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;"|Kelp
Californian kelp forest
Californian kelp forest
;" | Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Heterokontophyta
Class: Phaeophyceae
Order: Laminariales
Migula
Families

Alariaceae
Chordaceae
Laminariaceae
Lessoniaceae
Phyllariaceae
Pseudochordaceae
Kelp (raw)
Nutritional value per 100 g (3. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Animals Plants fungi, and Protists are eukaryotes (juːˈkærɪɒt or -oʊt Organisms whose cells are organized into complex Protists (ˈproʊtɨst are a diverse group of eukaryotic Microorganisms Historically protists were treated as the kingdom Protista but this The heterokonts or stramenopiles are a major line of Eukaryotes presently containing about 10500 known species The Phaeophyceae or brown algae, (singular alga is a large group of mostly marine multicellular Algae including many Seaweeds of colder Alariaceae are a family of Kelp. Genera Alaria Ecklonia Eckloniopsis Laminariaceae are a family of Seaweeds classified as Brown algae The table indicates the genera within this family Lessoniaceae are a family of Kelp. They are the largest of all Algae, and are characterized by the single Blade splitting into two 5 oz)
Energy 40 kcal   180 kJ
Carbohydrates     9. Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most 6 g
- Sugars  0. 6 g
- Dietary fiber  1. Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the Digestive system, absorbing water and easing Defecation. 3 g  
Fat 0. Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water 6 g
Protein 1. Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl 7 g
Thiamin (Vit. B1)  0. For the similarly spelled pyrimidine see Thymine Thiamin or thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1 1 mg   8%
Riboflavin (Vit. B2)  0. Riboflavin ( E101) also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed Micronutrient with a key role in maintaining Health 2 mg   13%
Niacin (Vit. B3)  0. Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin which prevents the deficiency disease Pellagra. 5 mg   3%
Pantothenic acid (B5)  0. Pantothenic acid, also called Vitamin B5 (a B vitamin) is a water- Soluble vitamin required to sustain life ( 6 mg  12%
Vitamin B6  0. Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble Vitamin. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP is the active form and is a cofactor in many reactions of Amino acid metabolism including 0 mg 0%
Folate (Vit. Folic acid (also known as Vitamin M and Folacin) and Folate (the Anionic form are forms of the water-soluble Vitamin B9 B9)  180 μg  45%
Vitamin C  3. Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian 0 mg 5%
Calcium  168. Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 0 mg 17%
Iron  2. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 8 mg 22%
Magnesium  121. Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg2+ ion 0 mg 33% 
Phosphorus  42. Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 0 mg 6%
Potassium  89 mg   2%
Sodium  233 mg 16%
Zinc  1. Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 For sodium chloride in the diet see Salt. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or Halite, is a Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 2 mg 12%
Percentages are relative to US
recommendations for adults. Reference Daily Intake (or Recommended Daily Intake ( RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient which was considered (at the time they were defined to be sufficient
Source: USDA Nutrient database
For other uses, see Kelp (disambiguation).

Kelp are large seaweeds (algae), belonging to the brown algae and classified in the order Laminariales. Seaweed is a loose colloquial term encompassing macroscopic Multicellular, benthic marine Algae. Algae ( sing. alga are a large and diverse group of simple typically Autotrophic organisms ranging from Unicellular to Multicellular forms The Phaeophyceae or brown algae, (singular alga is a large group of mostly marine multicellular Algae including many Seaweeds of colder Despite their appearance, some scientists group them not with the terrestrial plants (kingdom Plantae), but instead place them either in kingdom Protista or in kingdom Chromista. In biological Taxonomy, a kingdom or regnum is a Taxonomic rank in either (historically the highest rank or (in the new three-domain system Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Protists (ˈproʊtɨst are a diverse group of eukaryotic Microorganisms Historically protists were treated as the kingdom Protista but this The Chromista are a eukaryotic supergroup probably Polyphyletic, There are about 30 different genera. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Kelp grows in underwater forests (kelp forests) in clear, shallow oceans, requiring nutrient-rich water below about 20 °C. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of Kelp. It is known for its high growth rate — the genus Macrocystis and Nereocystis luetkeana grow as fast as half a metre a day, ultimately reaching 30 to 80 m. Macrocystis is a genus of Kelp ( Algae) This genus contains the largest of all the Phaeophyceae or Brown algae. Nereocystis (Greek for "mermaid's bladder" is a genus of Kelp. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International [1]

