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Keith Richards

Background information
Also known as Keith Richard, Keef RiffHard
Born 18 December 1943 (1943-12-18) (age 64)
Dartford, Kent, England
Genre(s) Rock, Blues, Country, Reggae, Rhythm and blues
Occupation(s) Musician, Songwriter, Producer
Instrument(s) Guitar, Vocals, Piano, Bass, Percussion
Years active 1962 - present
Label(s) Decca, Rolling Stones, Virgin
Associated acts The Rolling Stones, The New Barbarians, The X-Pensive Winos
Website keithrichards.com
Notable instrument(s)
1952 Fender Telecaster "Micawber"
1959 Gibson Les Paul

Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943) is an English guitarist, songwriter, singer, producer and founding member of The Rolling Stones. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dartford is the principal town in the borough of Dartford. It is situated in the northwest corner of Kent, England, 16 miles (25 km east south-east KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Decca Records is a British Record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis. Rolling Stones Records is the record label formed by Rolling Stones members Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Mick Taylor Virgin Records is a British Record label founded by English entrepreneur Richard Branson, Simon Draper, and Nik Powell The New Barbarians were a rock band that played two concerts in Canada and eighteen shows across the United States in April and May 1979 in August 1979 the band also supported The Fender Telecaster, also known as the Tele (pronounced Telly is typically a dual-pickup solid-body Electric guitar made by Fender. The Gibson Les Paul is a solidbody Electric guitar originally developed in the early 1950s Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A guitarist is a Musician who plays the Guitar. Guitarists may perform solo pieces or play with ensembles and bands of a wide variety of genres A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing As a guitarist, Richards is mostly known for his innovative rhythm playing. Rhythm guitar is the use of a Guitar to provide Rhythmic chordal Accompaniment for a singer or other instruments in a Musical ensemble In 2003 Richards was ranked 10th on Rolling Stone magazine's "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published [1]

With songwriting partner and Rolling Stones lead vocalist Mick Jagger, Richards has written and recorded hundreds of songs, fourteen of which Rolling Stone magazine lists among the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". The songwriting partnership of Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, known as Jagger/Richards (and occasionally Richards/Jagger) is a musical Sir Michael Philip "Mick" Jagger, Kt (born 26 July 1943 is a Golden Globe -winning and two-time Grammy -winning English rock [2]

Contents

Early life

Keith Richards, the only child of Bert Richards and Doris Dupree Richards, was born in Dartford, Kent. Dartford is the principal town in the borough of Dartford. It is situated in the northwest corner of Kent, England, 16 miles (25 km east south-east KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format His father was a factory labourer slightly injured during World War II, and Richards' paternal grandparents were socialists and civic leaders. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution [3] His maternal grandfather (Augustus Theodore Dupree), who toured Britain in a jazz big band called Gus Dupree and his Boys, was an early influence on Richards' musical ambitions and got him interested in playing guitar. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States A big band is a type of Musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late [4]

Richards' mother introduced him to the music of Billie Holiday, Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington, and bought him his first guitar - a Rosetti acoustic - for seven pounds. Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; April 7 1915 – July 17 1959 was an American Jazz singer and songwriter Louis Armstrong (August 4 1901 &ndash July 6 1971 nicknamed Satchmo or Sachimo and Pops, was an American Jazz Trumpeter Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29 1899 &ndash May 24 1974 was an American Composer, Pianist, and Bandleader. [5] His father was less encouraging: "Every time the poor guy came in at night," Richards says, "he'd find me sitting at the top of the stairs with my guitar, playing and banging on the wall for percussion. He was great about it really. He'd only mutter, 'Stop that bloody noise. '"[6] Richards' first guitar hero was Scotty Moore. Winfield Scott "Scotty" Moore III (born December 27, 1931 near Gadsden Tennessee) is a legendary American Guitarist and

Richards attended Wentworth Primary School, as did Mick Jagger; the two knew each other as schoolboys, and lived in the same neighbourhood until Richards' family moved to another section of Dartford in 1954. [7] From 1955 to 1959 Richards attended Dartford Technical School (now named Wilmington Grammar School),[8][9] where the choirmaster, Jake Clair, noticed his singing voice and recruited him into the school choir. As one of a trio of boy sopranos Richards sang (among other performances) at Westminster Abbey in front of Queen Elizabeth II - an experience that he has called his "first taste of show biz. A boy soprano is a young male singer with an unchanged voice in the Soprano range The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II "[10]

In 1959, Richards was expelled from Dartford Technical School for truancy, and the headmaster suggested he would be more at home at the art college in the neighboring town of Sidcup. Truancy is any intentional unauthorized absence from Compulsory schooling. [11] At Sidcup Art College Richards devoted his time to playing guitar, and first heard American blues artists like Little Walter and Big Bill Broonzy. Sidcup Art College was an art college in Sidcup, London Borough of Bexley (an outer suburb of Greater London near Kent) England. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression For the radio personality see Little Walter DeVenne. Little Walter (born Marion Walter Jacobs in Marksville LA and raised Big Bill Broonzy ( 26 June 1898 &ndash 14 August 1958) was a prolific American Blues Singer, songwriter He swapped a pile of records for his first electric guitar,[12] a hollow-body Hoffner cutaway. Fellow Sidcup student and future musical colleague Dick Taylor recalls, "There was a lot of music being played at Sidcup, and we'd go into the empty classrooms and fool around with our guitars. Richard Clifford 'Dick' Taylor (born 28 January 1943, Dartford, Kent, England) was an early bass player for . . . Even in those days Keith could play most of [Chuck Berry's] solos. "[13] Taylor also remembers Richards experimenting with various drugs at Sidcup: "In order to stay up late with our music and still get to Sidcup in the morning, Keith and I were on a pretty steady diet of pep pills, which not only kept us awake but gave us a lift. We took all kinds of things - pills girls took for menstruation, inhalers like Nostrilene, and other stuff. Opposite the college, there was this little park with an aviary that had a cockatoo in it. An aviary is a large enclosure for confining Birds. Unlike cages ' aviaries allow birds a larger living space where they can fly hence aviaries are also A cockatoo is any of the 20 Bird Species belonging to the family Cacatuidae. Cocky the Cockatoo we used to call it. Keith used to feed it pep pills and make it stagger around on its perch. If ever we were feeling bored, we'd go and give another upper to Cocky. "[14]

One morning in 1961, on the train journey from Dartford to Sidcup, Richards happened to get into the same carriage as Mick Jagger, who was then a student at the London School of Economics. The London School of Economics and Political Science, more commonly referred to as The London School of Economics or LSE, is a specialist college of the [15] They recognized each other and began talking about the LPs Jagger had with him: blues and rhythm & blues albums he had acquired by mail-order from America. Richards was surprised and impressed that Jagger not only shared his enthusiasm for Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters, but also that he owned such LPs, which were extremely rare in Britain at the time. Charles Edward Anderson "Chuck" Berry (born October 18 1926 in St For the album by Redman, see Muddy Waters (album. For the college football coach see Muddy Waters (football coach. The two discovered that they had a mutual friend: Dick Taylor, with whom Jagger was singing in an amateur band called Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys. Jagger invited Richards to come to a rehearsal, and soon after Richards also joined the line-up. The group disbanded after Jagger and Richards met Brian Jones, with whom they went on to form The Rolling Stones. Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969 was a founding member and Guitarist of the English Rock group The Rolling Stones.

