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Kermanshah Province
استان كرمانشاه
Location
Map of Iran with Kermanshah highlighted.
Info
Admin. Center:
 • Coordinates:		 Kermanshah
 • 34.3176° N 47.0869° E
Area : 24,998 km²
Population(2005):
 • Density :		 1,938,060
 • 77. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Kermanshah or Kermashan ( Kermānshāh; Kurdish: کرماشان Kirmaşan is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located 525 km Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 5/km²
No. of Counties: 13
Time zone: UTC+3:30
Main language(s): Kurdish
Persian
Laki

Kermanshah Province (Persian: استان کرمانشاه; Kurdish: Kirmaşan) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. The provinces of Iran further subdivided into counties called shahrestan ( Persian: شهرستان shahrestān) an area inside an ostan UTC+330 is used in Iran ( Iran Standard Time) This article deals with the languages found in Iran. The Iranian languages article deals with the linguistic branch of the Indo-European languages The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. Laki or Leki a transitory language between the Southwestern and Northwestern Iranian languages. The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. Iran is subdivided into thirty provinces ( Persian: استان ostān, plural استان‌ها ostānhā) each governed from a local center For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. It is in the west of the country, bordering Iraq. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Between 1979 and the 1990s, the province was known as Bakhtaran.

Its capital Kermanshah (34°18′N, 47°4′E) is located in the middle of the western part of Iran. Kermanshah or Kermashan ( Kermānshāh; Kurdish: کرماشان Kirmaşan is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located 525 km The population of the city is 822,921.

The city is built on the slopes of Mt. Sefid Koohand extended toward south during last two decades. Mt Sefid Kooh is a mountain 10 km to the south of Kermanshah, Iran. The builtup areas run alongside Sarab River and Valley. City's elevation average about 1350 meters above sea level.

The distance between Kermanshah and Teheran is 525 km. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of It is the trade center of rich agricultural region that produces grain, rice, vegetable, fruits, and oilseeds, and there are many industrial centers, oil and sugar refineries, and cement, textile and flour factories, etc. The airport (Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani Airport) is located in north east of the city, and the distance from Tehran is 413 km by air. Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani Airport is an airport in Kermanshah, Iran.

Contents

Counties

Kemanshah consists of 14 shahrestans (counties):

Kermanshah County; Islamabad-e-gharb County; Paveh County; Harsin County; Kangavar County; Sonqor County; Javanrud County; Salas-e-babajani County; Ravansar County; Dalahu County; Gilan-e-gharb County; Sahneh County; Qasr-e-Shirin County; Sarpol-e-Zahab County,

Major cities and towns in Kermanshah Province: Kermanshah; Islamabad-e-gharb; Paveh; Harsin; Kangavar; Sonqor; Javanrood; Salas-e-babajani; Ravansar; Dalahoo; Gilan-Gharb; Sahneh; Qasr-e Shirin; Sarpol-e-Zahab,

