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Khalsa (Punjabi: ਖਾਲਸਾ, literally "Pure") refers to the collective body of all baptized Sikhs. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century The history of Sikhism is closely associated with the History of Punjab, the socio-political situation in medieval India, and the social structures and Simran and Seva: These are the Foundation of Sikhism. It is the duty of every Sikh to practise Naam Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak over the period of 1469 to 1708. Sikh Bhagats (ਭਗਤ from Sanskrit भक्त) refers to the saints and holy men of various faiths whose teachings are included in the Sikh holy book This article lists historical personalities who are important to the Sikh religion Mai Bhago (http//www The Sikh religious philosophy is covered in great detail in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh holy text Ek On Kar Sikhs believe there is only one God who has infinite qualities and names The Sikhs must believe in the following values Equality All humans are equal before God – No discrimination is allowed on the basis of caste race sex creed There are a number of religious prohibitions in Sikhism Cutting Hair Cutting hair is strictly forbidden in Sikhism Naam: Or Naam Japo. Free service ( Seva) meditation and prayer ( Simran) sacred music ( Kirtan) prod concern = This is not an encyclopedic topic This is a list of random unrelated facts about Sikhism Gurbani is the term used by Sikhs to refer to any compositions of the Gurus Sikh practices are simple precise and practical guidelines laid out by the Gurus for the practice of the "Sikh way of life" The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth (First Scripture) more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib. The Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ gurū granth sāhib) or Guru Granth Sahib, is the eleventh and eternal Guru of the Adi Granth (or Aad Granth, literally "the first book" is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji the fifth The Dasven Patshah Da Granth (ਦਸਵੇ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ ਦਾ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ (book of the Tenth Emperor popularly known as Dasam Granth(ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ This list is of topics related to Sikhs and Sikhism. Sikhism:CategorySikhism Sikhism Sikh Amritsar Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. The Khalsa was originally established as a military order of "saint-soldiers" on 30 March 1699, by Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru. A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak over the period of 1469 to 1708. It was the name given by the Guru to all his disciples baptized in the Amrit Sanchar ceremony. Amrit Sanskar or Amrit Sanchar or the Amrit ceremony is the Sikh ceremony of initiation or baptism

The symbolic meaning of Khalsa translates as "belonging exclusively to Guru Gobind Singh". Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was Guru Gobind Singh describes in his book, the Dasam Granth the qualities of Khalsa:[1]

The Khalsa is the reflection of my form, The Khalsa is my body and soul, The Khalsa is my very life. The Dasven Patshah Da Granth (ਦਸਵੇ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ ਦਾ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ (book of the Tenth Emperor popularly known as Dasam Granth(ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ . . . . . . . Our enemies are vanquished by the steadfastness of Khalsa, Unlike countless others, we are adorned by the Khalsa.

A Sikh who has been initiated in Khalsa is known as a Khalsa Sikh or Amritdhari, as opposed to Sahajdhari. Sahajdhari is a slow-adopter non-baptized Sikh who believes in all the tenets of Sikhism and the teaching of the Sikh Gurus.

Contents

History

The word Khalsa is derived from Arabic word khālisa[h] خالصة ("pure/devoted"). Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language [2][3] In Pre-Sikh tradition, the term is first used by Kabir and later incorporated in the Guru Granth Sahib. Al-Kabir "the Great" is also one of the 99 names of God in Islam The Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ gurū granth sāhib) or Guru Granth Sahib, is the eleventh and eternal Guru of the "Says Kabeer, those humble people become pure - they become Khalsa - who know the Lord's loving devotional worship"[4]and again in a hukmanama (order) by Guru Har Gobind (the sixth Guru), which refers to a sangat as "Guru ka khalsa" ("Guru's own Khalsa"). A Hukamnama refers to a hymn from the Guru Granth Sahib which is given as an order to Sikhs or a historical order given by one of the Guru's of Sikhism. Guru Har Gobind (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ also Sacha Padshah (ਸੱਚਾ ਪਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ True King For the Philippine island see Sangat Island Sangat, the Punjabi form of the Sanskrit term sangha It also appears in a letter by Guru Tegh Bahadur (the ninth Guru), in the same sense. Guru Tegh Bahadur ( 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on

