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Qo'qon Xonligi
Khanate of Kokand
1709 – 1876 →
Capital Kokand
Language(s) Uzbek, Kyrgyz
Religion Sunni Islam
Government Monarchy
Khan
 - 1709-1721 Shahrukh Biy
 - 1875-1876 Nasr al-Din Khan
History
 - Established 1709
 - Disestablished 1876
Khan's Palace, Kokand.
Khan's Palace, Kokand. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Kokand (alternative spellings Khokand, Khoqand; Uzbek: Quqon; Russian: Коканд:Куканд/کوکند; Chagatai Uzbek ( O‘zbek tili or O'zbekcha in Latin script, Ўзбек тили in Cyrillic script; أۇزبېك ﺗﻴﻠی in Arabic Kyrgyz or Kirghiz (Кыргыз тили Kyrgyz tili, قىرعىز ٴتىلى is a Turkic language, and together with Russian, an official A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or

The Khanate of Kokand (Uzbek: Qo'qon Xonligi) was a state in Central Asia that existed from 1709–1876 within the territory of modern Uzbekistan, southern Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Uzbek ( O‘zbek tili or O'zbekcha in Latin script, Ўзбек тили in Cyrillic script; أۇزبېك ﺗﻴﻠی in Arabic Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Tajikistan (təˈdʒɪkɨstæn or /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/ Тоҷикистон tɔʤikɪsˈtɔn or, Persian تاجیکستان‎ taajikestaan officially the Republic of Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан The name of the city and the khanate is also often spelled as Khoqand in modern scholarly literature.

Contents

History

The Khanate of Kokand was established in 1709 when the Shaybanid emir Shahrukh of the Minglar Uzbeks declared independence from the Khanate of Bukhara, establishing a principality in the western part of the Fergana Valley. The Uzbeks (Self designation sg O‘zbek, pl O‘zbeklar) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. Khanate of Bukhara (Buxoro Xonligi was a feudal state in Central Asia during the 16th–18th centuries The Fergana Valley or Farghana Valley (Farg‘ona vodiysi Kyrgyz: Фергана өрөөнү Tajik: водии Фaрғонa Ферганская долина He built a citadel to be his capital in the small town of Kokand, thus starting the Khanate of Kokand. Kokand (alternative spellings Khokand, Khoqand; Uzbek: Quqon; Russian: Коканд:Куканд/کوکند; Chagatai

His son Abd al-Karim and grandson Narbuta Beg enlarged the citadel. However, both Abd al-Karim and Narbuta Beg were forced to pay tribute to the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798, which to this day forms the basis for occasional Chinese claims of sovereignty over the Fergana Valley. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Fergana Valley or Farghana Valley (Farg‘ona vodiysi Kyrgyz: Фергана өрөөнү Tajik: водии Фaрғонa Ферганская долина

Narbuta Beg’s son Alim was both ruthless and efficient. He hired a mercenary army of Tajik highlanders, and conquered the western half of the Fergana Valley, including Khujand and Tashkent. Tajik ( - Tādjīk; UniPers: Tâjik; Cyrillic: Тоҷик is a term generally applied to Persian-speaking people of He was assassinated by his brother Omar in 1809. Omar’s son, Mohammed Ali (Madali Khan) ascended to the throne in 1821 at the age of 12. During his reign, the Khanate of Kokand reached its greatest territorial extent. In 1841, the British officer Captain Arthur Conolly failed in an effort to persuade the various khanates to put aside their differences, in an attempt to counter the growing penetration of the Russian Empire into the area. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Arthur Conolly (1807 - June 1842 Bokhara) (sometimes misspelled Connolly) was a British intelligence officer explorer and writer The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya He left Kokand for Bukhara in an ill-fated attempt to rescue fellow officer Colonel Charles Stoddart in November 1841 and both were executed in 1842. Bukhara (Buxoro Бухоро بُخارا Бухара also spelled as Bukhoro and Bokhara, from the Soghdian βuxārak ("lucky Colonel Charles Stoddart (1806 - June 1842 was a British officer and Diplomat.

