| Katsura Tarō | |
 Prime Minister of Japan |
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| In office 2 June 1901 – 7 January 1906 |
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| Preceded by | Ito Hirobumi |
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| Succeeded by | Saionji Kinmochi |
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13th Prime Minister of Japan
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| In office 14 July 1908 – 30 August 1911 |
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| Succeeded by | Saionji Kinmochi |
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15th Prime Minister of Japan
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| In office 21 December 1912 – 20 February 1913 |
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| Succeeded by | Yamamoto Gonnohyoe |
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| Born | 4 January 1848 Hagi, Nagato Province, Japan |
| Died | 10 October 1913 (aged 65) Tokyo, Japan |
| Political party | Rikken Doshikai (from 3rd Term) |
| Occupation | General, Imperial Japanese Army |
- In this Japanese name, the family name is Katsura. The is the usual English-language term used for the Head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting was a Japanese statesman Resident-General of Korea, four time Prime Minister of Japan (the 1st 5th 7th and 10th and Genrō. ( 23 October 1849 – 24 November 1940) was a Japanese politician statesman and twice Prime Minister of Japan. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year ( 23 October 1849 – 24 November 1940) was a Japanese politician statesman and twice Prime Minister of Japan. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ( 26 November 1852 – 8 December 1933) also called Gonnohyōe, was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and the 16th ( 20 Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap often called, was a province of Japan. It was at the extreme western end of Honshū, in the area that is today Yamaguchi prefecture. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. was a Japanese Political party active in the early years of the 20th century The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku in modern times usually consist of a Family name ( Surname) followed by a Given name. A family name or last name is a type of Surname and part of a person's name indicating the family to which the person belongs
Katsura Tarō (桂 太郎 Katsura Tarō?, 4 January 1848 - 10 October 1913), was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, politician and three-time Prime Minister of Japan. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person The is the usual English-language term used for the Head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime
Contents |
Early life
Katsura was born into a samurai family from Hagi, [Nagato Province|Chōshū]] domain (present day Yamaguchi Prefecture). is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. is a city located in Yamaguchi, Japan and was incorporated as a city on July 1, 1932. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines--> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū As a youth, he joined the movement against the Tokugawa bakufu and participated in some of the major battles of the Boshin War that led to the Meiji Restoration. The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of The was a Civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure
Army career
The new Meiji government considered that Katsura displayed great talent, and sent him to Germany to study military science. The Government of Meiji period Japan from 1868-1911 was an evolution of institutions and structures from the feudal order of the Tokugawa bakufu towards Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Military strategy is a National defence policy implemented by Military organisations to pursue desired strategic goals Derived from the Greek He served as military attaché at the Japanese embassy in Germany from 1875-1878 and again from 1884-1885. A military attaché is a Military Expert who is part of a Diplomatic mission; this post is normally filled by a high-ranking officer On his return to Japan, he was promoted to major general. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries He served in several key army positions, and in 1886 was appointed Vice-Minister of War. The, more popularly known as the Ministry of War of Japan was the Cabinet -level ministry from 1872-1945 in charge with administration of the Imperial Japanese Army
During the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) he commanded the IJA 3rd Division under his mentor, Field Marshal Yamagata Aritomo. The First Sino-Japanese War ( 日清戦争 Romaji: Nisshin Sensō ( 1 August 1894 – 17 April 1895) was a war fought between The was an Infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its Call sign was the. Field Marshal was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and twice Prime Minister of Japan. During the war, his division made a memorable march in the depth of winter from the north-east shore of the Yellow Sea to Haicheng, finally occupying Niuchwang, and effecting a junction with the IJA 2nd Army which had moved up the Liaotung peninsula. The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a Marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. Yingkou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province in northeastern China. The Liáodōng Peninsula ( is a Peninsula in the Liáoníng province of northeastern China, historically known in the west as southern east- Manchuria
After the war, he was elevated with the title of shishaku (viscount) under the kazoku peerage system. A viscount ( VAI-count is a member of the European Nobility whose comital title ranks usually as in the British peerage, above a The was the hereditary Peerage of the Empire of Japan that existed between 1869 and 1947 He was appointed 2nd Governor-General of Taiwan from 2 June 1896 to October 1896. The position of Governor-General of Taiwan existed when Taiwan and the Pescadores were part of the Empire of Japan, from 1895 to 1945 Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year
In successive cabinets from 1898 to 1901, he served as Minister of War. The, more popularly known as the Ministry of War of Japan was the Cabinet -level ministry from 1872-1945 in charge with administration of the Imperial Japanese Army
As Prime Minister
Katsura Tarō served as the 11th, 13th and 15th Prime Minister of Japan. The is the usual English-language term used for the Head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Until today (2007) he has been the longest-serving Prime Minister of Japan.