Through the 19th Century, the word "kelp" was closely associated with seaweeds that could be burned to obtain soda ash (primarily sodium carbonate). Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. The seaweeds used included species from both the orders Laminariales and Fucales. Fucales is an order in the Phylum Phaeophyta or Brown algae. Members of this order are fucoids The word "kelp" was also used directly to refer to these processed ashes. [2]

Contents

Morphology

In most kelp, the thallus (or body) consists of flat or leaf-like structures known as blades. Blades originate from elongated stem-like structures, the stipes. The holdfast, a root-like structure, anchors the kelp to the substrate of the ocean. Gas-filled bladders (pneumatocysts) form at the base of blades of American species, such as Nereocystis lueteana (Mert. In Phytology, a pneumatocyst is a large float containing gas found in Brown algae. & Post & Rupr. )[1] and keep the kelp blades close to the surface, Holding up The leaves by the gas they contain.

Growth and reproduction

Growth occurs at the base of the meristem, where the blades and stipe meet. Growth may be limited by grazing pressure. Sea urchins, for example, can reduce entire areas to urchin barrens. Sea urchins are small globular spiny sea cat animals composing most of class Echinoidea. An urchin barren is an area of the subtidal where the population growth of Sea urchins has gone unchecked causing destructive grazing of kelp beds or kelp forests The kelp life cycle involves a diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte stage. "Haplo" redirects here For the fictional character see The Death Gate Cycle. All land plants and some Algae, have life cycles in which a haploid Gametophyte generation alternates with a Diploid sporophyte, the generation of a In Plants and Algae that undergo Alternation of generations, a gametophyte is the multicellular structure or phase that is Haploid, containing The haploid phase begins when the mature organism releases many spores, which then germinate to become male or female gametophytes. Sexual reproduction then results in the beginning of the diploid sporophyte stage which will develop into a mature plant. The Evolution of sexual reproduction is a major puzzle The first Fossilized evidence of sexually reproducing Organisms is from Eukaryotes of the Stenian

Commercial uses

Bongo kelp ash is rich in iodine and alkali. Iodine (ˈaɪədaɪn ˈaɪədɪn or /ˈaɪədiːn/ from ιώδης iodes "violet" is a Chemical element that has the symbol I and Atomic In Chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي القالي) is a basic, ionic salt of an Alkali metal In great amount, kelp ash can be used in soap and glass production. SOAP (see below for name and origins is a protocol for exchanging XML -based messages over Computer networks normally using Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Until the Leblanc process was commercialized in the early 1800s, burning of kelp in Scotland was one of the principal industrial sources of soda ash (predominantly sodium carbonate). The Leblanc process was the industrial process for the production of soda ash ( Sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century named after its inventor Nicolas Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. [3] Alginate, a kelp-derived carbohydrate, is used to thicken products such as ice cream, jelly, salad dressing, and toothpaste, as well as an ingredient in exotic dog food and in manufactured goods. Alginic acid ( algin, alginate) is a viscous gum that is abundant in the cell walls of Brown algae. Ice cream or ice-cream (originally iced cream) is a frozen dessert made from Dairy products such as Milk and Cream, combined Salad is a mixture of cold foods usually including vegetables and/or fruits often with a dressing occasionally nuts or Croutons, and sometimes with the addition of Toothpaste is a Paste or Gel Dentifrice used to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of Teeth. Dog food is Plant or Animal material intended for consumption by Dogs or other canines Special types of dog food given as a reward and not as Another use of kelp is it is extremly absorbent and is somtimes used in towls. Giant kelp can be harvested fairly easily because of its surface canopy and growth habit of staying in deeper water.