Despite the best efforts of Omar’s widow, the famed poetess Nadira, Madali Khan excelled at cruelty and debauchery, giving Emir Nasrullah Khan of Bukhara an excuse to invade Kokand in 1842. Emir ( Arabic: ar أمير;, female أميرة; emira;) ( Farsi and Urdu: امیر) Nasrullah Khan, Emir of Bukhara from 1826 to 1860 a time when the Central Asian states were under pressure from the advance of Russia from the north and the British Preferring their own cruel and debauched despots over outsiders, the people of Kokand soon rebelled, and installed Madali Khan’s cousin Shir Ali on the throne. Over the next two decades, the khanate was weakened by bitter civil war and ethnic conflicts, further inflamed by Bukharan and Russian incursions. An ethnic conflict or ethnic war is a war between Ethnic groups often as a result of Ethnic nationalism. Shir Ali’s son Khudayar ruled from 1845 to 1858, and, after another interlude under Emir Nasrullah, again from 1865. In the meantime, Russia was continuing its advance. On June 28, 1865 Tashkent was taken by Russian troops of General Chernyayev; loss of Khujand followed in 1867. Mikhail Grigorievich Chernyayev ( Russian: Михайл Григорьевич Черняев 24 October 1828 - 16 August 1898) was

Shortly before the fall of Tashkent, Kokand’s most famous son, Yakub Beg, former lord of Tashkent, was sent by the then ruler of Kokand, Alimqul, to Kashgar, then in rebellion against the Chinese. Muhammad Yaqub Bek (1820 – May 30, 1877) ( Uzbek:Муҳаммад Яқуб Бек was an Uzbek adventurer who became head of the kingdom `Alimqul (also spelt Alimkul, Alim quli, Alim kuli) (ca 1833 - 1865 was the warlord in Kokand Khanate, and its de facto ruler in 1863-65 Kashgar or Kashi (officially transliterated as Kaxgar in Uyghur; قەشقەر/K̡ǝxk̡ǝr, is an Oasis The Dungan Revolt was a religious war It also known as the Hui Minorities' War and the Muslim Rebellion. As Alimqul was killed in 1865, and Tashkent was lost, many other Kokandian soldiers fled to join Yaqub Beg, helping him establish his dominion throughout the Tarim Basin until 1877. The Tarim Basin ( is a large Endorheic basin occupying an area of more than 400000 km²

Entrance to the Palace of Khuduyar Khan
Entrance to the Palace of Khuduyar Khan

In 1868, a commercial treaty turned Kokand into a Russian vassal state. The term vassal state commonly refers to any state that was subordinate to another in the pre-modern international system The now powerless Khudayar Khan spent his energies improving his lavish palace. Western visitors were impressed by the city of 80,000 people, with some 600 mosques and 15 madrasahs. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə. Insurrections against Russian rule and Khudayar’s oppressive taxes forced Khudayar into exile in 1875. He was succeeded by kinsman Pulad Khan, whose anti-Russian stance provoked the annexation of Kokand (after fierce fighting) by Generals Konstantin Petrovich Von Kaufman and Mikhail Skobelev in March 1876. Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman (Константин Петрович фон-Кауфман in Russian) ( 1818 - 1882) was the first Governor-General Mikhail Dmitrievich Skobelev (Михаи́л Дми́триевич Ско́белев (– was a Russian general famous for his conquest of Central Asia and heroism during Tsar Alexander II stated that he had been forced to "yield to the wishes of the Kokandi people to become Russian subjects. Alexander (Aleksandr II Nikolaevich (Александр II Николаевич ( Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St " The Khanate of Kokand was declared abolished, and incorporated into the Fergana Province of Russian Turkestan. Fergana Province (Farg‘ona viloyati Ферганский вилоят is an Viloyat (province of Uzbekistan, located in the southern part of the Fergana Russian Turkestan ( Russian: Русский Туркестан also known as Turkestansky Krai (Туркестанский край was Turkestan within

Altun Bishik

The Khans of Kokand wished to legitimize their rule of the khanate through a connection with the Timurids (ruled 1370–1506). The Timurids, self-designated Gurkānī ( were a Persianate Central Asian Sunni Muslim dynasty From the time of the last Timurids to that of the first Khans of Kokand there was a period of more than two hundred years. Faced with this situation, the Khans connected their genealogy with Babur through a legendary figure, “Altun Bishik”. Babur ( February 14 1483 - December 26 1530) was a Muslim conqueror from Central Asia who following a series of setbacks Altun Bishik (Altun Beshik Altin Bishik Altin Beshik is a mythological figure through whom the Khanate of Kokand claimed descent from the Timurid dynasty. In the legend, a baby of Babur's family was left in a bishik (cradle) when Babur fled prosecution, making for the limits of Transoxiana. The child was named Altun Bishik, after its imperial cradle, and in the legend he ostensibly lived from 918 AH/1512 CE – 952 AH/1545 CE. The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری ‎ Even in historical sources, he has appeared as a historic figure. In the legend of this baby began the Khans of Kokand. The legend in various versions has resulted in manuscripts on Kokand historical writtings, since the beginning of the 19th century. Despite it, Altun Bishik and the legend connected with him are not the historical truth.

Khans of Kokand (1800-1876)

References

External Link

Uzbek tourist site

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