By mid-1962 Richards had left Sidcup Art College in favour of pursuing his fledgling musical career, and moved into a London flat with Jagger and Jones. His parents divorced about the same time. Richards maintained close ties with his mother, who was very supportive of his musical activities, but he became estranged from his father, and didn't resume contact with him until 1982.

From 1963 to 1978, Richards used the professional name "Keith Richard", which Rolling Stones manager Andrew Loog Oldham considered more suitable as a show-business name. A stage name, also called a screen name, is a Pseudonym used by Performers and Entertainers such as Andrew Loog Oldham (born January 29 1944 in Paddington, West London) is an English Rock and roll producer,

Musical career

Guitar playing

Richards has derived inspiration from Chuck Berry throughout his career. Charles Edward Anderson "Chuck" Berry (born October 18 1926 in St Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys rehearsed many Berry numbers,[16] and Jagger and Richards were largely responsible for bringing Berry and Bo Diddley covers into The Rolling Stones' early repertoire. Bo Diddley ( December 30 1928 &ndash June 2 2008, born Ellas Otha Bates) was an original and influential American Jimmy Reed and Muddy Waters records were another early source of inspiration, and the basis for the style of interwoven lead and rhythm guitar that Richards developed with founding Rolling Stones member Brian Jones. Mathis James "Jimmy" Reed ( September 6 1925 - August 29 1976) was an American Blues Singer notable For the album by Redman, see Muddy Waters (album. For the college football coach see Muddy Waters (football coach. Lead guitar refers to the use of a Guitar to perform Melody lines instrumental fill passages, and Guitar solos within a song structure Rhythm guitar is the use of a Guitar to provide Rhythmic chordal Accompaniment for a singer or other instruments in a Musical ensemble Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969 was a founding member and Guitarist of the English Rock group The Rolling Stones. [17] When Jones was replaced by guitarist Mick Taylor, who worked with The Rolling Stones from 1969 to 1974, Taylor's playing style led to a more pronounced separation between the lead and rhythm guitar roles. Michael "Mick" Kevin Taylor (born 17 January 1949 in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire) is an English Musician best known as a In 1975 Taylor was replaced by Ronnie Wood, marking a return to the style of guitar interplay that he and Richards call "the ancient art of weaving". Ronald David "Ronnie" Wood (born 1 June 1947 in Hillingdon London) is an English rock Guitarist and Bassist best known [18] Richards has said the years with Wood have been his most musically satisfying period in the Rolling Stones.

Richards often uses guitars with open tunings which allow for syncopated and ringing I-IV chording that can be heard on "Street Fighting Man" and "Start Me Up". Guitar tunings are differing pitch arrangements of open (unfretted strings used for the Guitar. " Street Fighting Man " is a song by English Rock and roll band The Rolling Stones featured on their 1968 album Beggars Banquet " Start Me Up " is a song by The Rolling Stones featured on the 1981 album Tattoo You. He particularly favours a five-string variant of open G tuning (borrowed from Don Everly of the Everly Brothers), using GDGBD unencumbered by a droning low 6th string;[19] this tuning is prominent on numerous Rolling Stones tracks, including "Honky Tonk Women," "Brown Sugar" and "Start Me Up". Guitar tunings are differing pitch arrangements of open (unfretted strings used for the Guitar. The Everly Brothers ( Don Everly, born Isaac Donald Everly February 1 1937 Brownie Muhlenberg County, Kentucky The Everly Brothers ( Don Everly, born Isaac Donald Everly February 1 1937 Brownie Muhlenberg County, Kentucky " Honky Tonk Women " is a 1969 hit song by The Rolling Stones. " Brown Sugar " is a song by English rock band The Rolling Stones. Though he still uses standard tunings, Richards has said that his adoption of open tunings in the late 1960s led to a musical "rebirth". In that same time period, Brian Jones' declining contributions left Richards to record all the guitar parts on many tracks, including slide guitar. Slide guitar or bottleneck guitar is a particular method or technique for playing the Guitar. Richards has rarely played slide in the years since Taylor and then Wood - both accomplished slide players - joined The Rolling Stones.

Richards - who owns over 1000 guitars, some of which he has not played but was simply given - is often associated with the Fender Telecaster, particularly with two 1950s Telecasters outfitted with Gibson PAF humbucker pickups in the neck position. The Fender Telecaster, also known as the Tele (pronounced Telly is typically a dual-pickup solid-body Electric guitar made by Fender. PAF or just PAF is the world's first Humbucker Guitar pickup, invented by Seth Lover in 1955 as an engineer for Gibson and began [20] Also notable was the 1959 Bigsby-equipped sunburst Les Paul that he acquired in 1964, which was the first "star owned" Les Paul in Britain. The Bigsby vibrato tailpiece (or Bigsby for short is a type of Vibrato device for Electric guitar designed by Paul A The Gibson Les Paul is a solidbody Electric guitar originally developed in the early 1950s [21][22] Since 1997 a Bigsby-equipped ebony Gibson ES-355 has served as one of his main stage guitars. The Gibson ES-335 was the world's first commercial semi-hollowbody Electric guitar, released by Gibson Guitar Corporation in 1958. [23][24] Even though Richards has used many different guitar models, in a 1986 Guitar World interview he joked that no matter what model he plays, "give me five minutes and I'll make 'em all sound the same. Guitar World is a monthly Music Magazine devoted to Guitarists It contains original interviews album and gear "[25]

In 1965 Richards used a Gibson Maestro fuzzbox to achieve the distinctive tone of his riff on "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction";[26] the success of the resulting single boosted the sales of the device to the extent that all available stock had sold out by the end of 1965. A fuzzbox (or fuzz box) is a type of Effects pedal comprising an amplifier and a clipping circuit which generates a distorted version of the [27] In the 1970s and early 1980s Richards frequently used guitar effects such as a wah-wah pedal, a phaser and a Leslie speaker,[28] but he mainly relies on combining "the right amp with the right guitar" to achieve the sound he wants. A wah-wah pedal (or just wah pedal) is a type of Guitar Effects pedal that alters the tone of the signal to create a distinctive effect intended to mimic A phaser is an Audio signal processing technique used to filter a signal by creating a series of peaks and troughs in the frequency spectrum The Leslie speaker is a specially constructed amplifier/ Loudspeaker used to create special audio effects utilizing the Doppler effect. [29]

Richards considers acoustic guitar to be the basis for his playing,[30] and has said: "Every guitar player should play acoustic at home. No matter what else you do, if you don't keep up your acoustic work, you're never going to get the full potential out of an electric, because you lose that touch. "[19] Richards' acoustic guitar is featured on tracks throughout the Rolling Stones' career, including hits like "Not Fade Away", "Brown Sugar", "Beast of Burden" and "Almost Hear You Sigh". " Not Fade Away " is a song written by Buddy Holly and Norman Petty and performed by Holly the song's rhythm pattern is one of the classic examples of " Beast of Burden " is a song by English rock band The Rolling Stones, featured on the 1978 album Some Girls. " Almost Hear You Sigh " is a song by The Rolling Stones from their 1989 album Steel Wheels. All the guitars on the studio version of "Street Fighting Man" are Richards on acoustic, distorted by overloading a small cassette recorder microphone, a technique also used on "Jumping Jack Flash". A cassette deck is a type of Tape recorder for playing or recording audio Compact cassettes A deck was formerly distinguished from a recorder " Jumpin' Jack Flash " is a song by English Rock and roll band The Rolling Stones, released as a single in 1968 [31]

Vocals

Richards' backing vocals appear on every Rolling Stones album; and on most albums since Between the Buttons (1967), he has sung lead or co-lead on at least one track (see list below). Between the Buttons is the fifth UK and seventh US studio Album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1967 as the follow-up Richards views the vocal training he got in his choirboy days as part of his professional arsenal, and has said of his own singing: "It's not the most beautiful voice in the world anymore, but the Queen liked it, when it was at its best . . . It's not been my job, singing, but to me, if you're gonna write songs, you've got to know how to sing. "[32]

On stage, Richards began taking a regular lead-vocal turn in 1972, singing "Happy" (from the album Exile on Main Street). Exile on Main St is an album by the English rock band The Rolling Stones. "Happy" has become something of a "Richards signature tune", featured on most Rolling Stones tours ever since,[33] as well as on both of Richards' solo tours. From 1972 to 1982, Richards routinely took one lead-vocal turn during Rolling Stones concerts; since 1989 he has normally sung lead on two numbers per show. Each of the band's studio albums since Dirty Work (1986) have also featured Richards' lead vocals on at least two tracks.