Kelp is also used frequently in seaweed fertiliser, especially in the Channel Islands, where it is known as vraic. Seaweed fertilizer, also spelt seaweed fertiliser, is a valuable addition to the Organic garden, and is abundantly available for free for those living The Channel Islands ( Norman: Îles d'la Manche, French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are a group of Islands

Kombu (Laminaria japonica and others), several Pacific species of kelp, is a very important ingredient in Japanese cuisine. Kombu or konbu (昆布 kombɯ also called dashima (다시마 dasima) or haidai ( are edible Kelp Kombu is used to flavor broths and stews (especially dashi), as a savory garnish (tororo konbu) for rice and other dishes, as a vegetable, and a primary ingredient in popular snacks (such as tsukudani). Dashi ( 出[[wiktionary 汁|汁]] だし is a class of soup and cooking stocks considered fundamental to Japanese cooking. is small seafood meat or Seaweed that has been simmered in Soy sauce and Mirin. Transparent sheets of kelp (oboro konbu) are used as an edible decorative wrapping for rice and other foods. [4]

Kombu can be used to soften beans during cooking, and to help convert indigestible sugars and thus reduce flatulence. [5]

Kelp in history and culture

During the Highland Clearances, many Scottish Highlanders were moved off their crofts, and went to industries such as fishing and kelping (producing soda ash from the ashes of kelp). The Highland Clearances ( Scottish Gaelic: Fuadaich nan Gàidheal the expulsion of the Gael were Forced displacements of the population of the Scottish A croft is a fenced or enclosed area of land usually small and arable with a crofter's Dwelling thereon Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. At least until the 1820s, when there were steep falls in the price of kelp, landlords wanted to create pools of cheap or virtually free labour, supplied by families subsisting in new crofting townships. Kelp collection and processing was a very profitable way of using this labour, and landlords petitioned successfully for legislation designed to stop emigration. But the economic collapse of the kelp industry in northern Scotland led to further emigration, especially to North America. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

Natives of the Falkland Islands are sometimes nicknamed "Kelpers"[6][7]. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. The Falkland Islanders, most of whom are of Welsh or Scottish descent are nicknamed kelpers because the islands are surrounded by large The name is primarily applied by outsiders, rather than the natives themselves

See the article on seaweed fertiliser. Seaweed fertilizer, also spelt seaweed fertiliser, is a valuable addition to the Organic garden, and is abundantly available for free for those living

Endangerment

Overfishing nearshore ecosystems leads to the degradation of kelp forests. Herbivores are released from their usual population regulation, leading to over-grazing of kelp and other algae. This can quickly result in barren landscapes, ones in which a small amount of species can thrive.

Prominent species

Giant kelp in the Monterey Bay Aquarium.
Giant kelp in the Monterey Bay Aquarium. The Monterey Bay Aquarium, which is located on the site of a former sardine cannery on Cannery Row in Monterey California, is one of the largest Aquariums

Species of Laminaria in the British Isles

Kelp
Kelp

Species of Laminaria world-wide

A comprehensive listing of species in Laminariales and nearly all other algae orders is publicly accessible at http://www.algaebase.org. [8]

Other genera in the Laminariales which may be considered as kelp.

Interactions

Some animals are named after the kelp, either because they inhabit the same habitat as kelp or because they feed on kelp. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species. These include:

References

  1. ^ a b Thomas, D. The Kelp Goose ( Spanish: Caranca or Cauquén Marino) Chloephaga hybrida, is a member of the Duck, Goose and Swan The sheathbills are a family of Birds Chionididae. The family contains one genus Chionis, with only two species 2002. Seaweeds. The Natural History Museum, London, p. 15. ISBN 0 565 09175 1
  2. ^ "Kelp," in Oxford English Dictionary (Second Edition). Oxford University Press, 1989. Retrieved 1 December 2006
  3. ^ Clow, Archibald and Clow, Nan L. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. (1952). Chemical Revolution. Ayer Co Pub, June 1952, pp. 65–90. ISBN 0-8369-1909-2
  4. ^ Kazuko, Emi: Japanese Cooking, p. 78, Hermes House, 2002, p. 78. ISBN 0-681-32327-2
  5. ^ Graimes, Nicola: The Best-Ever Vegetarian Cookbook, Barnes & Noble Books, 1999, p. Barnes & Noble Inc is the largest book retailer in the United States, operating mainly through its Barnes & Noble Booksellers chain of Bookstores 59. ISBN 0-7607-1740-0
  6. ^ [1]allwords. com definition for "Kelper",
  7. ^ [2] dictionary. com definition for "Kelper"
  8. ^ Guiry, M. D. & Guiry, G. M. 2006. AlgaeBase version 4. 2. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 7 December 2006

See also

External links

Durvillaea is a genus of the Heterokontophyta phylum Members of the genus are found in New Zealand, South America, and Australia.

Dictionary

kelp

-noun

  1. (botany) any of several large brown seaweeds (order Laminariales).
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