Khanate or Chanat is a Turkish origined word used to describe a political entity ruled by a Khan. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. In Modern Turkish the word used is hanlık. This political entity is typical for people from the Eurasian Steppe and it can be equivalent to tribal chiefdom, principality, kingdom and even empire. The Eurasian Steppe (sometimes referred to collectively as The Steppes or The Steppe) is the term often used to describe the vast Steppe Ecoregion A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally consists of a Social group existing before the development of or outside of States Many anthropologists use A chiefdom is a type of complex society of varying degrees of centralization that is led by an individual known as a chief. A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or An empire (from the Latin " Imperium " denoting military Command within the ancient Roman government) is a State that

Khanates before the Mongol empire

• Göktürk Khaganate
• Western Turkic Khaganate
• Avar Khaganate
• Khazar Khaganate
• Rus' Khaganate

Mongol Khanates

When Genghis Khan died he divided his empire into four sections for each of his sons and grandsons. Göktürks ( Turkish: Gök Türkler) were a Turkic people of ancient Central Asia. The Western Turkic Khaganate was formed as a result of the internecine wars in the beginning of the 7th century ( 600 – 603 AD after the Göktürk The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. "Kazar" redirects here for the Marvel Comics character see Ka-Zar; for the village in Azerbaijan see Xəzər. The Rus' Khaganate Volkhov Rus, Ilmen Rus, or Novgorod Rus --> was a Polity that flourished during a poorly documented Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder These khanates increasingly diverged from each other as time went on. Those four Khanates were (excluding Yuan Dynasty):

• Ögedei Khanate
• Chagatai Khanate
• Golden Horde
• Il-Khanate

Post Mongol khanates

• Khanate of Kazan (Mongol term khan became active since Genghizide dynasty was settled in Kazan Duchy in 1430s; imperial Russian added to its titles the former Kazan khanate with the royal style tsar. The Yuan Dynasty ( Pinyin: Yuáncháo Dai Ön Ulus (Дай Юан Улс was a ruling Dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai The Chagatai Khanate was a Mongol and later more Turko-Islamic in language and culture Khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan This article refers to the medieval Turkic state For the Irish rock band see The Golden Horde (band. The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate (Ил Хан улс Il Khan uls;) was a Mongol Khanate established in The Kazan Khanate (Казан ханлыгы|Qazan xanlığı|قازان خانليغى Russian: Казанское ханство tr: Kazanskoe khanstvo The Kazan Khanate (Казан ханлыгы|Qazan xanlığı|قازان خانليغى Russian: Казанское ханство tr: Kazanskoe khanstvo Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation.
• Sibirean Khanate (giving its name to Siberia as the first significant conquest during Russia's great eastern expansion across the Ural range)
• Astrakhan Khanate
• Crimean Khanate. Siberia Khanate is an anachronistic rendering of its actual name Khanate of Sibir, a Tatar Khanate in the later Russian Siberia The Khanate of Astrakhan ( Xacitarxan Khanate) was a Tatar Feudal state that appeared after the collapse of the The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo;

Examples of other, humbler Tatar khanate dynasties made vassals of Muscovy/ Russia are:

• the Qasim Khanate (hence modern Kasimov), named after its founder, a vassal of Moscovia/Russia
• the nomadic state founded in 1801 as the Inner Horde (also called Buqei Horde, under Russian suzerainty) between Volga and Yaik (Ural) rivers by 5,000 families of Kazakhs from Younger Kazakh Zhuz tribe under a Sultan was restyled by the same in 1812 as Khanate of the Inner Horde; in 1845 the post of Khan was abolished);
• the Kalmyk khanate (established c. Qasim Khanate or Kingdom of Qasim ( Tatar: Qasím xanlığı/Касыйм ханлыгы, Qasím patşalığı/Касыйм патшалыгы The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое княжество Московское was a medieval Russian polity centered on Moscow between 1340 and The Ural (Урал Kazakh: Жайық, Jayıq or Zhayyq) known as Yaik before 1775, is a river flowing through A juz (жүз is one of the three main territorial divisions in the Desht-i Kypchak that covers much of the contemporary Kazakhstan Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings 1632 by the Torghut branch of the Mongolian Oirats, settled along the lower Volga River (in modern Russia and Kazakhstan)
• Nogai Khanate
• the khanate of Tuva near Outer Mongolia. The Nogai people (also written as Nogay or Noghai, and sometimes called Caucasian Mongols) are a Turkic ethnic group in northern Tyva Republic (Респу́блика Тыва́ Respublika Tyva, rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə tɨˈva Тыва Республика Tyva Respublika) or Tuva
• Khanate of Baku in current Azerbaijan. The Khanate of Baku was created in the 1720s and was abolished in the 19th century
• Besh Tau El

Further east, in imperial China's western Turkestan flank:

• Dörben Oyriad ('Four Confederates') or Dzungar (Kalmyk or Kalmuck people branch) Khanate formed in 1626, covering Xinjiang region of China, Kyrgyzstan, eastern Kazakhstan and western Mongolia; 2 December 1717 - 1720 also styled Protector of Tibet; 1755 tributary to China, 1756 annexed and dissolved in 1757
• Khanate of Kashgaria founded in 1514 as part of Djagataide Khanate;

17th century divided into several minor khanates without importance, real power going to the so-called Khwaja, Arabic islamic religious leaders; title changed to Amir Khan in 1873, annexed by China in 1877. Turkestan (literally meaning "Land of the Turks" is a region in Central Asia, which today is largely inhabited by Turkic peoples. Dzungaria is a geographical region in northwest China corresponding to the northern half of Xinjiang. Dzungar (also Jungar or Zungar; Mongolian: Зүүнгар Züüngar) is the collective identity of several Oirat tribes that Xinjiang ( Uyghur: شىنجاڭ Shinjang;; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang; Turkish: Sincan, Sincan Uygur Özerk Kashgar or Kashi (officially transliterated as Kaxgar in Uyghur; قەشقەر/K̡ǝxk̡ǝr, is an Oasis Khawaja or Khwaja ( Arabic: خواجة khawājah, Persian: خواجه pronounced khâje) is a title used

See also

• Khanates of the Caucasus
• Mongol Empire
• List of Mongol Khans