whole country sports are taken seriously. Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively The most popular sport is football. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The city has two clubs playing in the Ukrainian Premier League, one in the Persha Liha and one in Druha Liha B. History See also Soviet Top League See also Ukrainian Soviet competitions The league emerged and was established after the collapse of the Union Ukrainian First League 2008-09 Teams In 2008-09 season the Ukrainian First League consists of the following teams Top 3 Finishers Promoted teams are in bold Druha Liha 2008-09 Teams Druha Liha A Druha Liha B Druha Liha Winners

• Metalist Kharkiv, which plays at the Metalist Stadium
• FC Kharkiv, which plays at the Metalist Stadium
• FC Helios Kharkiv, which plays at the Dynamo Stadium
• FC Arsenal Kharkiv, which plays at the Arsenal-Bavariya Stadium

Sister cities

Kharkiv is currently twinned with:^[12]

1. Bologna, Italy
2. Lille, France
3. Nürnberg, Germany
4. Poznań, Poland
5. Cincinnati, United States
6. Tianjin, China
7. Bangalore, India

Famous people from Kharkiv

Transportation

Kharkiv's railway station building "Pivdenny vokzal" (South railway station). Lev Davidovich Landau ( Russian language: Ле́в Дави́дович Ланда́у ( January 22, 1908 &ndash April 1, 1968 Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz (Евгений Михайлович Лифшиц February 21 1915 &ndash October 29 1985) was a leading Soviet A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning Gleb Evgeniyevich Lozino-Lozinskiy (Глеб Евгеньевич Лозино-Лозинский December 25, 1909 - November 28 2001) - was The Soviet reusable Spacecraft program Buran ("Бура́н" meaning " Snowstorm " or " Blizzard " in Russian Irina Natanovna Press (Ирина Натановна Пресс ( March 10 1939, Kharkov &ndash February 21 2004) was a Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Gold Medal is an Album by American band The Donnas, released in 2004 (see 2004 in music) Tamara Natanovna Press (Тамара Натановна Пресс ( May 10, 1937 in Kharkiv, Ukraine) is a former Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The shot put is an Athletics (track and field event involving "putting" (throwing in a pushing motion a heavy Alexander Shchetynsky (Олекса́ндр Степа́нович Щети́нський Алекса́ндр Степа́нович Щети́нский Aleksandr Stepanovich Shchetins'kiy A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Eugen Schauman (May 10 1875 in Kharkov, Russian Empire – June 16 1904 in Helsinki, Finland, Russian Empire) was a Finnish Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov (born on in St Petersburg – June 17 1904 in Helsinki Finland was a Russian soldier and politician Alexander Ilyich Siloti (also Ziloti, Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Зило́ти Aleksandr Iljič Ziloti) ( 9 October 1863 near Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A pianist (/'piənɪst/ is a Musician who plays the Piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces play with an ensemble or Orchestra Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Karina Smirnoff (born March 13, 1978) (Карина Смирнова is a world champion professional Dancer from Kharkiv, Ukraine Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Dancing with the Stars is the name of a group of international Television series based on the format of the British series Strictly Jura Soyfer ( December 8, 1912. Kharkov, Ukraine - February 15/16 1939 Buchenwald concentration camp Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring Comedy, Song, Dance, and Theatre, distinguished mainly by the performance venue &mdash a Restaurant A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Not to be confused with his grandfather Otto Wilhelm von Struve (1819 &ndash 1905 ---- Otto Struve ( August 12 1897 – Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Historically Astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky while Astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena Mark Evgenievich Taimanov (Марк Евгеньевич Тайманов (born February 7, 1926, Kharkov) is a leading Russian Chess Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. A concert is a live Performance, usually of Music, before an Audience. A pianist (/'piənɪst/ is a Musician who plays the Piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces play with an ensemble or Orchestra Nikolai Aleksandrovich Tikhonov ( Russian: Николай Александрович Тихонов Kharkiv, May 14, 1905 Moscow Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (Председатель Vladimir Vladimirovich Vasyutin (RussianВлaдимиp Bлaдимиpoвич Васютин( March 8, 1952, Kharkov, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukrainian The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.

The city of Kharkiv is one of the largest transportation centers in Ukraine, which is connected to numerous cities of the world by air, rail and road traffic. The city has many transportation methods, including: public transport, taxis, railways, and air traffic.

Local transportation

Being an important transportation center of Ukraine, Kharkiv itself contains many different transportation methods. Kharkiv's Metro is the city's rapid transit system, which includes three different lines with 28 stations in total. The Kharkiv Metro (Харківське метро Харьковское метро is the metro system that serves the city of Kharkiv (Kharkov the second ^[13] The Kharkiv buses carry about 12 million passengers annually.

Various public transportation methods in the city are: Buses (12 million passengers annually), Kharkiv Metro, trolleybuses, tramways (which celebrated 100 years of service in 2006), and marshrutkas (private minibuses). The Kharkiv Metro (Харківське метро Харьковское метро is the metro system that serves the city of Kharkiv (Kharkov the second Marshrutka ( Bulgarian, маршру́тка mɘr'ʂrutkɘ from marshrutnoye taksi (Mаршрутное такси is a Share taxi in

Railways

The first railway connection of Kharkiv was opened in 1869. The first train to arrive in Kharkiv came from the north on May 22, 1869, and on June 6, 1869, traffic was opened on the Kursk-Kharkiv-Azov line. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Kharkiv's passenger railway station was reconstructed and expanded in 1901, to be later destroyed in the Second World War. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A new railway station was built in 1952. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Various railway transportation methods available in the city are the: Railway trains, and elektrichkas (regional electric trains). Elektrichka (электри́чка електри́чка elektrychka) is an informal word for elektropoyezd (электропо́езд a Soviet or

Air travel

Kharkiv is served by an international airport which used to have about 200 flights a day, almost all of them being passenger flights. The Kharkiv Osnova International Airport was only recently granted international status. Kharkiv International Airport (Міжнародний аеропорт "Харків" Международный аэропорт "Харьков" is an The airport itself is not big and is situated within the city boundaries, south from the city centre. Flights to Kiev and Moscow are available on a daily basis. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of There are regular flights to Vienna and Istanbul, and several other destinations. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Charter flights are also available. The former largest carrier of the Kharkiv Airport - Aeromost-Kharkiv - is not serving any regular destinations as of 2007.

The Kharkiv North Airport is a factory airfield and was a major production facility for Tupolev. Tupolev ( Туполев) is a Russian aerospace and defence company headquartered in Moscow.

There are speculations on building a new airport on the border with Russia, that would serve both Kharkiv and Russian city of Belgorod. Belgorod (Бе́лгород is a city in western Russia, situated on the Seversky Donets river just 40 km north from the Ukrainian border at.

Footnotes and references

External links