Foundation

Although the early Mughal emperors had peaceful relations with the Sikh Gurus, the Sikhs started facing religious persecution during the reign of Jahangir. The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most Nuruddin Salim Jahangir (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Khushru-i-Giti Panah Abu'l-Fath Nur ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Padshah Ghazi ''( September 20 Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth Guru, was arrested and executed by Jahangir in 1606. Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April, Nuruddin Salim Jahangir (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Khushru-i-Giti Panah Abu'l-Fath Nur ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Padshah Ghazi ''( September 20 Also the 10th Guru was assassinated by Wazir Khan under the order of Aurangzeb

In 1675, Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of the Sikhs was executed by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb ( (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I Padshah Ghazi) ( November 4, Guru Tegh Bahadur ( 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on Aurangzeb ( (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I Padshah Ghazi) ( November 4, In 1699, his son and the tenth Guru, Gobind Singh decided to establish a military order to stage resistance against the Mughals. He sent hukmanamas (letters of authority) to his followers throughout the region, requesting them to congregate at Anandpur on 13 April 1699, the day of Baisakhi (the annual harvest festival). A Hukamnama refers to a hymn from the Guru Granth Sahib which is given as an order to Sikhs or a historical order given by one of the Guru's of Sikhism. Anandpur Sahib (ਅਨੰਦਪੁਰ ਸਾਹਿਬआनन्दपुर साहिब is a city and a Municipal council in Rupnagar district in the state Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Vaisakhi (ਵਸਾਖੀ vaisākhī, also known as Baisakhi) is an ancient Harvest festival in Punjab, which also marks beginning of A harvest festival is an annual celebration which occurs around the time of the main harvest of a given region [5]

Guru Gobind Singh addressed the congregation from the entryway of a small tent pitched on a small hill (now called Kesgarh Sahib). He drew his sword and asked for a volunteer who was willing to sacrifice his head. No one answered his first call, nor the second call, but on the third invitation, a person called Daya Ram (later known as Bhai Daya Singh) came forward and offered his head to the Guru. Bhai Daya Singh (1661-1708 one of the Panj Pyare or the Five Beloved celebrated in the Sikh tradition was the son of Bhai Suddha a Sobti Khatri of Lahore, Guru Gobind Singh took the volunteer inside the tent, and emerged shortly, with blood dripping from his sword. He then demanded another head. One more volunteer came forward, and entered the tent with him. Guru again emerged with blood on his sword. This happened three more times. Then the five volunteers came out of the tent unharmed. These five, who were willing to sacrifice their lives for their Guru, were called Panj Piare ("the five beloved ones"). The Panj Piare (ਪੰਜ ਪਿਆਰੇ Pañj Pi'ārē, literally the five beloved ones) name given to the five Sikhs Bhai Daya Singh, Bhai Dharam [5] These five volunteers were the first Khalsa Sikhs: Daya Ram (Bhai Daya Singh), Dharam Das (Bhai Dharam Singh), Himmat Rai (Bhai Himmat Singh), Mohkam Chand (Bhai Mohkam Singh), and Sahib Chand (Bhai Sahib Singh). Bhai Daya Singh (1661-1708 one of the Panj Pyare or the Five Beloved celebrated in the Sikh tradition was the son of Bhai Suddha a Sobti Khatri of Lahore, Bhai Dharam Singh (1666-1708 one of the Panj Pyare or the Five Beloved the forerunners of Khalsa, came of farming stock Bhai Himmat Singh (1661-1705, one of the Panj Pyare, or the Five Beloved celebrated in Sikh history was born in 1661 at Jagannathpuri in a low-caste family Bhai Mohkam Singh (1663-1705 Born Mohkam Chand one of the Panj Pyare or the Five Beloved of honoured memory in the Sikh tradition was the son of Tirath Chand a cloth printer Bhai Sahib Singh was one of the Panj Pyare or the Five Beloved of revered memory in the Sikh tradition was born the son of Bhai Guru Narayana, a barber of Bidar Some Sikhs believe that the Guru had actually beheaded the disciples, and then brought them back to life using divine powers, and others that he merely alluded to their beheading; however, there exists no reliable source as to what actually happened in the tent, and nobody involved with the act ever suggested one conjecture over any others. Regardless, to Sikhs, what actually happened in the tent ultimately bears no significance for it was the sacrificial nature of the act performed by the five volunteers that is important.