During concerts on the two final legs (autumn 2006 and summer 2007) of The Rolling Stones' Bigger Bang Tour, Richards set his guitar aside to sing his 1969 ballad "You Got the Silver" without self-accompaniment. The Rolling Stones ' A Bigger Bang Tour was a worldwide concert tour which took place between August 2005 and August 2007 in support of their album " You Got the Silver " is a song by English Rock and roll band The Rolling Stones off of their 1969 album Let It Bleed [34] Prior to that he had occasionally switched from guitar to keyboards in concert,[35][36] but these concerts were the first time since his choirboy days that Richards appeared on stage armed with only his voice.

Other instruments

Richards has played bass on about two dozen Rolling Stones studio recordings, from "Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow?" (1966) through "Infamy" (2005). "Have You Seen Your Mother Baby Standing in the Shadow?" is a song by the British Rock 'n roll band The Rolling Stones. [37] One unusual instance was when he and Bill Wyman joined forces to play the bowed double bass on "Ruby Tuesday" (1967) - Wyman did the fingerboard work while Richards manned the bow. Bill Wyman (born William George Perks on 24 October 1936 was the Bass guitarist for the English Rock and roll band The Rolling The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. " Ruby Tuesday " is a song recorded by The Rolling Stones in 1966 released in January 1967 [38] The rest of Richards' bass-playing contributions have been on bass guitar, on tracks including "Jumpin' Jack Flash" (1968), "Sympathy for the Devil" (1968), "Live With Me" (1969), "Before They Make Me Run" (1978), "Sleep Tonight" (1986) and "Brand New Car" (1994). " Jumpin' Jack Flash " is a song by English Rock and roll band The Rolling Stones, released as a single in 1968 " Sympathy for the Devil " is a song by The Rolling Stones which first appeared as the opening track on the band's 1968 album Beggars Banquet " Live with Me " is a song by Rock and roll band The Rolling Stones off of their 1969 album Let It Bleed " Before They Make Me Run " is a song by the English rock band The Rolling Stones, featured on their 1978 album Some Girls " Sleep Tonight " appeared on The Rolling Stones ' 1986 album Dirty Work. He has also played bass on stage on a couple of occasions: with The Dirty Mac in 1968 (see "Recordings with other artists", below) and on "Sympathy for the Devil" at a Rolling Stones concert at Madison Square Garden in June 1975. The Dirty Mac were an English supergroup consisting of John Lennon, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards and Mitch Mitchell that Madison Square Garden, often abbreviated as MSG, and known colloquially as The Garden, has been the name of four Arenas in New York City.

Richards' keyboard playing has also been featured on several Rolling Stones tracks, including "She Smiled Sweetly" (1967), "Memory Motel" (1976), "All About You" (1980), "Thru and Thru" (1994) and "This Place Is Empty" (2005), among others. He sometimes composes on piano - "Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow?" and "Let's Spend the Night Together" are two early examples;[39] and he's said of his keyboard playing: "Maybe I'm a little more accomplished now - to me it's just a way of getting out of always using one instrument to write. "[40] Richards played keyboards on stage at two 1974 concerts with Ronnie Wood, and on The New Barbarians' tour in 1979;[35][36] and 1977 and 1981 studio sessions featuring his piano and vocals have been well documented, though never officially released. [41][42]

Richards has also contributed percussion to a few Rolling Stones tracks, including the floor tom on "Jumpin' Jack Flash"[43] and bicycle spokes on "Continental Drift" (1989). A floor tom is a double-headed tom-tom Drum which usually stands on the floor on three legs [44]

Songwriting

Richards and Jagger began writing songs together in 1963, following the example of the Beatles' Lennon/McCartney and the encouragement of Rolling Stones manager Andrew Loog Oldham, who saw little future for a cover band. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 The Songwriting partnership of John Lennon and Paul McCartney, usually referred to as Lennon/McCartney, is one of the best-known and Andrew Loog Oldham (born January 29 1944 in Paddington, West London) is an English Rock and roll producer, [45] The earliest Jagger/Richards collaborations were recorded by other artists, including Gene Pitney, whose rendition of "That Girl Belongs to Yesterday" was their first top-ten single in the UK. The songwriting partnership of Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, known as Jagger/Richards (and occasionally Richards/Jagger) is a musical Gene Francis Alan Pitney ( February 17 1940 &ndash April 5 2006) was an American Singer and Songwriter. [46] Richards recalls: "We were writing these terrible pop songs that were becoming Top 10 hits. . . . They had nothing to do with us, except we wrote 'em. "[47]

The Rolling Stones' first top-ten hit with a Jagger/Richards original was "The Last Time" (1965);[48] "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (also 1965) was their first international #1 recording. " The Last Time " is a song by the British rock 'n roll band The Rolling Stones. (Richards has stated that the "Satisfaction" riff came to him in his sleep; he woke up just long enough to record it on a cassette player by his bed. )[49] Since Aftermath (1966) most Rolling Stones albums have consisted mainly of Jagger/Richards originals. Aftermath, first released in April 1966 was the fourth UK and sixth US studio Album by The Rolling Stones. Their songs reflect the influence of blues, R&B, rock & roll, pop, soul, gospel and country, as well as forays into psychedelia and Dylanesque social commentary. Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. Gospel music is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life as well as (in terms of the varying music styles to Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Their work in the 1970s and beyond has incorporated elements of funk, disco, reggae and punk. Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s [47] Richards has also written and recorded slow torchy ballads, such as "All About You" (1980).

