Sikh Republic of Khalistan
Anthem: Deg Teg O Fateh
Capital		Amritsar, Chandigarh
Largest city		Ludhiana
Official languages		Punjabi and English
Government		Democracy, Theocracy
-	Supreme Ruler	Sri Guru Granth Sahib
-	Commander-in-Chief of the State and the Khalsa Army	Interim six-member Committee of the Five Jathedars of the Holy Five Takhts and Chief of Damdami Taksal
Currency		Khalistani Dollar

Khālistān (East Punjabi: ਖਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ), official title Sikh Republic of Khalistan, was the name given by Jagjit Singh Chauhan, to a proposed nation-state based on theocratic principles. The term anthem means either a specific form of Anglican church music (in Music theory and religious contexts or more generally a song (or composition of An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. The Damdami Taksal is a Sikh religious institution founded by the tenth Guru of the Sikhs Guru Gobind Singh Ji A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an Dr Jagjit Singh Chauhan (or Chohan was the original founder of the Khalistan movement that sought to create an independent Sikh state ^[1]. Most neutral political commentators believe the violence against non-Sikhs and followed by the removal of gunmen from the Golden Temple was the next catalyst behind the separatist movement. Operation Blue Star ( ਬਿਲਯੂ ਸਟਾਰ, बिल्यू स्टार) ( June 3 to June 6, 1984) was an Indian military operation Separatism refers to the advocacy of a state of cultural ethnic tribal religious racial or gender separation from the larger group often with demands for greater political autonomy The separatist movement for Khalistan rose to its crest in 1980s in India and then slowly ebbed out, however the movement now finds widespread support among expatriate Sikhs^[2]. Separatism refers to the advocacy of a state of cultural ethnic tribal religious racial or gender separation from the larger group often with demands for greater political autonomy The Khalistan movement is a movement in Indian Punjab to create "The Land of the Pure" as an independent Sikh state in all Punjabi -speaking Khalistan had some support from some sections of the Sikhs in North America, prior to the terrorist attack on Air India Flight 182^[3]. Air India Flight 182 was an Air India operating on the Montreal - London - Delhi route The Khalistan movement is now widely seen as a smaller scale terrorist movement by youth living in the UK and North America, rather than Punjabis in India themselves wanting a separate state. Khalistani groups are monitored by European and US Governments. ^[4]

Political lobbyists in the USA once included politicians Dan Burton^[5], Jesse Helms^[6], and Edolphus Towns^[7]. Lobbying includes all attempts to influence Legislators and officials whether by other legislators constituents or organized groups Danny "Dan" Lee Burton (born June 21 1938) American politician is a member of the United States House of Representatives for Jesse Alexander Helms Jr (October 18 1921 – July 4 2008 was a five-term Republican United States Senator from North Carolina who served as chairman Edolphus "Ed" Towns (born July 21, 1934) is an American politician and a member of the U Other lobbyists include Lord Avebury (Eric Lubbock) ^[8], and Lord Nazir Ahmed^[9]. Baron Avebury, of Avebury in the County of Wiltshire, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Nazir Ahmed Baron Ahmed (born 1958 is a Labour member of the House of Lords.

The Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh (d. Maharaja Ranjit Singh (ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ also called "Sher-e-Punjab" ("The Lion of the Punjab" (1780-1839 was a 1839) had an independent state with Lahore as the capital. ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. In 1849 his state was annexed and become part of British territory. Under the Treaty of Amritsar the state was to restored to the Sikhs once Duleep Singh attained the age of 21. ^[10] However, Maharaja Ranjit Singh was one of the most famous secular monarchs in South Asian history and respected all religions. Maharaja Ranjit Singh (ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ also called "Sher-e-Punjab" ("The Lion of the Punjab" (1780-1839 was a Secularity ( adjective form secular) is the state of being separate from Religion. ^[11] Therefore, his relevance and use by Khalistan separatists is viewed by most as politically mischievous. The Khalistan movement is a movement in Indian Punjab to create "The Land of the Pure" as an independent Sikh state in all Punjabi -speaking The ISI ran Operation K2 in the 90's to create both Kashmir and the remainder of Punjab with the hope of accession of both states to The Islamic State of Pakistan^[12]

Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 References 4 Sources

History

Main article: Khalistan movement

In the 1970s and 80s, a movement began in the Indian state of Punjab to secede from the Indian Union and create a separate sovereign Sikh state of Khalistan. History After independence in 1947 two new intelligence agencies were created in Pakistan called the Intelligence Bureau (IB and Military Intelligence This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. Accession (from Lat accedere, to go to to approach in Law, a method of acquiring Property adopted from Roman law (see Accessio Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Khalistan movement is a movement in Indian Punjab to create "The Land of the Pure" as an independent Sikh state in all Punjabi -speaking India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. Supported by the Pakistani Inter Services Intelligence^[13][14] agency,the movement reached its peak during mid 1980s under Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and History After independence in 1947 two new intelligence agencies were created in Pakistan called the Intelligence Bureau (IB and Military Intelligence Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale (ਜਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਭਿੰਡਰਾਂਵਾਲੇ ʤəɾnɛl sɪ́ŋg pɪ̀ɳɖɾɑnʋɑɺ̡e (February 12 1947 &ndash June 6 1984 was It then slowly ebbed out, primarily due to the loss of popular support. The movement also hindered economic investment, became increasingly militant, and threw Punjab into a state of anarchy with increased levels of terrorism. Anarchy (from αναρχία anarchía, "without ruler " may refer to any of the following "Absence of government a state of lawlessness Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion The movement was also countered by counter-terrorism operations conducted by the Indian Army and the Punjab Police led by KPS Gill which caused the deaths of thousands of innocent Sikhs according to the Human Rights Watch. The Indian Army (Bharatiya Thalsena भारतीय थाल्सेना is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based Kanwar Pal Singh Gill is retired Indian police officer author and sports administrator Human Rights Watch is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Human rights.

After the bombing of Air India Flight 182 that claimed the lives of 329 Canadian civilians over the Irish Sea, the worst aviation terrorist attack before September 11, 2001 attacks, support for Khalistan lessened to a large extent. Air India Flight 182 was an Air India operating on the Montreal - London - Delhi route Two of the accused in the case, the Sikh separatists Ripudaman Singh Malik and Ajaib Singh Bagri were found not guilty for lack of admissible evidence and released, while a third accused Inderjit Singh Reyat was sentenced to ten years after pleading guilty. Air India Flight 182 was an Air India operating on the Montreal - London - Delhi route Air India Flight 182 was an Air India operating on the Montreal - London - Delhi route Air India Flight 182 was an Air India operating on the Montreal - London - Delhi route ^[15] In 1989 Canadian journalists Zuhair Kashmeri and Brian McAndrew in their book Soft Target propounded a conspiracy theory that the Government of India could have staged the attack to portray the separatists in bad light. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Soft Target: How the Indian Intelligence Service Penetrated Canada is a speculative journalism work in the form of a book written by two Canadian Reporters A conspiracy theory attributes the ultimate cause of an event or chain of events (usually Political, Social or Historical events or the concealment This book was later viewed by the official Commission of Inquiry in Canada as a work of fiction based on the events surrouding Flight 182 especially after the plead of guilt by Inderjit Singh Reyat^[16]

Another book written by acclaimed investigative journalist Salim Jiwa titled 'Margin of Terror': A Reporter's Twenty-Year Odyssey Covering The Tragedies of the Air India Bombing, gives an eye-witness account of the terrorist bombing of Flight 182 and appears to be more in line with the findings of Canadian Law Enforcement. Air India Flight 182 was an Air India operating on the Montreal - London - Delhi route ^[17]

Other prominent journalists who have had death threats against them for their investigative journalism on Khalistan terrorism include Vancouver Sun journalist, Kim Bolan and Tara Singh Hayer who was murdered on November 18th 1998. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion The Vancouver Sun is a daily newspaper first published in the Canadian province of British Columbia on February 12, 1912 Kim Bolan has been a reporter at The Vancouver Sun since she started in journalism in 1984 Tara Singh Hayer, OBC ( November 15, 1936 – November 18, 1998) was a Sikh Canadian newspaper publisher and In 1999, Canadian Journalists for Free Expression renamed its Press Freedom Award the "Tara Singh Hayer Press Freedom Award" in Hayer's honour. Canadian Journalists for Free Expression ( CJFE) is a Canadian Non-governmental organization supported by Canadian Journalists and advocates of Each year, the award is given to a Canadian journalist who, through his or her work, has made an important contribution to reinforcing and promoting the principle of freedom of the press in Canada or elsewhere.

Geography

According to the Khalistan web-site:

The geographical boundaries of Khalistan will include current East Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pardesh, part of Rajasthan and small part of Uttar Pardesh. River Ravi on the west and river Jamuna on the east will be some of the boundary lines between Khalistan & Pakistan, Khalistan & India respectively. In the north, part of Himalayan range and in south, part of Thar Desert will make the geographical boundaries of Khalistan. ^[18]

This would still end up making the proposed region a Hindu majority by default. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical ^[19] Paramjit Singh Ajrawat states that Khalistan will be a theocratic state with a non-secular based fundamentalist constitution. Theocracy is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler Secularity ( adjective form secular) is the state of being separate from Religion.

References

Sources

• List of terrorist violence in Punjab
• List of terrorist groups banned across Europe
• List of terrorist groups banned by US Government
• Amnesty International on Punjab lack of Justice and Impunity
• Death of Flight 182 website
• Human Rights Watch; Time for India to Deliver Justice in Punjab

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