Guru Gobind Singh then took an iron bowl, and poured some water in it. Sahib Devan (later Mata Sahib Kaur) added some sugar crystals to the water in the bowl, and Guru stirred this mixture with a double-edged sword whilst reciting gurbani. Mata Sahib Kaur is known as the "Mother of the Khalsa" Gurbani is the term used by Sikhs to refer to any compositions of the Gurus These actions allude to the nature expected of the inductees to the Khalsa: that they must have the will and the strength to fight oppression (symbolized by the sword), but must always remember that their actions are born from protection and not hatred (symbolized by the sweetness of the sugar). This sacred mixture, named Amrit ("nectar"), forms the root of the word "Amritsar" (meaning "pool of nectar") — the holy city of the Sikhs. Amrita or Amrit (अमृत ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ಅಮೃತ అమృతము is a Sanskrit word that literally means "without death" and is often Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state Each of the panj pyares drank five palmfuls of the amrit, and had amrit sprinkled in their eyes five times. Each time, they repeated the phrase, "Waheguru ji ka Khalsa, Waheguru ji ki Fateh" ("The Khalsa belongs to God, the victory belongs to God"). Then they received five sprinkles in their hair and sipped from the bowl of amrit. Guru Gobind Singh gave them all the surname "Singh" (meaning "lion") over their original surnames (which indicated the caste that they originally belonged to) to symbolize the caste-less nature of the order, and indeed of the religion itself. Singh (सिंह sinh, ਸਿੰਘ singh, સિંહ sinh) is derived from the Sanskrit word Siṃha meaning " Caste (Sanskrit Gyati ज्ञाति, Hindi Biradari बिरादरी samaj समाज jati जाति etc, Urdu Zat ज़ात) is an Endogamous group Similarly, every subsequent male who takes the ceremony are also given the surname "Singh", and every female is given the name "Kaur" (meaning "princess"); the collective body of whom is called the Khalsa. The Panj Piare were thus the first baptised Sikhs, and became the first members of the Khalsa brotherhood, who symbolically regard Guru Gobind Singh as their "father", and Mata Sahib Kaur as their "mother". [5] Khalsa claims Anandpur, where they were created by Guru Gobind Singh, as their home, and celebrate Vaisakhi as their birthday. Vaisakhi (ਵਸਾਖੀ vaisākhī, also known as Baisakhi) is an ancient Harvest festival in Punjab, which also marks beginning of [5]

Initial tensions with the non-Khalsa disciples

With the creation of Khalsa, Guru Gobind Singh had abolished all existing social divisions. In their new order the lowest of the low would stand with the highest, all would become one and drink from one vessel. [6] All previous beliefs relating to family, occupation, customs and ceremonies were declared useless by the Guru and salvation could be achieved only by the ways of the Khalsa. This caused uncomfort to those who considered themselves to be superior races and they protested. Many departed from the ceremeony, but the Guru declared that the low castes should be raised and would dwell next to himself. [6]

The newswriter of the Mughal goverenment, Ghulam Mohyiuddin, reporting to the Emperor wrote:[7][8]

“ He has abolished caste and custom, old rituals, beliefs and supertitions of the Hindus and bonded them in one single brotherhood. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical No one will be superior or inferior to another. Men of all castes have been made to eat out of the single bowl. Though orthodox men have opposed him, about twenty thousand men and women have taken baptism of steel at his hand on the first day. The Guru has also told the gathering: "I' ll call myself Gobind Singh only if i can make the meek sparrows pounce upon the hawks and tear them; only if one combatant of my force faces a legion of the enemy" ”

Sri Gur Sobha (18th century) by Sainapati (Saina Singh) contains two sections (adhyays) on the controversies that arose, when Guru Gobind Singh's disciples in Delhi heard the news of his new order. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population [9] Much of the controversy stated in Sri Gur Sobha revolves around bhaddar, the ritual shaving of head after death of a close relative, which was discouraged by Guru Gobind Singh. According to Sainapti, while creating the Khalsa, Guru Gobind Singh said that bhaddar is bharam (illusion), and not dharam. The Sanskrit term ( Devanāgarī: धर्म Pali transliteration dhamma) is an Indian spiritual and religious [9]