First Katsura Administration
Katsura became Prime Minister for the first time on 2 June 1901 and retained the office for four and a half years to 7 January 1906, which was a record in Japan at that time. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting During his four year first term Japan emerged as a major imperialist power in East Asia. Imperialism has two meanings one describing an action and the other describing an attitude In terms of foreign affairs, it was marked by the Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902 and victory over Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. The first was signed in London at what is now the Lansdowne Club on January 30 1902, by Lord Lansdowne (British foreign secretary) and The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September The subsequent Taft-Katsura agreement of 1905 with the United States gave Japan an effective protectorate over Korea. The Taft-Katsura Agreement ( Japanese: 桂・タフト協定 Katsura-Tafuto Kyōtei, Korean: 태프트-카츠라 밀약 was a secret diplomatic memorandum The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. During this term, Katsura received the Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George from King Edward of Great Britain, and was elevated to the rank of marquess by Emperor Meiji. The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands A marquess (ˈmɑrkwɪs or marquis (/mɑrˈkiː/ is a Nobleman of hereditary rank in various European monarchies and some of their colonies The (3 November 1852 — 30 July 1912 or Meiji the Great was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession reigning from 3 February
In terms of domestic policy, Katsura was a strictly conservative politician who distanced himself from the Diet and party politics. The is Japan's Bicameral Legislature. It is composed of a Lower house, called the House of Representatives, and an Upper house, called His political views mirrored that of Yamagata Aritomo, and he saw his sole responsibility to the Emperor. He vied for control of the government with the Rikken Seiyukai, the majority party of the lower house, headed by his arch-rival, Marquess Saionji Kinmochi. was one of the main political parties in pre-war Japan. It was also known simply as the ‘Seiyūkai’ A marquess (ˈmɑrkwɪs or marquis (/mɑrˈkiː/ is a Nobleman of hereditary rank in various European monarchies and some of their colonies ( 23 October 1849 – 24 November 1940) was a Japanese politician statesman and twice Prime Minister of Japan.
In January 1906, Katsura resigned the premiership to Saionji Kinmochi over controversy and unpopularity of the Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) ending the war between Japan and Russia. The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War. However, his resignation was part of a “back door deal” brokered by Hara Takashi to alternate power between Saionji and Hara. ( 9 February 1856 – 4 November 1921) was a Japanese Politician and the 19th Prime Minister of Japan from 29 September
On 1 April 1906, he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (大勲位菊花章 daikun'i kikkashō, literally Grand Order of the Badge of the Chrysanthemums) is Japan 's
Second Katsura Administration
Katsura returned as Prime Minister from 14 July 1908 to 30 August 1911. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year His second term was noteworthy for the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty of 1910. The Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty was signed on August 22, 1910 by the representatives of the Korean and Japanese Imperial Governments and was However, Katsura was increasingly unpopular during his second term over public perception that he was using his office to further his personal fortune, and the interests of the military (gunbatsu) over the welfare of the people. is a Japanese language term having two separate meanings It is used to refer in the Japanese military in general when it competed against the civilian leadership for control He also faced growing public dissatisfaction over the persistence of the hanbatsu domainal based politics.
After his resignation, he became a kōshaku (公爵 = prince), Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan and one of the genrō. Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a The was an administrative post not of cabinet rank in the government of the Empire of Japan. was an unofficial designation given to certain retired elder Japanese Statesmen, considered the "founding fathers" of modern Japan who served as informal extraconstitutional
Third Katsura Administration
Katsura's brief reappointment again as Prime Minister again from 21 December 1912 to 20 February 1913 sparked widespread riots in what became known as the Taisho Political Crisis. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The was a popular protest movement which overthrew the administration of Prime Minister Katsura Tarō in 1913 His appointment was viewed as a plot by the genrō to overthrown rule by the Constitution. The, more commonly known as the Imperial or Meiji Constitution, was the fundamental law of the Empire of Japan from 29 November 1890 until 2 May 1947 However, rather than compromising, Katsura created his own political party, the Rikken Doshikai in an effort to establish his own support base. was a Japanese Political party active in the early years of the 20th century However, faced with a non-confidence motion (the first successful one in Japanese history) and the loss of the support of his backers, he was forced to resign in February 1913. He was succeeded by Yamamoto Gonnohyoe and the Diet was held by his new Rikken Doshikai party. ( 26 November 1852 – 8 December 1933) also called Gonnohyōe, was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and the 16th ( 20
Katsura died eight months later.
References
- Lone, Stewart (2000). Army, Empire, and Politics in Meiji Japan: The Three Careers of General Katsura Taro. Palgrave Macmillan. Macmillan Publishers Ltd, also known as The Macmillan Group, is a privately-held International Publishing company owned by Georg von Holtzbrinck ISBN: 0312232896.
External links
- Template:Prime Ministers of Japan-NDL
| Preceded by Takashima Tomonosuke |
Minister of War 1898-1900 |
Succeeded by Kodama Gentaro |
| Preceded by Yasuya Uchida |
Minister for Foreign Affairs 1912-1913 |
Succeeded by Kato Takaaki |
| Preceded by Ito Hirobumi |
Prime Minister of Japan 1901-1906 |
Succeeded by Saionji Kinmochi |
| Preceded by Saionji Kinmochi |
Prime Minister of Japan 1906-1908 |
Succeeded by Saionji Kinmochi |
| Preceded by Saionji Kinmochi |
Prime Minister of Japan 1912-1913 |
Succeeded by Yamamoto Gonnohyoe |
| edit | Japanese Governors-General of Taiwan |  |
|---|---|---|
| Kabayama Sukenori • Katsura Taro • Nogi Maresuke • Kodama Gentarō • Sakuma Samata • Ando Sadami • Akashi Motojiro • Den Kenjiro • Uchida Kakichi • Takio Izawa • Mitsunoshin Kamiyama • Takeji Kawamura • Eizo Ishizuka • Masahiro Ota • Hiroshi Minami • Kenzo Nakagawa • Seizo Kobayashi • Kiyoshi Hasegawa • Rikichi Ando | ||
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