In his solo career, Richards has often shared co-writing credits with drummer and co-producer Steve Jordan. Steve Jordan is an American multi-instrumentalist songwriter and music producer from New York City. Richards has said: "I've always thought songs written by two people are better than those written by one. You get another angle on it. "[47]

Richards has frequently stated that he feels less like a creator than a conduit when writing songs: "I don't have that God aspect about it. I prefer to think of myself as an antenna. There's only one song, and Adam and Eve wrote it; the rest is a variation on a theme. "[47]

Richards was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1993. The Songwriters Hall of Fame is an arm of the National Academy of Popular Music. [50]

Record production

Richards has been active as a record producer since the 1960s. In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing He was credited as producer and musical director on the 1966 album Today's Pop Symphony, one of manager Andrew Loog Oldham's side projects, although there are doubts about how much Richards was actually involved with it. Andrew Loog Oldham (born January 29 1944 in Paddington, West London) is an English Rock and roll producer, [51] On the Rolling Stones' 1967 album Their Satanic Majesties Request the entire band was credited as producer, but since 1974, Richards and Mick Jagger have frequently co-produced Rolling Stones and other artists' records under the joint name "The Glimmer Twins", often in collaboration with other producers. Their Satanic Majesties Request is a Psychedelic rock album by The Rolling Stones recorded and released in 1967

Since the 1980s Richards has chalked up numerous production and co-production credits on projects with other artists including Aretha Franklin, Johnnie Johnson and Ronnie Spector, as well as on his own albums with the X-Pensive Winos (see below). Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25 1942 Franklin has had a total of twenty number-one singles on the Billboard R&B Singles Chart, two of which became #1 hits on the Johnnie Johnson could refer to Johnnie Johnson (musician (1924&ndash2005 Johnnie Johnson (pilot (1915&ndash2001 Ronnie Spector (born Veronica Yvette Bennett on 10 August 1943 in New York New York) is an American musician and was the lead In the 1990s Richards co-produced and added guitar and vocals to a recording of nyabinghi Rastafarian chanting and drumming entitled Wingless Angels, released on Richards' own record label, Mindless Records, in 1997. Mansions of Rastafari are branches of the Rastafari movement.

Solo recordings

Richards released his first solo single - his renditions of Chuck Berry's "Run Rudolph Run" and Jimmy Cliff's "The Harder They Come" - in late 1978, but since Richards has generally resisted sustained ventures outside of The Rolling Stones, his solo recordings are fewer than those of Mick Jagger, Ronnie Wood and Charlie Watts. Charles Edward Anderson "Chuck" Berry (born October 18 1926 in St " Run Rudolph Run " (sometimes referred to as " Run Run Rudolph " is a Christmas song popularized by Chuck Berry and written by Johnny Jimmy Cliff OM (born James Chambers, 1 April 1948, Somerton District St Events January: May - The Bee Gees dominate the singles and album charts as Saturday Night Fever becomes a cultural phenomenon Charles Robert "Charlie" Watts (born 2 June 1941 is the Drummer of The Rolling Stones. It was only after Jagger refused to tour with The Rolling Stones behind Dirty Work in 1986 that Richards began to actively pursue solo work. Dirty Work is The Rolling Stones ' 18th studio album (or the 21st counting their US releases In 1987 he formed Keith Richards and the X-pensive Winos (first named Organised Crime) with Steve Jordan, drummer on some tracks on Dirty Work and in the film Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll, which Richards had also worked on (see below). Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll is a 1987 Documentary film directed by Taylor Hackford that chronicles two 1986 special performances from rock and roll musician

Besides Steve Jordan, the X-pensive Winos included Sarah Dash, Waddy Wachtel, Bobby Keys, Ivan Neville and Charley Drayton. Sarah Dash (born August 18[[ 945]] is a singer and actress Her first notable appearance on the music scene was as a member of Patti LaBelle & the Bluebelles Robert "Waddy" Wachtel (born May 24 1947 in Jackson Heights Queens New York City) is a Los Angeles Musician, Composer Bobby Keys (b December 18, 1943 in Slaton, Texas) (sometimes credited as Bobby Keyes) is an American Saxophone Ivan Neville (born 19 August 1959, New Orleans, Louisiana) is a multi- Instrumentalist Musician, Singer Charley Drayton is an American multi-instrumental musician and producer who has played as a drummer and bass guitarist for many bands and artists and is currently the drummer Their first release, Talk Is Cheap (which also featured session musicians Bernie Worrell, Bootsy Collins and Maceo Parker), produced no Top 40 hits, though it went gold and has remained a consistent seller. Talk Is Cheap is the solo album debut by Keith Richards, co-leader of The Rolling Stones, and was released in 1988 George Bernard "Bernie" Worrell Jr (born April 19, 1944) is an American keyboardist and Composer best known for his work William "Bootsy" Collins (born October 26, 1951 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a Funk Bassist, Singer Maceo (pronounced 'may-see-oh Parker (born February 14, 1943) is a noted American Funk and Soul jazz Saxophonist, The Top Forty or Top 40 is a music industry shorthand for the currently most-popular songs in a particular genre. It spawned a brief U. S. tour - one of only two that Richards has done as a solo artist. The first tour is documented on the Virgin release Live at the Hollywood Palladium, December 15, 1988. Virgin Records is a British Record label founded by English entrepreneur Richard Branson, Simon Draper, and Nik Powell Live at the Hollywood Palladium December 15 1988 is a Live album by Keith Richards and was released in 1991 in the U In 1992 Main Offender was released, and following a "warm-up concert" in Buenos Aires, the X-Pensive Winos (including a new member, backing vocalist Babi Floyd) toured Europe and North America. Main Offender is Keith Richards ' second solo studio album and his third overall Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern [52]

Recordings with other artists

During the 1960s most of Richards' recordings with artists other than The Rolling Stones were sessions for Andrew Oldham's Immediate Records label. Andrew Loog Oldham (born January 29 1944 in Paddington, West London) is an English Rock and roll producer, Immediate Records was a British Record label, started in 1965 by The Rolling Stones manager, Andrew Loog Oldham, concentrating Notable exceptions were when Richards, along with Mick Jagger and numerous other guests, sang on The Beatles' 1967 TV broadcast of "All You Need Is Love";[52] and when he played bass with John Lennon, Eric Clapton, and Mitch Mitchell as The Dirty Mac for The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus TV special, filmed in 1968. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 " All You Need Is Love " is a song written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon/McCartney. John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (born Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE (born 30 March 1945 is an English Blues-rock Guitarist, singer Songwriter and Composer John "Mitch" Mitchell (born 9 July, 1947 in Ealing, Middlesex) is an English Drummer, most famous for his involvement The Dirty Mac were an English supergroup consisting of John Lennon, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards and Mitch Mitchell that The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus is a film released in 1996 of a December 11, 1968 event put together by The Rolling Stones. [53]

In the 1970s Richards worked outside The Rolling Stones with Ronnie Wood on several occasions, contributing guitar, piano and vocals to Wood's first two solo albums and joining him on stage for two July 1974 concerts to promote I've Got My Own Album to Do. Ronald David "Ronnie" Wood (born 1 June 1947 in Hillingdon London) is an English rock Guitarist and Bassist best known The first solo album of Ron Wood. It reached #27 on UK's New Musical Express chart [35] In December 1974 Richards also made a guest appearance at a Faces concert. The Forum for American/Chinese Exchange at Stanford, aka FACES, is a student-run organization based at Stanford University dedicated to fostering Sino-American exchange In 1976-77 Richards played on and co-produced John Phillips' solo recording Pay, Pack & Follow (released in 2001). John Phillips or John Philips may refer to John Aristotle Phillips (fl In 1979 he toured the U. S. with The New Barbarians, the band that Wood put together to promote his album Gimme Some Neck; he and Wood also contributed guitar and backing vocals to "Truly" on Ian McLagan's 1979 album Troublemaker (re-released in 2005 as Here Comes Trouble). The New Barbarians were a rock band that played two concerts in Canada and eighteen shows across the United States in April and May 1979 in August 1979 the band also supported Ronnie Wood 's third solo album was a minor hit and his best performance on the charts to date peaking at #45 on Billboard with 13 weeks on the Top 200 Ian McLagan (born Ian Patrick McLagan, 12 May 1945 Hounslow, Middlesex) is an English keyboard Instrumentalist, best known Troublemaker is the debut album from former Small Faces and Faces keyboardist Ian McLagan, released in 1979 on Mercury Records [52]

