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Kayseri
Traditional Kayseri house with Mount Erciyes in the background
Traditional Kayseri house with Mount Erciyes in the background
Kayseri (Turkey )
Kayseri
Kayseri
Location of Kayseri
Coordinates: 38°44′N 35°29′E / 38.733, 35.483
Country Flag of Turkey Turkey
Region Central Anatolia
Province Kayseri
Elevation 1,050 m (3,445 ft)
Population (2007)
 - Total 1. Mount Erciyes (Erciyes Dağı is a massive Stratovolcano located 25 km south of Kayseri, Turkey. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The provinces of Turkey are organized into 7 census-defined regions ( bölge) which were originally defined at the First Geography Congress in 1941 Turkey is divided into 81 provinces called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit 165. 088 (TÜİK)
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code 38x xx
Area code(s) (+90) 352
Licence plate 38
Website: www.kayseri.bel.tr

Kayseri (Ottoman Turkish:قیصریه: Greek: Καισάρεια/Kaisareia), named in the antiquity Mazaka or Mazarca, Eusebia, Caesarea Cappadociae, and later Kaisariyah[1], is a large and industrialized city in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Turkish car number plates are License plates found on Turkish vehicles Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlıca or tr ''Osmanlı Türkçesi'' Ottoman Turkish ota-Latn ''lisân-ı Osmânî'' is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly This is a list of cities in Turkey by population Included are cities that are provincial capitals or have a population of at least 7000 Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches It is the seat of Kayseri Province. The Kayseri Province, in central Turkey, is an area that has been linked with mythological stories as well as important figures in Turkish history. The city of Kayseri, as defined by the boundaries of Kayseri Metropolitan Municipality, is structurally composed of five metropolitan districts, the two core districts of Kocasinan and Melikgazi, and since 2004, also Hacılar, İncesu and Talas. Kocasinan is a metropolitan district of the city of Kayseri in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Melikgazi is a metropolitan district of Kayseri in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Hacılar is a town and district of Kayseri Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. İncesu is a town and district of Kayseri Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Talas is a town in central Anatolia and a district of Kayseri Province in Turkey. In conjunction with the addition of new districts and first stage municipalities into the metropolitan area, the city's population, which was 690,000 in 2000, is currently 895,253.

Kayseri is marked by the Mount Erciyes which towers in the horizon south of the city. Mount Erciyes (Erciyes Dağı is a massive Stratovolcano located 25 km south of Kayseri, Turkey. Its inhabitants (Kayserili) are renowned for their alertness, entrepreneurial spirit and a strict understanding regarding the management of economies, the last point having been the subject of more than a few legends in Turkey. The city itself is a blend of wealth, modernity and provincial conservatism [2] and is often cited in the first ranks among Turkey's cities which fit the definition of Anatolian Tigers [3]. Anatolian Tigers (Anadolu Kaplanları is a term internationally used in the context of the Turkish economy to refer to and to explain the Phenomenon of a number