Tensions developed between the Punjabi Khatri disciples of the Guru in Delhi, and members of the newly-formed Khalsa. Khatri ( Punjabi: ਖੱਤਰੀ Hindi: खत्री is the Punjabi language adaptation or pronunciation of Sanskrit word Kshatriya A prominent Khatri disciple was expelled from the place of worship (dharmasala) for refusing to join the Khalsa. Another disciple was expelled for eating with him, starting a chain of further expulsions. [9] The expelled disciples convened a community gathering, at which two wealthy Khatris demanded that the Khalsa produce a written order from the Guru that a new mandatory code of conduct had been promulgated. A Khatri family that refused to follow the bhaddar ritual was boycotted by the Khatri community. [9] The Khatri council (panch) closed the bazaar (market) to pressurize the Khalsa. The Panchayat is a South Asian Political system. ‘Panchayat’ literally means assembly ( yat) of five ( panch) wise and respected elders chosen The Khalsa petitioned the state officials to intervene, who forced reopening of the shops. Later, peace was established between the two groups in a sangat (congregration). However, hostility between some Khatris and the Khalsa persisted in the later years. [9]

Another rift between the Khalsa and some other Nanak Panthi groups seems to be the Khalsa's firm adherence to the doctrine that Guru Gobind Singh had ended the line of human Gurus, declaring the Adi Granth as the next Guru. Adi Granth (or Aad Granth, literally "the first book" is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji the fifth Some eighteenth century Sikhs (urban Khatris most likely prominent among them) extended the line of Gurus to include Banda Bahadur, Mata Sundari, Mata Sahib Kaur, Mata Sundari's adopted son (Ajit Singh) and grandson (Hathi Singh). Baba Banda Singh Bahadur (1670-1716 (Lachhman Dev was a Sikh warrior known for his struggle against the Mughal Empire in the Mata Jito Ji (properly known as 'Mata Ajeet Kaur' ji was the first wife of Guru Gobind Singh ji (1666-1708 the daughter of Bhai Ram Saran a Kumarav Khatri of Bijvara in Mata Sahib Kaur is known as the "Mother of the Khalsa" Sahibzada Ajit Singh (1687 - 1705 was the eldest of Guru Gobind Singh 's four sons [9]

Khalsa as a military force

One of the duties of a Khalsa was to practice arms and be ready to defend the weak. This was deemed necessary due to the rising religious persecution from zealous Islamic Mughal rulers. The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most In this context the Khalsa rose as a group as saint-warriors to withstand the Mughals.

After the death of Guru Gobind Singh, his disciple Banda Singh Bahadur led the Khalsa warriors in an uprising against the Mughals. Baba Banda Singh Bahadur (1670-1716 (Lachhman Dev was a Sikh warrior known for his struggle against the Mughal Empire in the Banda Singh Bahadur first established a Sikh kingdom when he defeated the Mughals at Sirhind. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sirhind-Fatehgarh is a city and a Municipal council in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the He and his comrades were eventually defeated and executed, but he became an icon among the Khalsa Sikhs. By the late 1730s, the Khalsa regrouped as a military force under Nawab Kapur Singh, who gathered local chieftains and created Dal Khalsa, a coalition army. Nawab Kapur Singh (1697-1753 is considered one of the pivotal and legendary figures in Sikh history under whose courageous leadership the [10] The Dal Khalsa fought with the Mughals and the Afghans, eventually resulting in the establishment of a Sikh kingdom in the Punjab region.