History

The Province has a rich paleolithic heritage. Kermanshah County (شهرستان کرمانشاه is a County in Kermanshah Province in Iran. Islamabad-e-gharb County (شهرستان اسلام‌آباد غرب is a County in Kermanshah Province in Iran. Paveh County (شهرستان پاوه is a County in Kermanshah Province in Iran. Harsin County (شهرستان هرسین is a County in Kermanshah Province in western Iran. Kangavar County (شهرستان کنگاور is a County in Kermanshah Province in Iran. Sonqor County ( Persian: شهرستان سنقر is a County in Kermanshah Province in Iran. Javanrud County (شهرستان جوانرود is a County in Kermanshah Province in Iran. Gilan-e-gharb County (شهرستان گیلان غرب is a County in Kermanshah Province in Iran. Sahneh County ( Persian: شهرستان صحنه is a County in Kermanshah Province in Iran. Qasr-e-Shirin County (شهرستان قصر شیرین is a County in Kermanshah Province in Iran. Sarpol-e-Zahab County ( Persian: شهرستان سرپل ذهاب is a County in Kermanshah Province in Iran. Kermanshah or Kermashan ( Kermānshāh; Kurdish: کرماشان Kirmaşan is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located 525 km Paveh (in Kurdish Pawe, in Persian: پاوه is a city in Iranian province of Kermanshah ( Kirmaşan) Harsin (هرسین is a town and the governmental seat of Harsin County in Kermanshah Province, Iran. Kangāvar ( ( Konkobar or Concobar) is the name of a small district in the province of Kermanshah in Iran, as well as of the town that is Sonqor or Songhor & Koliai ( Kulliye meaning having everything also a charitable purposes) is a Mountainous county of Kermanshah Province. Javanrud (جوانرود is a city in the Kermanshah province of Iran. Ravansar (روانسر is an ancient small town in the northwest of Kermanshah Province in the west of Iran. Sahneh (album ( Persian: صحنه) is the second Studio album by singer Siavash Shams released by Caltex Records. Qasr-i Shirin, (Kurdish Qesri Shírín قه‌سرشیرین Persian قصر شیرین means the Palace of Shirin Many caves with Paleolithic remains have been surveyed or excavated there. The term Paleolithic (or Palaeolithic) (from Greek παλαιός palaios, " Old " and λίθος Lithos, "stone" some of these cave sites are located in Bisetun and north of Kermanshah. The first known physical remains of Neanderthal man in Iran was discovered in Bisetun cave. Do-Ashkaft, Kobeh, Warwasi, and Mar Tarik are some of the Middle Paleolithic sites in the region. The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Kermanshah also has many Neolithic sites, of which the most famous are Ganj Dareh, Sarab, and Asiab. Kermanshah or Kermashan ( Kermānshāh; Kurdish: کرماشان Kirmaşan is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located 525 km The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos Ganj Dareh is a Neolithic settlement in Iranian Kurdistan, it is located in the east of Kermanshah. At Ganj Dareh, the earliest evidence for goat domestication have been documented . The monuments found in Kermanshah show two glorious periods, the Achaemenid and Sassanid eras. The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire

The mythical ruler of the Pishdadian is described as founding the city while Tahmores Divband built it. An alternative narrative is that the construction was by Bahram IV of the Sassanid dynasty during the 4th century CE. Kermanshah reached a peak during the reign of Hormizd IV and Khosrau I of Sassanids, before being demoted to a secondary royal residence. Hormizd IV, son of Khosrau I, reigned as the twenty-first King of Persia from 579 to 590 Khosrau I or Khosrow I ( Chosroes I in classical sources most commonly known in Persian as Anushirvan, Persian انوشيروان meaning

The city suffered major damage during the Arab invasions but recovered in the Safavid period to make great progress. The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz Concurrent with the Afghan attack and the fall of Isfahan, Kermanshah was almost comletely destroyed by the Ottoman invasion. Esfahān or Isfahan (historically also rendered as Ispahan or Hispahan, Old Persian: Aspadana, Middle Persian: Spahān The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish

During the Iran-Iraq War the province suffered heavy fighting. Most towns and cities were badly damaged and some like Sar-e Pol-e Zahab and Qhasr-e-Shirin were almost completely destroyed.

At the top panel Khosrow II is believed to be standing here in this relief at Taq-e Bostan. On his left is Ahura Mazda, on his right is Anahita, and below him is a mounted Persian knight.
At the top panel Khosrow II is believed to be standing here in this relief at Taq-e Bostan. Khosrau II or Khosrow II ( Chosroes II or Xosrov II in classical sources sometimes called Taqwasân or Taq-e Bostan or Taq-i-Bustan ( Persian: طاق بستان, Kurdish: Taqwesan is a series of large rock relief from the era of On his left is Ahura Mazda, on his right is Anahita, and below him is a mounted Persian knight. Ahura Mazda ( ae Ahura Mazdā) is the Avestan language name for a divinity exalted by Zoroaster as the one uncreated Creator ae Aredvi Sura Anahita ( ae Arədvī Sūrā Anāhitā) is the Avestan language name of an Indo-Iranian Cosmological figure venerated as the divinity

Climate

As it is situated between two cold and warm regions enjoys a moderate climate. Kermanshah has a moderate and mountainous climate. It rains most in winter and is moderately warm in summer. The annual rainfall is 500 mm. The average temperature in the hottest months is above 22 °C.