Renowned for its culinary specialties such as mantı, pastirma and sucuk, the city is also rich in historical monuments (dating especially from the Seljuk period). Pastırma or bastırma is a highly seasoned air-dried cured beef in the cuisines of the former Ottoman countries Sujuk ( sucuk; суджук; суджук; Serbian/Croatian/Bosnian sudžuk/cyџyk; Armenian երշիկ "yershig" The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selçuklular; in Ṣaljūqīyān; in While it is generally visited en-route to the international tourist attractions of Cappadocia, Kayseri has many visitor's attractions by its own right; Seljuk monuments in and around the center, Mount Erciyes as trekking and alpinism center, Zamantı River as rafting center, the historic sites of Ağırnas (Sinan the Architect's village), Talas (home to the former Talas American College), Germir (Elia Kazan's village) and Develi to name a few. Cappadocia (or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya, from Greek: Καππαδοκία / Kappadokía which in turn is from the Persian: Mount Erciyes (Erciyes Dağı is a massive Stratovolcano located 25 km south of Kayseri, Turkey. The word 'hiking' is understood in all English-speaking countries but there are differences in usage “Alpinist” redirects here See also Alpinist (magazine Mountaineering is the Sport, Hobby or Profession of Zamantı River is a river in Central Anatolia, Turkey crossing Kayseri Province in practically its whole course to join Seyhan River further south Rafting or whitewater rafting is a challenging recreational activity utilizing a Raft to navigate a River or other bodies of water Ağırnas is a township with own municipality in Central Anatolia, Turkey, within the boundaries of Kayseri metropolitan area and administratively Koca Mi‘mār Sinān Āġā ( Ottoman Turkish: خوجه معمار سنان آغا ( April 15, 1489 - April 09, Talas is a town in central Anatolia and a district of Kayseri Province in Turkey. Talas American College ( Talas Amerikan Koleji or' Talas Amerikan Ortaokulu' in Turkish) was a secondary school for boys located in Talas Elia Mother, ( Greek: Ηλίας Καζάν September 7 1909 &ndash September 28 2003) was a Greek - American Develi is a town and district in Kayseri Province in Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. Kayseri is served by Erkilet International Airport and is home to Erciyes University. Erkilet Airport or Kayseri Erkilet Airport (Kayseri Erkilet Havaalani is a military Airbase and public Airport located in the Kayseri Province Erciyes University is a Turkish institute of higher education located in Kayseri, Turkey.

Contents

History

Kayseri has been a continuous settlement since 3000 BC. The city has always been a vital trade center since it is located on major trade routes, particularly along what was called the Great Silk Road. The Silk Road, or Silk Routes, are an extensive interconnected network of Trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East South and Western Asia with the One of the oldest cities founded in Anatolia, Kültepe, lies nearby. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black For the village in Azerbaijan see Kültəpə. Kültepe is the name of the modern village near the ancient city of Kaneš in central eastern

As Mazaca, the city served as the residence of the kings of Cappadocia. Cappadocia (or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya, from Greek: Καππαδοκία / Kappadokía which in turn is from the Persian: In ancient times, it was on the crossroads of the trade routes from Sinope to the Euphrates and from the Persian Royal Road that extended from Sardis to Susa. The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת The Persian Royal Road was an ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt by the Persian king Darius I of Achaemenid Empire in the 5th Century BC Sardis, also Sardes ( Lydian: Sfard, Greek: Σάρδεις, Persian: Sparda) modern Sart in Susa ( Biblical שושן ( Shushan) also Greek: Σοῦσα Transliterated as Sousa; Latin Susa) In Roman times, a similar route from Ephesus to the East also crossed the city. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Ephesus ( Hittite Apasa; Ancient Greek; Turkish Efes) was a city of ancient Anatolia.

The city's name was changed to Eusebia in honor of the Cappadocian king Ariathes V (163–130 BC). Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator (in Greek Aριαράθης Eυσεβής Φιλoπάτωρ; reigned 163&ndash130 BC or 126 BC was son of the preceding king The name was changed again to Caesarea by the last Cappadocian King Archelaus[1] or perhaps by Tiberius[4]. Archelaus IV (in Greek ο Αρχέλαος, flourished 1st century BC & 1st century died 17 was the last King of Cappadocia. Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (or Tiberius I) born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16 42 BC – March 16 AD 37) was the second Roman

Caesarea stood on a low spur on the north side of Mount Erciyes (Mons Argaeus in ancient times). Mount Erciyes (Erciyes Dağı is a massive Stratovolcano located 25 km south of Kayseri, Turkey. The site, now called the old town, diplays only a few traces from the old town. It was destroyed by the Sassanid king Shapur I of Persia after his victory over the Emperor Valerian I in AD 260. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire Shapur I was the second Sassanid King of the Second Persian Empire. For other uses see Valerian. Publius Licinius Valerianus (c 200 - after 260 commonly known in English as Valerian Events By Place Roman Empire Gallienus becomes Emperor Gallienus defends what remains of the empire against barbarians and At the time it was recorded to have around 400,000 inhabitants. In the 4th century, bishop Basil established an ecclesiastical centre on the plain, about one mile to the northeast, which gradually supplanted the old town. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great (c 330 – January 1, 379) (Άγιος Βασίλειος ο Μέγας Latin A portion of Basil's new city was surrounded with strong walls and turned into a fortress by Justinian. Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus ( Greek: Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ιουστινιανός; known in English as Justinian I or