After the fall of the Mughal empire and the later establishment of a Sikh state in Punjab, the Khalsa became an instrument of the Punjab Maharajas: the Khalsa was a democratic body, and could oppose the Maharaja. Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c By the death of Ranjit Singh in 1839 the regular army of Punjab was assessed by Sir Lepel Griffin at 29000 men, with 192 artillery guns. Maharaja Ranjit Singh (ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ also called "Sher-e-Punjab" ("The Lion of the Punjab" (1780-1839 was a The irregular levies were estimated at a similar number. [11]

See also: Sikh Khalsa Army

Modern status

The Khalsa order attracted the vast Jat peasantry of middle and eastern Punjab, and over the years, the Khalsa Sikhs became the orthodox majority in the Sikh community. Sikh Khalsa Army (1801-1849 was the Military force of the Sikh Empire responsible for Land warfare, land defence, and all responsibilities [12] The rise of Khalsa dominance in the Sikh community is sometimes associated with rise of Jat influence in the Sikh community, and the decline of the Khatri influence (all ten Sikh Gurus were Khatris). Khatri ( Punjabi: ਖੱਤਰੀ Hindi: खत्री is the Punjabi language adaptation or pronunciation of Sanskrit word Kshatriya [13] However, W. H. McLeod states that while the Khalsa may incorporate powerful Jat influences, it would be a "naive interpretation" to regard the Khalsa as an "institutionalized conquest of the (Sikh) Panth by its Jat constituency". [13] Under the Khalsa dominance, the Sikh religion came to be identified with the Khalsa and the Jats, although not all of the Khalsa Sikhs are Jats, and not all Sikhs subscribed to the Khalsa code of conduct. [12]

Today, the Khalsa brotherhood is respected by the entire Sikh community; however, not all Sikhs are Amritdharis. [5] The issue of Khalsa code of conduct has led to several controversies. In the early 1950s, a serious split occurred in the Canadian Sikh community, when the Khalsa Diwan Society in Vancouver elected a clean-shaven Sikh to serve on its management committee. The Sikh diaspora is a relatively recent term used to describe the phenomenon of Sikh migration from the traditional The Khalsa Diwan Society Vancouver is a Sikh society based at a Gurdwara in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal [14] Although most of the early Sikh immigrants to Canada were non-Khalsa, and a majority of the members of the society were clean-shaven non-Khalsa Sikhs, a faction objected to the election of a non-Khalsa to the management committee. The factions in Vancouver and Victorial broke away from the Khalsa Diwan Society, and established their own gurdwara society called Akali Singh. [14]

In the United Kingdom also, there have been tensions between the Khalsa Sikhs and the non-Khalsa Sikhs. Many Sikhs in Britain have insisted on their right of not confirming to the Khalsa norms, while maintaining that they are truly Sikh. On the other hand, some of the Khalsa Sikhs think of the non-Khalsa Sikhs as having abandoned the Sikh faith altogether. [15]

Khalsa code of conduct

A Khalsa needs to follow rules and codes of conduct set by Guru Gobind Singh. Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was The Reht Maryada (code of conduct) is based upon guidlines laid down by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699. The Rehat Maryada is the Sikh Code of Conduct which was put into force right from the birth of Sikhism.

Five Ks

Main article: Five Ks
Kanga, Kara and Kirpan - three of the five articles of faith endowed to the Sikhs.
Kanga, Kara and Kirpan - three of the five articles of faith endowed to the Sikhs. "Five K" can also refer to a five-kilometer distance in long-distance running or other sports The Sikhs were commanded by Guru Gobind Singh at the Baisakhi Amrit Sanchar in 1699 to wear a small comb called a Kanga at all times Kara (or Kada or Karra) is an iron Bangle, worn by both male and female baptized Sikhs It is one of the five Kakars &ndash The Kirpan (kɪrˈpɑn (ਕਿਰਪਾਨ kirpān) is a ceremonial sword or dagger that must be worn by all baptised Sikhs ( Khalsa) after

The Five Ks (see Five Ks), or panj kakaar/kakke, are five items of faith that all Khalsa are required to wear at all times, at the command of the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh who so ordered at the Baisakhi Amrit Sanskar in 1699. "Five K" can also refer to a five-kilometer distance in long-distance running or other sports Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was Vaisakhi (ਵਸਾਖੀ vaisākhī, also known as Baisakhi) is an ancient Harvest festival in Punjab, which also marks beginning of Amrit Sanskar or Amrit Sanchar or the Amrit ceremony is the Sikh ceremony of initiation or baptism They are:-

They are for identification and representation of the ideals of Sikhism, such as honesty, equality, fidelity, meditating on God, and never bowing to tyranny. [16]