Culture and economy

Language

Persian and Kurdish are the main languages spoken in the province with some Arab and Turk minorities.

Higher education and research

Local products

Hand made Klash of Kermanshah
Hand made Klash of Kermanshah

Kermanshah lends its name to a type of Persian carpet named after the region. Razi University (in Persian دانشگاه رازی is a University based in Kermanshah, Iran. The Persian carpet ( Pahlavi bōb Persian farš فرش meaning "to spread" and qāli) is an essential part of It also has famous sweets made of rice, locally known as Nân berendji. The other famous Kermanshahi good is a special kind of oil, locally known as Rüne Dân and globally in Iran known as Roghan Kermanshahi. The Giveh of Kermanshah known as Klash is the highest quality Giveh. Giveh, prnounced /give/ in Persian or /giwæ/ in Kurdish is a kind of soft comfortable durable and handwoven-top shoe common in several parts of Iran especially in rural and mountainous

Historical Attractions

Various attractions exist that date from the pre-Islamic era, such as the Kohneh Bridge, to contemporary parks and museums. Pol-e-Kohneh Bridge is a bridge in the eastern Suburb of Kermanshah city in Iran. Some of the more popular sites are:

Darius the Great's inscription at Bisotun, which dates to 522 BCE, lies some 1300 meters high in the mountains, and counts as one of the most famous sites in Near Eastern archeology. The Behistun Inscription (also Bisitun or Bisutun, Modern Persian: بیستون; Old Persian: Bagastana, meaning "the god's Darius I the Great (c 549 BC&ndash486 BC 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 Dārayavahuš: "Possessing goodness" Having ascended to power amidst controversy and bloodshed Darius I the Great (c 549 BC&ndash486 BC 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 Dārayavahuš: "Possessing goodness" Having ascended to power amidst controversy and bloodshed Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos The site is a UNESCO World Heritage Site,[1] and has been attracting visitors for centuries. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The Behistun inscription is to Old Persian cuneiform what the Rosetta Stone is to Egyptian hieroglyphs: the trilingual inscription (in Old Persian, Elamite and Akkadian) was crucial in the decipherment of the script. The Old Persian language is one of the two attested Old Iranian languages (besides Avestan) The Rosetta Stone is an Ancient Egyptian artifact (حجر رشيد in Arabic which was instrumental in advancing modern understanding of hieroglyphic writing Egyptian hieroglyphs (ˈhaɪərəʊɡlɪf from Greek grc-Grek ἱερογλύφος " sacred carving " also hieroglyphic = grc-Grek Elamite is an Extinct language, which was spoken by the ancient Elamites. The relief above the inscription depicts Darius facing nine rebels who objected to his crowning. At the king's feet lies Gaumata. Smerdis, Bardiya or Bardia (𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹 Bardiya) was a son of Cyrus the Great whose name was allegedly usurped by an impostor a The location of this important historical document is not coincidental: Gaumata, a usurper who is depicted as lying at Darius' feet, was a Medean and in Achaemenid times Behistun lay on the Medea-Parsa highway.
Hellenistic-era depiction of Bahram as Hercules.
Hellenistic-era depiction of Bahram as Hercules.
Behistun is also notable for three reliefs at the foot of the hill that date from the Parthian era. Among them is a Hellenistic-era depiction of the divinity Bahram as the Greek hero Hercules, who reclines with a goblet in his hand, a club at his feet and a lion-skin beneath him. Because it lies on the route of an ancient highway, this life-size rock sculpture may reflect Bahram's status as patron divinity of travelers.
The rock reliefs at Taq-e Bostan lie four miles north-East of Kermanshah, where a spring gushes from a mountain cliff and empties into a large reflecting pool. Taqwasân or Taq-e Bostan or Taq-i-Bustan ( Persian: طاق بستان, Kurdish: Taqwesan is a series of large rock relief from the era of One of the more impressive reliefs, inside the largest grotto (ivan), is the oversized depiction of Sassanid king Khosrau II (591-628 CE), who appears mounted on his favorite charger, Shabdiz. Khosrau II or Khosrow II ( Chosroes II or Xosrov II in classical sources sometimes called Both horse and rider are arrayed in full battle armor.
There are two hunting scenes on complementary sides of the ivan: one depicts an imperial boar hunt and the other depicting the king stalking deer. Elephants flush out the boar from a marshy lake for the king who stands poised with bow and arrow in hand while he is serenaded by female musicians following in other boats. These royal hunting scenes are narrative murals in stone are count among the most vivid of all Iranian rock reliefs.
The Taq-e Bostan reliefs are not limited to the Sassanid era. An upper relief depicts the 19th century Qajar king Fath-Ali shah holding court. The Qajar dynasty (also known as Ghajar or Kadjar ( ( - or دودمان قاجار) is a common term to describe Iran (then known as Persia) under
The Kangavar archaeological complex
The Kangavar archaeological complex
Kangavar is the site of the archaeological remains of a vast Hellenic-style edifice on a raised platform. Kangāvar ( ( Konkobar or Concobar) is the name of a small district in the province of Kermanshah in Iran, as well as of the town that is The visible remains at the site date to early Sassanid times,[2] but the platform of the complex may be several centuries older. By the time excavation began in 1968, the complex had been preemptorily associated with a comment by Isidore of Charax who referred to a temple of Anahita at Concobar (the Greek name of Kangavar, which was then in Lower Medea). Isidore of Charax, also known as Isidorus Characenus, was a 1st century geographer from the city of Charax in Characene, on the northern end of the present ae Aredvi Sura Anahita ( ae Arədvī Sūrā Anāhitā) is the Avestan language name of an Indo-Iranian Cosmological figure venerated as the divinity The Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. Despite archaeological findings to the contrary,[2] the association with the divinity of fertility, healing, and wisdom has made the site a popular tourist attraction. The vast edifice was built of enormous blocks of dressed stone with an imposing entrance of opposed staircases that may have been inspired by the Apadana in Persepolis. Persepolis ( Old Persian: Pārsa, Modern Persian: تخت جمشید/پارسه Takht-e Jamshid or Chehel Minar) was the ceremonial