Caesarea became Kaisariyah with the arrival of the Arabs, and later Kayseri[1] when the city was captured by the Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan in 1064. The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selçuklular; in Ṣaljūqīyān; in Alp Arslan (1029 &ndash December 15, 1072) was the second sultan of the Seljuk dynasty and great-grandson of Seljuk, the Eponym of It became one of the most prominent center of the Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate, until it fell to the Mongols in 1243. Within the walls lies the greater part of Kayseri rebuilt between the 13th and 16th centuries. The city became Ottoman in the 15th century. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish

Thus, there were three golden-age periods for Kayseri. The first, dating back to 2000BC, was when the city was a trade post between the Assyrians and the Hittites. The Assyrians are an Ethnic group whose origins lie in what is today Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established The second golden age came during the Roman rule (200 - 300 AD). The third golden age was during the reign of Seljuks, when the city was the second capital of the state. The Great Seljuq Empire was a Medieval Sunni Muslim empire established by the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks that once controlled

Kayseri 1897
Kayseri 1897
Kayseri 2007, the City Museum in Kültürpark amusement park
Kayseri 2007, the City Museum in Kültürpark amusement park

The 1500-year-old castle, built initially by the Romans, is still standing in good shape at the central square of the city. Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group The short-lived Seljuk rule left large number of historical landmarks; historical buildings such as the Hunad Hatun complex, Kilij Arslan Mosque, The Grand Mosque and Gevher Nesibe asylum. Gevher Nesibe was an early-13th century Seljuk princess the daughter of Kilij Arslan II and sister of Kaykhusraw I, and the namesake of a magnificent complex The Grand Bazaar dates from the latter part of the 1800s, but the adjacent Caravanserai (where merchant traders gathered before forming a caravan) dates from around 1500. An Armenian church from the 19th century still operates as a church, another from the same period is used as a gymnasium. However, apart from these few, large, religious and secular constructions, most of Kayseri is modern. The town's older districts (which were filled with ornate mansion-houses mostly dating from the 18th and 19th centuries) were subjected to wholesale demolitions starting in the 1970s. [5] The city is famous for its carpet sellers, and a range of carpets and rugs can be purchased reasonably ranging from new to 50 or more years old. A carpet is any loom-woven felted textile or grass floor covering

In the 4th century the city becomes central in early Christianity when St. Basil the Great establishes an ecclesiastical centre here. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great (c 330 – January 1, 379) (Άγιος Βασίλειος ο Μέγας Latin [2]. It is a Roman Catholic titular see [6] and was the seat of an Armenian diocese. [7]

The building that hosts Kayseri Lisesi was arranged to host the Turkish Grand National Assembly during the Turkish War of Independence when the Greek army had advanced very close to Ankara, the capital. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi - TBMM, usually referred to simply as Meclis - "the Parliament" is the Unicameral The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı May 19, 1919 October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed Mission The Hellenic Army's objective is to defend Greece's independence borders and terrain and also to guarantee the country's defense Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul.

Industry

Kayseri received notable public investments in the 1920s and 1930s. Sumer Textile and Kayseri Tayyare Fabrikasi (airplane builder) were set up here during the early Republican Era with the help of German and particularly Russian experts. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The latter manufactured first aircraft "made in Turkey" in the 1940s. After the 1950s, the city suffered from a decrease in the amount of public investment. It was, however, during the same years that Kayseri businessmen and merchants became transformed into countrywide capitalists. Families such as Sabancı, Has, Dedeman and Ozilhan who started out as small-scale merchants in the city of Kayseri became prominent actors in the Turkish economy. Hacı Ömer Sabancı Holding AŞ, abbreviated as Sabancı Holding, is the second largest industrial and financial conglomerate in Turkey after Koç Holding However, these families set up their headquarters in cities such as Istanbul and Adana, nevertheless often coming back to Kayseri to invest. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Adana (the ancient Antioch in Cilicia or Antioch on the Sarus) is the capital of Adana Province in Turkey.