Since the 1980s Richards has made more frequent guest appearances. He has worked with Tom Waits on two occasions, adding guitar and backing vocals to Waits' 1985 album Rain Dogs, and co-writing, playing and sharing the lead vocal on "That Feel" on Bone Machine (1992). Thomas Alan Waits (born 7 December 1949) is an American Singer-songwriter, Composer, and Actor. Rain Dogs is an album by Tom Waits, released in August 1985. It peaked at #188 on Billboard 's Top 200 albums chart Bone Machine is a critically acclaimed and award-winning album by Tom Waits, released in 1992 on Island Records. In 1986 Richards produced and played on Aretha Franklin's rendition of "Jumping Jack Flash" and served as musical producer and band leader (or as he phrased it "S&M director")[54] for the Chuck Berry film Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll. Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25 1942 Franklin has had a total of twenty number-one singles on the Billboard R&B Singles Chart, two of which became #1 hits on the " Jumpin' Jack Flash " is a song by English Rock and roll band The Rolling Stones, released as a single in 1968 Sadism refers to Sexual or non-sexual gratification in the infliction of Pain or humiliation upon or by another person Charles Edward Anderson "Chuck" Berry (born October 18 1926 in St Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll is a 1987 Documentary film directed by Taylor Hackford that chronicles two 1986 special performances from rock and roll musician [52]

In the 1990s and 2000s Richards has continued to contribute to a wide range of musical projects as a guest artist. A few of the notable sessions he has done include guitar and vocals on Johnnie Johnson's 1991 release Johnnie B. Johnnie Johnson ( July 8 1924 &ndash April 13 2005) was a Piano player and Blues Musician. Bad, which he also co-produced; and lead vocals and guitar on "Oh Lord, Don’t Let Them Drop That Atomic Bomb on Me" on the 1992 Charles Mingus tribute album Weird Nightmare. Charles Mingus ( 22 April 1922 &ndash 5 January 1979) was an American Jazz Bassist, Composer, He duetted with country legend George Jones on "Say It's Not You" on the Bradley Barn Sessions (1994), and with Levon Helm on "Deuce and a Quarter" on Scotty Moore's album All the King's Men (1997). George Glenn Jones (born September 12, 1931 in Saratoga Texas) is an award-winning American Country music singer known for his long list of Mark Lavon Helm (born May 26, 1940) better known as Levon Helm, is an American rock Musician and actor most famous as Winfield Scott "Scotty" Moore III (born December 27, 1931 near Gadsden Tennessee) is a legendary American Guitarist and His guitar and lead vocals are featured on the Hank Williams tribute album Timeless (2001) and on veteran blues guitarist Hubert Sumlin's album About Them Shoes (2005). Hank Williams ( September 17, 1923 – January 1, 1953) was an American Singer-songwriter and Musician who has Hubert Sumlin (born November 16, 1931) is a Blues guitar player known as both a solo artist and central element in Howlin' Wolf 's backup band Richards also added guitar and vocals to Toots & the Maytals' recording of "Careless Ethiopians" for their 2004 album True Love and to their re-recording of "Pressure Drop", which came out in 2007 as the b-side to Richards' iTunes re-release of "Run Rudolph Run". The Jamaican musical group Toots and the Maytals, originally called simply The Maytals, are one of the best known Ska and Reggae vocal groups True Love is an album by Toots & the Maytals. It is a collection of Toots & the Maytals classics rerecorded with guest artists including Willie Nelson " Pressure Drop " is the title of a song recorded in 1969 by Toots & the Maytals for producer Leslie Kong. A-side and B-side originally referred to the two sides of 7 inch Vinyl records on which singles were released beginning in the 1950s iTunes is a proprietary digital media player application introduced by Apple Inc " Run Rudolph Run " (sometimes referred to as " Run Run Rudolph " is a Christmas song popularized by Chuck Berry and written by Johnny [52]

Rare and unreleased recordings

In 2006 The Rolling Stones released Rarities 1971-2003, which includes some rare and limited-issue recordings, but Richards has described the band's released output as the "tip of the iceberg". Many of the band's unreleased songs and studio jam sessions are widely bootlegged, as are numerous Richards solo recordings, including his 1977 Toronto studio sessions, some 1981 studio sessions and tapes made during his 1983 wedding trip to Mexico. A jam session is a Musical act where Musicians gather and play (or "jam") without extensive preparation or predefined Arrangements A bootleg recording is an audio and/or Video recording of a performance that was not officially released by the artist or under other legal authority [52]

Public image and private life

Richards, who has been frank about his habits, has earned notoriety for his decadent outlaw image. Rock critic Nick Kent summed up his 1970s image: "[Keith Richards] was the big Lord Byron figure. Nick Kent (born 24 December 1951) is a British Rock critic and Musician. He was mad, bad, and dangerous to know. "[55] In 1994 Richards said of this image: "It's something you drag around behind you like a long shadow . . . Even though that was nearly twenty years ago, you cannot convince some people that I'm not a mad drug addict. So I've still got [that image] in my baggage. "[56]

Richards has been tried on drug-related charges five times: in 1967, twice in 1973, in 1977 and in 1978. [57][58] The first trial - the only one involving a prison sentence[58] - resulted from a February 1967 police raid on Redlands, Richards' Sussex estate, where he and some friends, including Jagger, were spending the weekend. Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. [59] The subsequent arrest of Richards and Jagger put them on trial before the court of public opinion and Her Majesty. On 29 June Jagger was sentenced to three months' imprisonment for possession of four amphetamine tablets; Richards was found guilty of allowing cannabis to be smoked on his property and sentenced to one year in prison. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Amphetamine, and related drugs such as Methamphetamine are a group of drugs that act by increasing levels of Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine Cannabis ( Cán-na-bis) is a Genus of Flowering plants that includes three putative species Cannabis sativa subsp [60] Both Jagger and Richards were imprisoned at that point, but were released on bail the next day pending appeal. [61] On 1 July The Times ran an editorial entitled "Who breaks a butterfly on a wheel?", portraying Jagger's sentence as persecution, and public sentiment against the convictions increased. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. " Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel? " is a quotation – sometimes misquoted with "on" in place of "upon" – from Alexander Pope 's " [62] A month later the appeals court overturned Richards' conviction for lack of evidence, while Jagger was given a conditional discharge. A conditional discharge is a sentence passed by a court whereby the defendant is not punished provided he or she complies with certain conditions [63]

Toronto hotel where Richards was arrested in February 1977.
Toronto hotel where Richards was arrested in February 1977.