Distinction between Khalsa and Sahajdhari

All Khalsa Sikhs are Sahajdharis (non-baptized Sikhs) at some point in their life. Sahajdhari is a slow-adopter non-baptized Sikh who believes in all the tenets of Sikhism and the teaching of the Sikh Gurus. In Sikhism, the children are not baptized at birth because the ceremony requires the individual to become a Khalsa Sikh by free will. The question of free will The person aspiring to be a Khalsa must be able to speak, read and recite from the Sikh scriptures. The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth (First Scripture) more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib. All Khalsa Sikhs must follow a very strict code of conduct for the rest of their lives. As Khalsa all Guru Gobind Singh's codes of conducts and daily religious practices must be followed for life with no infraction (only exception being if the person is ill or unwell so can't do the daily pray). Since the initiation into the Khalsa is a serious step, only a person mature enough to understand and accept the Khalsa way of life should undertake it. However, there are several cases of younger people being initiated into Khalsa. [17]

Due to these hard requirements many people are Sahajdhari Sikhs. Sahajdhari is a slow-adopter non-baptized Sikh who believes in all the tenets of Sikhism and the teaching of the Sikh Gurus.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Guru Gobind Singh. Sahajdhari is a slow-adopter non-baptized Sikh who believes in all the tenets of Sikhism and the teaching of the Sikh Gurus. Dasam Granth.  
  2. ^ John Stratton Hawley, Gurinder Singh Mann (1993). Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America. SUNY Press, 178. ISBN 0791414256.  
  3. ^ Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh (1992). The Sikhs in Ferment: Battles of the Sikh Gurus. Punjab (India): National Book Organisation. ISBN 8185135576.  
  4. ^ http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Search&Param=english
  5. ^ a b c d e Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996). Fighting for faith and nation dialogues with Sikh militants. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 43-45. ISBN 978-0812215922. OCLC 44966032. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
  6. ^ a b Cunningham, Joseph Davey (2002). "Sikhism under Govind", A history of Sikhs. Rupa & Co. , New Delhi, 68-69. ISBN 8171677649.  
  7. ^ Singh, Sangat (2005). "Evolution of Sikh Panth", The Sikhs in History. Singh Brothers, 67-68. ISBN 8172052758.  
  8. ^ Singh, Gopal. A history of the Sikh people. Delhi, 291.  
  9. ^ a b c d e f Deol, Jeevan (2001). "Eighteenth Century Khalsa Identity: Discourse, Praxis and Narrative", in Arvind-pal Singh and Mandair, Gurharpal Singh and Christopher Shackle: Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Routledge, 25-26. ISBN 978-0700713899. OCLC 45337782. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
  10. ^ Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996). Fighting for faith and nation dialogues with Sikh militants. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 107. ISBN 978-0812215922. OCLC 44966032. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
  11. ^ Major Pearse, Hugh; Ranjit Singh and his white officers. In Gardner, Alexander [1898] (1999). The Fall of Sikh Empire. Delhi, India: National Book Shop. ISBN 81-7116-231-2.  
  12. ^ a b Ahmed, Ishtiaq (1999). State, Nation and Ethnicity in Contemporary South Asia. Continuum International Publishing Group, 115-116. ISBN 978-1855675780. OCLC 33008494. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
  13. ^ a b [1987] in Karine Schomer and W. H. McLeod: The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India. Motilal Banarsidass, 238-242. Motilal Banarsidass (MLBD is a leading Indian publishing house on Sanskrit and Indology since 1903 located in Delhi, India. ISBN 978-8120802773. OCLC 17747311. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
  14. ^ a b [1998] (1999) in Paul Robert Magocsi: Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples. University of Toronto Press, 1157. ISBN 978-0802029386. OCLC 56300149. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
  15. ^ Parsons, Gerald (1994). The Growth of Religious Diversity: Britain from 1945. Routledge, 231. ISBN 978-0415083263. OCLC 29957116. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
  16. ^ Eleanor Nesbitt, "Sikhism: a very short introduction", ISBN 0-19-280601-7, Oxford University Press, pp. 40–43
  17. ^ Fowler, Jeaneane D. ; Merv Fowler, David Norcliffe, Nora Hill, Diane Watkins (1997). World Religions: An Introduction for Students. Sussex Academic Press, 369. ISBN 978-1898723493. OCLC 37560846. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  

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