Notable people

One of the renowned scientists and writers of this region is Al-Dinawari who was born at Dinawar north-east of Kermanshah. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Ābu Ḥanīfah Āḥmad ibn Dawūd Dīnawārī (828 - 896 was a Kurdish polymath Kermanshah or Kermashan ( Kermānshāh; Kurdish: کرماشان Kirmaşan is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located 525 km He lived in 9th century and has written many books in astronomy, botany and history. Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life Notable people born in Kermansha include British author, Nobel prize winner, Doris Lessing (b. An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Doris May Lessing, CH, OBE (née Tayler; born 22 October 1919) is a British Writer, author of works such 1919), whose father, a British army officer, was stationed there at the time of her birth. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority Two aristocratic families have roots in Kermanshah; the Dowlatshahis and the Vaziris. for the town in Afghanistan see Dowlatshahi Afghanistan The Persian Prince Mohammad Ali Mirza (محمد علي ميرزا Qavam ol-Khelafa (aka Dowlatshah Mirza Ahmad Khan Motazed-Dowleh Vaziri created the first printing office and founded the first private school in Kermanshahan. A printer is a company that provides commercial Printing services often also offering Typesetting and Book-binding services For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered

Kurdish Poets of Kermanshah Province

  1. Mustafa Besarani, (1642-1701)
  2. Khana Qubadi, (1700-1760)
  3. Sarhang Almas Khan, mid 18th century
  4. Sheyda Hewramí (1784-1852)
  5. Muhammad Wali Kermashani, (1901-?)
  6. Shami Kermashani (Shamurad Mushtaq), (1927- ), Famous Kurdish Poet of Kermanshah. Khana Qubadi or ( Xana Qubadî in Kurdish) (1700-1759 was a Kurdish poet (see[1] and [2])

References

  1. ^ CHN Press release (2006). Iran's Bisotoon Historical Site Registered in World Heritage List.
  2. ^ a b Kleiss, Wolfram (2005). "Kangavar". Encyclopedia Iranica. Cosa Mesa: Mazda.  

External links

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