Thanks to the economic liberalization policies that introduced in the 1980s, a new wave of merchants and industrialists from Kayseri also joined their predecessors. Most of these new industrialists choose Kayseri as base of their operations. As a consequence of better infrastructures, the city achieved a remarkable industrial growth since 2000 and is one of the key cities that characterizes the class of Anatolian Tigers, with a favorable environment present especially for small and medium enterprises. Anatolian Tigers (Anadolu Kaplanları is a term internationally used in the context of the Turkish economy to refer to and to explain the Phenomenon of a number Small and medium enterprises (also SMEs, small and medium businesses, SMBs, and variations thereof are companies whose headcount or

Transport

Detail from Gevher Nesibe Medical Center built 1210
Detail from Gevher Nesibe Medical Center built 1210

The city is served by Erkilet International Airport and the International Air Transport Association symbol for the airport is ASR. Gevher Nesibe was an early-13th century Seljuk princess the daughter of Kilij Arslan II and sister of Kaykhusraw I, and the namesake of a magnificent complex Erkilet Airport or Kayseri Erkilet Airport (Kayseri Erkilet Havaalani is a military Airbase and public Airport located in the Kayseri Province The airport is at a short distance from Kayseri center. There are several flights per day to Istanbul, Turkey's premium air transportation hub. Since the air transportation industry in Turkey is presently registering a fast growth rate, new flights from Kayseri to several other localities in Turkey and outside Turkey are soon to be expected.

Kayseri is connected to the rest of country with railroad service. There are four trains per day to Ankara. Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. To the east there are two branches: one to Kars and Doğukapi toward Armenia, and another to Tatvan on the west shore of Lake Van. Kars may refer to Kars Turkey Kars Province, Turkey Kars Oblast, Russian Empire Kars Province Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Tatvan is a city at the western end of Lake Van, and is the regional center of the identically-named district within Bitlis Province in eastern Turkey. Lake Van (Van Gölü Gola Wanê Վանա լիճ Daryacheye Van ("Lake of Van" is the largest Lake

Since the city is located in central Turkey, transportation via cars and buses are highly efficient. It takes approximately 3 hours to reach Ankara, approximately 3 hours to Mediterranean shores and 45 minutes to Cappadocia. Cappadocia (or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya, from Greek: Καππαδοκία / Kappadokía which in turn is from the Persian: The symbol of the city, Mount Erciyes, which is a notable ski center in winters and a trekker's paradise in summers, is at only 30 minutes' drive from the city centre. Snow skiing is a group of sports utilizing Skis as primary equipment The word 'hiking' is understood in all English-speaking countries but there are differences in usage

The transportation within the city relies mainly on buses, dolmuş, and personal vehicles. Types of vehicle Share taxis come in various Vehicle types including Minibuses Midibuses covered Pickup trucks Station wagons A light rail transit system called Kayseray is under construction and is expected to open in one year. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. Kayseray (pronounced Kay-se-rIGH is the new Light-Rail stree-tram system being built for the city of Kayseri in Turkey.

Kayseri city center seen from Mimar Sinan Park
Kayseri city center seen from Mimar Sinan Park

Sport

The city has one professional football team competing in the top-flight of Turkish football - Kayserispor, currently playing in the Turkcell Super League. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Kayserispor, is a Turkish Sports club based in Kayseri. Founded in 1966, they are currently playing in the Turkish Super League Another team from the region, Kayseri Erciyesspor, was relegated to the second league last year. Kayseri Erciyesspor is a Turkish sports club based in Kayseri.

Kayserispor is one of the most promising teams in Turkey, and has finished fifth in the league for two seasons in a row. Kayserispor, is a Turkish Sports club based in Kayseri. Founded in 1966, they are currently playing in the Turkish Super League Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches It is also the only Turkish team to have won the UEFA Intertoto Cup, in 2007. The UEFA Intertoto Cup, also abbreviated as UI Cup and originally called the International Football Cup, was a summer football competition for Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Sports venues

Football stadia

(See main article: Kayseri Atatürk Stadium)

Opened in 1964, this is currently the main stadium in the region, and is shared by the two football clubs, Kayserispor and Kayseri Erciyesspor. Kayseri Atatürk Stadium, opened in 1964, is a multi-use Stadium in Kayseri, Turkey. Kayseri Atatürk Stadium, opened in 1964, is a multi-use Stadium in Kayseri, Turkey. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Kayserispor, is a Turkish Sports club based in Kayseri. Founded in 1966, they are currently playing in the Turkish Super League Kayseri Erciyesspor is a Turkish sports club based in Kayseri. It has a capacity of 25,918 (all-seater) and is mostly uncovered.