The most serious charges Richards faced resulted from his arrest on 27 February 1977 at Toronto's Harbour Castle Hotel (Regina v. Richards), when the Royal Canadian Mounted Police found him in possession of "22 grams of heroin". Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative [64] Richards was originally charged with "possession of heroin for the purpose of trafficking" - an offence that under the Criminal Code of Canada can result in prison sentences of seven years to life. The Criminal Code of Canada (long title An Act respecting the criminal law, R [65] His passport was confiscated and Richards and his family remained in Toronto until April 1, when Richards was allowed to enter the US on a medical visa for treatment for heroin addiction. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne [66] The charge against him was later reduced to "simple possession of heroin". [67]

For the next two years, Richards lived under threat of criminal sanction. Throughout this period he remained active with The Rolling Stones, recording their biggest-selling studio album, Some Girls, and touring North America. Some Girls is an album by The Rolling Stones, released in 1978 Richards was tried in October 1978, pleading guilty to possession of heroin. [68][69] He was given a suspended sentence and put on probation for one year, with orders to continue treatment for heroin addiction and to perform a benefit concert on behalf of the Canadian National Institute for the Blind. CNIB (formerly known as the Canadian National Institute for the Blind) is a Volunteer agency and charitable organization dedicated to assisting Canadians who are [70] Although the prosecution had filed an appeal of the sentence, Richards performed two CNIB benefit concerts at Oshawa Civic Auditorium on April 22, 1979; both shows featured The Rolling Stones and The New Barbarians. The Oshawa Civic Auditorium is a 3625–seat (4025 standing multi-purpose Arena in Oshawa Ontario, Canada. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) The New Barbarians were a rock band that played two concerts in Canada and eighteen shows across the United States in April and May 1979 in August 1979 the band also supported [71] In September 1979 the Ontario Court of Appeal upheld the original sentence. [64]

Later in 1979, Keith met future wife, model Patti Hansen. Patricia "Patti" Elvina Hansen (born March 17 1956 is a former American model and actress. They married on 18 December 1983, Richards' 40th birthday, and have two daughters, Theodora and Alexandra, born in 1985 and 1986 respectively. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Theodora Dupree Richards (born March 18, 1985) is the daughter of Patti Hansen and legendary Rolling Stones Guitarist Keith Richards Alexandra Nicole Richards ( July 28, 1986) is the daughter of Patti Hansen and legendary Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards, and the sister

Richards maintains cordial relations with Italian born actress Anita Pallenberg, the mother of his first three children; although they were never married, Richards and Pallenberg were a couple from 1967 to 1979. Anita Pallenberg (born January 25 1944) is a model, actress and Fashion designer. Together they have a son, Marlon (named after the actor Marlon Brando), born in 1969,[72] and a daughter, Angela (nee Dandelion), born in 1972. Marlon Brando Jr (April 3 1924 – July 1 2004 was an Academy Award -winning American Actor, whose body of work spanned over half a century [73] Their third child, a boy named Tara (after Richards' close friend Tara Browne), died on 6 June 1976, less than three months after his birth. Tara Browne ( 4 March 1945 – 18 December 1966) was a young London Socialite and issue of peerage as a member Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year [74]

Richards still owns Redlands, the Sussex estate he purchased in 1966, as well as a home in Connecticut and another in Turks & Caicos. Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The Turks and Caicos Islands ( TCI) (ˈtɜːks ænd ˈkeɪkəs are a British Overseas Territory consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the West Indies [75] He is an avid reader with a strong interest in history and an extensive library. [76][77]

Recent news

On 27 April 2006, Richards, while in Fiji, suffered a head injury after falling out of a tree; he subsequently underwent cranial surgery at a New Zealand hospital. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Fiji (Matanitu ko Viti फ़िजी officially the Republic of the Fiji Islands (Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti फ़िजी द्वीप समूह गणराज्य New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island [78] The incident caused a six-week delay in launching The Rolling Stones' 2006 European tour and the rescheduling of several shows; the revised tour schedule included a brief statement from Richards apologising for "falling off his perch". [79] The band made up most of the postponed dates in 2006, and toured Europe in the summer of 2007 to make up the remainder.

In August 2006 Richards was granted a pardon by Arkansas governor (and former Republican Presidential candidate) Mike Huckabee for a 1975 reckless driving citation. A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Michael Dale "Mike" Huckabee (born August 24 1955 is a former Republican governor of Arkansas from 1996 to 2007 and a political Commentator [80]

On 12 March 2007 Richards attended the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame ceremony to induct The Ronettes. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a Museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Ohio, United States The Ronettes were a Girl group of the 1960s from New York City, best known for their work with producer Phil Spector. During the press conference Richards was asked about another possible solo album and tour with the X-pensive Winos. He stated that "the guys are calling me up, I have a feeling something might be bubbling. Once again it's all up in the air, but I'd love to do it. "[81]

Richards at the Pirates 3 premiere.
Richards at the Pirates 3 premiere.

In an April 2007 interview for NME magazine, music journalist Mark Beaumont asked Richards what the strangest thing he ever snorted was,[82] and quoted him as replying: "My father. The New Musical Express (better known as the NME) is a Popular music Magazine in the United Kingdom which has been This article is about Mark Beaumont the journalist For other uses see Mark Beaumont (disambiguation. I snorted my father. He was cremated and I couldn't resist grinding him up with a little bit of blow. My dad wouldn't have cared . . . It went down pretty well, and I'm still alive. "[83][84] In the media uproar that followed, Richards' manager said that the anecdote had been meant as a joke;[85] Beaumont told Uncut magazine that the interview had been conducted by telephone and that he had misquoted Richards at one point (reporting that Richards had said he listens to Motörhead, when what he had said was Mozart), but that he believed the ash-snorting anecdote was true. Uncut magazine trademarked as UNCUT, is a popular monthly publication based in London. [82] Richards later confirmed in an interview with Mojo magazine that he had, in fact, snorted his father's ashes - with no cocaine mixed in - before burying them under an oak tree: "I said I'd chopped him up like cocaine, not with. Mojo is a popular Music Magazine published by Bauer, monthly in the United Kingdom. I opened his box up and . . . out comes a bit of dad on the dining room table. I'm going, 'I can't use a brush and dustpan for this. '"[86]

Doris Richards, the guitarist's 91-year-old mother, died of cancer in England on 21 April 2007. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) An official statement released by a Richards representative stated that Richards, her only child, kept a vigil by her bedside during her last days. [87][88]

Richards made a cameo appearance as Captain Teague, the father of Captain Jack Sparrow (played by Johnny Depp), in Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, released in May 2007,[89] and won the Best Celebrity Cameo award at the 2007 Spike Horror Awards for the role. A cameo role or cameo appearance (often shortened to just cameo) is a brief appearance of a known person in a work of the Performing arts, such as Captain Teague is a character in Walt Disney Picture's 2007 film Pirates of the Caribbean At World's End. Captain Jack Sparrow is a Fictional character from the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise who is portrayed by Johnny Depp. John Pirates of the Caribbean At World's End is a 2007 Adventure film, the third film in the ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' series. [90] Depp has stated that he based many of Sparrow's mannerisms on Richards. [89]

In August 2007 Richards signed a publishing deal for his autobiography, scheduled to come out in 2010. [91]

In March 2008 fashion house Louis Vuitton unveiled an advertising campaign featuring a photo of Richards with his ebony Gibson ES-355, taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz. Louis Vuitton Malletier, commonly referred to as Louis Vuitton ( pronounced /lwi vɥitɔ̃/ or sometimes shortened to LV, is a French luxury fashion The Gibson ES-335 was the world's first commercial semi-hollowbody Electric guitar, released by Gibson Guitar Corporation in 1958. Anna-Lou "Annie" Leibovitz (ˈliːbəvɪts (born October 2, 1949) is an American Portrait photographer whose style is marked Richards donated the fee for his involvement to The Climate Project, an organization for raising environmental awareness. [92]

Solo discography

Albums

Singles

Guest appearances

Lead vocals on Rolling Stones albums

Below is a list of the officially released Rolling Stones tracks on which Richards sings lead vocals or shares lead-vocal duties:

References

  1. ^ "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" (2003-09-22). The Neville Brothers, an R&B, Soul and Jazz group was formed in 1976 in New Orleans LA. Charles Mingus ( 22 April 1922 &ndash 5 January 1979) was an American Jazz Bassist, Composer, George Glenn Jones (born September 12, 1931 in Saratoga Texas) is an award-winning American Country music singer known for his long list of George Bernard "Bernie" Worrell Jr (born April 19, 1944) is an American keyboardist and Composer best known for his work Robert Dwayne "Bobby" Womack (ˈwoʊmæk (born March 4 1944 is an American Singer-songwriter and Musician. Marianne Faithfull (born December 29 1946) is an English Singer, Songwriter, actress and Diarist whose The Chieftains are a Grammy -winning Irish musical group founded in 1962 best known for being the first band to make Irish traditional music popular Ivan Neville (born 19 August 1959, New Orleans, Louisiana) is a multi- Instrumentalist Musician, Singer Bo Diddley ( December 30 1928 &ndash June 2 2008, born Ellas Otha Bates) was an original and influential American B B King (born Riley B King, September 16 1925 is an American Blues Guitarist and Singer-songwriter. Winfield Scott "Scotty" Moore III (born December 27, 1931 near Gadsden Tennessee) is a legendary American Guitarist and For other uses see James Rogers (disambiguation. Jimmy Rogers ( 3 June 1924 &ndash 19 December Sheryl Suzanne Crow (born February 11, 1962) is an American Singer-songwriter and Musician. Charles Robert "Charlie" Watts (born 2 June 1941 is the Drummer of The Rolling Stones. Hank Williams ( September 17, 1923 – January 1, 1953) was an American Singer-songwriter and Musician who has For the Austrian-born composer producer songwriter and arranger see Peter Wolf (producer. Willie Nelson (born April 30, 1933) is an American country Singer-songwriter and Actor. Hubert Sumlin (born November 16, 1931) is a Blues guitar player known as both a solo artist and central element in Howlin' Wolf 's backup band The Jamaican musical group Toots and the Maytals, originally called simply The Maytals, are one of the best known Ska and Reggae vocal groups True Love is an album by Toots & the Maytals. It is a collection of Toots & the Maytals classics rerecorded with guest artists including Willie Nelson Willie Nelson (born April 30, 1933) is an American country Singer-songwriter and Actor. Gram Parsons ( November 5, 1946  – September 19, 1973) was an American Singer, Songwriter, Guitarist Les Paul (born Lester William Polsfuss on June 9 1915) is an American Jazz guitarist and Inventor. George "Buddy" Guy (born July 30, 1936) is a five-time Grammy Award-winning American Blues and rock Guitarist Jerry Lee Lewis (born September 29, 1935) is an American Rock and roll and Country music Singer, Songwriter Ronnie Spector (born Veronica Yvette Bennett on 10 August 1943 in New York New York) is an American musician and was the lead " Something Happened to Me Yesterday " is the closing track of English Rock and roll band The Rolling Stones ' 1967 album Between the Buttons " Connection " is a song by the British Rock and roll band The Rolling Stones. Between the Buttons is the fifth UK and seventh US studio Album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1967 as the follow-up " Salt of the Earth " is a song from the 1968 Rolling Stones album Beggars Banquet. Beggars Banquet is an LP released in 1968 by The Rolling Stones. " You Got the Silver " is a song by English Rock and roll band The Rolling Stones off of their 1969 album Let It Bleed Let It Bleed is an album by English rock band The Rolling Stones, released in December 1969 Exile on Main St is an album by the English rock band The Rolling Stones. " Coming Down Again " is a song by The Rolling Stones featured on their 1973 album Goats Head Soup. Goats Head Soup is an album by The Rolling Stones released in 1973 " Memory Motel " is a song from Rock and roll band The Rolling Stones ' 1976 album Black and Blue. Black and Blue is an Album by The Rolling Stones released in 1976 Love You Live is a double Live album by The Rolling Stones, released in 1977 " Before They Make Me Run " is a song by the English rock band The Rolling Stones, featured on their 1978 album Some Girls Some Girls is an album by The Rolling Stones, released in 1978 " All About You " is a song by The Rolling Stones featured as the closing track to their 1980 album Emotional Rescue. Emotional Rescue is an album by The Rolling Stones, released in 1980 " Little T&A " is the fourth song on Rock and roll band the Rolling Stones' 1981 album Tattoo You. Tattoo You is an album by The Rolling Stones, released in 1981 For the 2005 Ozzy Osbourne album see Under Cover (Ozzy Osbourne album. " Sleep Tonight " appeared on The Rolling Stones ' 1986 album Dirty Work. Dirty Work is The Rolling Stones ' 18th studio album (or the 21st counting their US releases " Slipping Away " is a song by The Rolling Stones featured on their 1989 album Steel Wheels. Steel Wheels is an album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1989 Flashpoint is a Live album by British rock band The Rolling Stones. Voodoo Lounge is an album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1994 Stripped is a Live album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1995 while on the Voodoo Lounge Tour. Bridges to Babylon is an album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1997 No Security is a Live album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1998 Forty Licks is a double Compilation album by The Rolling Stones. "The Nearness of You" is a popular Song, written in 1938 by Hoagy Carmichael with lyrics by Ned Washington. Live Licks is a double Live album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 2004 " This Place Is Empty " is a song from The Rolling Stones ' 2005 album A Bigger Bang. A Bigger Bang is the 22nd studio album by The Rolling Stones. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Rolling Stone (931). Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published  
  2. ^ The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Rolling Stone (9 December 2004). Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Retrieved on 2008-03-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion.
  3. ^ Bockris, Victor (1993). Keith Richards: The Biography. Simon & Schuster, pg. 17-18. ISBN 0-671-87590-6.  
  4. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 29-30.
  5. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 33.
  6. ^ St. Michael, Mick (1994). In His Own Words: Keith Richards. Omnibus Press, pg. 75. ISBN 0-7119-3636-X.  
  7. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 20, pg. 22
  8. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 22
  9. ^ The Archives: Famous Old Boy Keith Richards. Old Dartechs' & Wilmingtonians' Association. Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
  10. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 27-28
  11. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 30.
  12. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 34
  13. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 34-35.
  14. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 35-36.
  15. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 38.
  16. ^ Wyman, Bill (2002). Rolling With the Stones. DK Publishing, pg. 30. ISBN 0-7894-9998-3.  
  17. ^ Jagger, Mick; Richards, Keith; Watts, Charlie; Wood, Ronnie (2003). According to the Rolling Stones. Chronicle Books, pg. 39. ISBN 0-8118-4060-3.  
  18. ^ Jagger, Richards, Watts & Wood 2003. pg. 180.
  19. ^ a b Obrecht, Jas (1992). Keith Richards Comes Clean on Distortion and the Meaning of Music. Guitar Player. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
  20. ^ “Play With Fire”, Guitar Player (New Bay Media LLC): pg. 113, December 1989 
  21. ^ Bacon, Tony. 50 Years of the Gibson Les Paul. Backbeat Books, pg. 39. ISBN 0-87930-711-0.  
  22. ^ The Keith Richards/Clapton Windsor Burst. We Sell Guitars Limited. Retrieved on 2008-02-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German