(See main article: Kayseri Kadir Has Stadyumu)

The new stadium of Kayseri is currently under construction, as part of the Atatürk Spor Complex, located in the outskirts of the city. Kayseri Kadir Has Stadyumu is a multi-use Stadium in Kayseri, Turkey, that is currently under construction Kayseri Kadir Has Stadyumu is a multi-use Stadium in Kayseri, Turkey, that is currently under construction It will hold at least 33,000 people (all-seater) and will be totally under cover. It will be shared by the two Kayserian football clubs, as before, and the Kadir Has Stadium will be the new home for both teams. The stadium and surrounding sports complex will be served by the Light-rail system, Kayseray, making access to the complex easier for travelling locals. Kayseray (pronounced Kay-se-rIGH is the new Light-Rail stree-tram system being built for the city of Kayseri in Turkey. The expected completion date is towards the end of 2007. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Indoor arenas

This is an indoor arena complex, currently under construction and expected to be completed in late 2007. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. It will have an all-seater capacity of 7,200 people.

Education

Kayseri Lisesi High School, established in 1893, is one of the oldest high-schools in Turkey. High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches In 2000, the private Kılıçarslan High School in Kayseri and Anatoli College in Salonica became sister schools. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), Thessalonica, or Salonica is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Macedonia

The city's largest university, The Erciyes University which was founded in 1978 is a continuation of a number of schools founded in 1206 and 1956. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Erciyes University is a Turkish institute of higher education located in Kayseri, Turkey. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [3]

Notable Kayserians

(alphabetical order)

Sister cities

(alphabetical order)

See also

A hotel building in Kayseri
A hotel building in Kayseri

References

  1. ^ a b c Everett-Heath, John (2005). For military actions near the city see Battle of Homs. Homs ( حمص,, anciently called Emesa (ἡ Ἔμεσα or "La Chamelle" Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Demographics 1971 Croats - 37782 (396% Bosniaks ( ie Bosnian Muslims - 33645 (36 Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Nalchik (На́льчик Kabardian: Налшык Balkar: Нальчик is a city in the Caucasus region of southern Russia The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ Saarbrücken (ˈzaːɐ̯ˈbrʏkn in German; Sarrebruck is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Yongin is a city in the south of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, approximately 40 km south of Seoul. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis Anatolian Tigers (Anadolu Kaplanları is a term internationally used in the context of the Turkish economy to refer to and to explain the Phenomenon of a number Kayseri (English). Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. Retrieved on 11, 2007. Retrieved on 12 2007.  “"The original name was changed to Eusebia after Ariarathes V Eusebes, King of Cappadocia (163–130 BC). It was changed again by Archelaus (d. 17), last King of Cappadocia (36 BC–AD 14) and a Roman puppet, to Caesarea (in Cappadocia, to distinguish it from other cities with the same name) in honour of Caesar Augustus†. When the Arabs arrived they amended the name to Kaisariyah and this became Kayseri when the Seljuk Turks took control c. 1080. It was annexed to the Ottoman Empire in 1515. "”
  2. ^ Vincent Boland. Article: Marriage of old and new sways voters in Turkey (English). Financial Times. The Financial Times ( FT) is a British international business Newspaper.
  3. ^ ESI. Full text Islamic Calvinists: Change and Conservatism in Central Anatolia (English). European Stability Initiative, Berlin. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.
  4. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia
  5. ^ [1] Traditional houses in Kayseri
  6. ^ Caesarea in Cappadocia. Catholic Hierarchy. This article refers to hierarchy in the Catholic Church. For hierarchy in other communions with a "catholic" character please see articles on the churches
  7. ^ Caesarea. Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia

External links

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