  23. ^ The Rolling Stones. (1997). Bridges to Babylon [DVD released 1999]. Warner Home Video.
  24. ^ The Rolling Stones. (2005-06). The Biggest Bang [DVD released 2007]. Universal Music Operations.
  25. ^ Santoro, Gene (1986), “The Mojo Man Rocks Out”, Guitar World, March 1986, reprinted (2006) in Guitar Legends: The Rolling Stones (Future plc): pg. 24 
  26. ^ Bosso, Joe (2006), “No Stone Unturned”, Guitar Legends: The Rolling Stones (Future plc): pg. 12 
  27. ^ Sold on Song: (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction. BBC. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
  28. ^ Dalton, David (1981). The Rolling Stones: The First Twenty Years. Alfred A. Knopf, pg. 163. ISBN 0-394-52427-6.  
  29. ^ Wheeler, Tom (December 1989), “Keith Richards: Not Fade Away”, Guitar Player (New Bay Media LLC) 
  30. ^ 1995 Guitar World Interview with Keith. Retrieved on 2008-03-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian
  31. ^ McPherson, Ian. Track Talk: Street Fighting Man. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
  32. ^ Booth, Stanley (1994). Keith: Till I Roll Over Dead. Headline Book Publishing, pg. 173-174. ISBN 0-7472-0770-4.  
  33. ^ Appleford, Steve (2000). The Rolling Stones: Rip This Joint: The Story Behind Every Song. Thunder's Mouth Press, pg. 119. ISBN 1-56025-281-2.  
  34. ^ The Rolling Stones. (2006). Shine a Light [DVD released 2008]. Universal.
  35. ^ a b c Ronnie Wood & Band. (1974). The First Barbarians Live From Kilburn [DVD released 2007]. Wooden Records.
  36. ^ a b The New Barbarians. (1979). Buried Alive: Live in Maryland [CD released 2006]. Wooden Records.
  37. ^ McPherson, Ian. Track Talk.
  38. ^ McPherson, Ian. Track Talk: Ruby Tuesday. Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
  39. ^ McPherson, Ian. Track Talk: Let's Spend the Night Together. Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
  40. ^ St. Michael 1994. pg. 26
  41. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 259-260
  42. ^ Markle, Gilbert (1982). Diary of a Studio Owner. Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
  43. ^ McPherson, Ian. Track Talk: Jumpin' Jack Flash. Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
  44. ^ McPherson, Ian. Track Talk: Continental Drift. Retrieved on 2008-03-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant
  45. ^ Oldham, Andrew Loog (2000). Stoned. St. Martin's Griffin, pg. 249-251. ISBN 0-312-27094-1.  
  46. ^ Elliott, Martin (2002). The Rolling Stones: Complete Recording Sessions 1962-2002. Cherry Red Books, pg. 16. ISBN 1-901447-04-9.  
  47. ^ a b c d McPherson, Ian. Jagger/Richards: Songwriters. Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
  48. ^ Elliott 2002. pg. 60
  49. ^ Booth 1994. pg. 51
  50. ^ Inductees: Keith Richards. Songwriters Hall of Fame. Retrieved on 2008-03-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian
  51. ^ Wyman 2002. pg. 224.
  52. ^ a b c d e f Zentgraf, Nico. The Complete Works of the Rolling Stones 1962-2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable
  53. ^ The Rolling Stones, The Dirty Mac, et al. (1968). Rock and Roll Circus [DVD released 2004]. ABKCO Films.
  54. ^ Chuck Berry, Keith Richards, et al. (1986). Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll [DVD released 2006]. Universal City Studios Inc.
  55. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 213.
  56. ^ Deevoy, Adrian (August 1994), “Ladies and Gentlemen, the Interesting Old Farts”, Q (EMAP Metro): pg. 91 
  57. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 133-135, pg. 215-216, pg. 280-283.
  58. ^ a b Flippo, Chet (1985). On the Road with the Rolling Stones. Doubleday/Dolphin, pg. 177-178. ISBN 0-385-19374.  
  59. ^ Booth, Stanley (2000). The True Adventures of the Rolling Stones (2nd edition). A Capella Books, pg. 243-245. ISBN 1-55652-400-5.  
  60. ^ Booth 2000. pg. 276.
  61. ^ Booth 2000. pg. 277.
  62. ^ Wyman 2002. pg. 286.
  63. ^ Booth 2000. pg. 278-279.
  64. ^ a b Greenspan, Edward (editor) (1980), “Regina v. Richards 49 C. C. C. (2d)”, Canadian Criminal Cases, Canada Law Book: pg. 518 
  65. ^ Flippo 1985. pg. 67-68.
  66. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 261-263.
  67. ^ Flippo 1985. pg. 134.
  68. ^ Flippo 1985. pg. 134-136.
  69. ^ Wyman 2002. pg. 453.
  70. ^ Flippo 1985. pg. 178.
  71. ^ O'Neill Jr, Lou (29 May 1979), “Back Pages: Will Canada Get Its Pound of Flesh from Keith Richards?”, Circus 
  72. ^ Wyman 2002. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the pg. 343.
  73. ^ Wyman 2002. pg. 392.
  74. ^ Bockris 1993. pg. 242, pg. 246
  75. ^ Mueller, Andrew (April 2008), “Mick's a Maniac: Interview with Keith Richards”, Uncut (IPC Media): pg. 38 
  76. ^ Braun, Liz (8 March 2008). Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Richards Turns a New Page. Edmonton Sun. Retrieved on 2008-03-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion.
  77. ^ Ellis, Estelle; Seebohm, Carol and Sykes, Christopher Simon (1995). At Home with Books: How Booklovers Live with and Care for Their Libraries. Clarkson Potter, pg. 209-212. ISBN 0-517-59500-1.  
  78. ^ Kiwi Doctor Rolls with the Stones. Sunday Star Times (10 February 2008). Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  79. ^ Keith Richards Is Given the All Clear to Get Back to Work As Stones Announce New Itinerary for European Shows. RollingStones. com (2 June 2006). Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  80. ^ "Huckabee prepares pardon papers for rocker Keith Richards", Arkansas News Bureau, 2006-07-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold  
  81. ^ (2007, March 13). Keith Richards backstage Rock & Roll Hall of Fame ceremony. WDST. WDST is the Callsign of an Adult album alternative radio station licenced to Woodstock New York.
  82. ^ a b “Snortergate: The True Story (Interview with Mark Beaumont)”, Uncut (IPC Media): pg. 55, September 2007 
  83. ^ Exclusive: Keith Richards: 'I Snorted My Dad's Ashes'. New Musical Express (03 April 2007). Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Retrieved on 2007-04-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
  84. ^ Keith Richards: Read the Interview the World Is Talking About. New Musical Express (04 April 2007). Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Retrieved on 2007-04-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
  85. ^ "Did Keith Richards Really Snort His Dad's Ashes? No — It Was A Joke!", MTV, 2007-04-03. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.  
  86. ^ Doyle, Tom (September 2007), “Keith Richards: The Mojo Interview”, Mojo (EMAP Performance Ltd. ): pg. 60 
  87. ^ Rolling Stone Keith Richards' mother dies. ABC News Online (April 24 2007). Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Retrieved on 2007-04-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to
  88. ^ Keith Richards’s Mum Dies. MTV Music Television (24 April 2007). Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Retrieved on 2007-04-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to
  89. ^ a b Wild, Davido (31 May 2007). Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Johnny Depp & Keith Richards: Pirates of the Caribbean's Blood Brothers. Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
  90. ^ Keith Wins Spike Award. RollingStones. com (24 October 2007). Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  91. ^ Rich, Motoko (01 August 2007). Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman A Rolling Stone Prepares to Gather His Memories. New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
  92. ^ Keith Richards the New Face of Louis Vuitton. Sydney Morning Herald (5 March 2008). Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a

External links


Persondata
NAME Richards, Keith
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION English guitarist; songwriter; singer
DATE OF BIRTH December 18, 1943
PLACE OF BIRTH Dartford, Kent, England
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
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