Katherine Swynford (also spelled Synford), née (de) Roet (also spelled (de) Rouet or (de) Roelt ( 25 November 1350 – 10 May 1403), was the daughter of Payne (or Paen) de Roet, a Flemish herald from Hainault who was knighted just before his battlefield death. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. A herald, or more correctly a herald of arms, is an officer of arms, ranking between Pursuivant and King of arms. This article deals with the historical county of Hainaut for other meanings see Hainaut. Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. His children included Katherine, her older sister Philippa, a son, Walter, and the eldest sister, Isabel de Roet, (who died Canoness of the convent of St. Waudru's, Mons, c. Mons ( Dutch: Bergen, Picard: Mont) is a Walloon City and municipality located in the Belgian 1366). Katherine became the third wife of the English prince John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, and their descendants were the Beaufort family, which played a major role in the Wars of the Roses. John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster (second creation 1st Duke of Aquitaine (6 March 1340 &ndash 3 February 1399 was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third There were several Dukes of Lancaster in the 14th and early 15th Centuries The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485 were a series of dynastic Civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of Lancaster and York Henry VII, who became King of England in 1485, derived his claim to the throne from his mother Lady Margaret Beaufort, who was a great-granddaughter of Katherine Swynford. Lady Margaret Beaufort ( May 31, 1443 &ndash June 29, 1509) of the House of Lancaster was the mother of King Henry VII of
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Life
About the year 1366, at the age of 16, Katherine married Hugh Swynford (1340-1372), an English knight from the manor of Kettlethorpe in Lincolnshire, and bore him at least two children; Thomas (1368-1432), Blanche (born 1370), and likely the Margaret Swynford (born c. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. 1369) who was nominated a nun at the prestigious Barking Abbey by the command of Richard II in 1377). The ruined remains of Barking Abbey are in situated in Barking in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham in East London, England Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 Katherine then became attached to the household of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, ostensibly as governess to his two daughters (the sisters of the future Henry IV of England) by his first wife Blanche. John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster (second creation 1st Duke of Aquitaine (6 March 1340 &ndash 3 February 1399 was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third There were several Dukes of Lancaster in the 14th and early 15th Centuries Henry IV (3 April 1367 &ndash 20 March 1413 was King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399&ndash1413 Blanche of Lancaster ( March 25, 1345 &ndash September 12, 1369 Bolingbroke Castle) Countess of Derby was an English Eventually, she became his official mistress, about 1373. Katherine's sister Philippa, a member of the household of Queen Philippa of Hainault, wife of Edward III, married the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, whose poem The Book of the Duchess commemorated Blanche's death in 1369. Philippa of Hainault ( June 24 1311 &ndash August 15 1369) was the Queen consort of Edward III of England. Edward III (13 November 1312 &ndash 21 June 1377 was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. Geoffrey Chaucer (c 1343 – 25 October 1400? was an English author poet Philosopher, bureaucrat, courtier and Diplomat. The Book of the Duchess is a Dream vision Narrative poem by Geoffrey Chaucer.
Two years following the death of his second wife Constance of Castile, John and Katherine married on 13 January 1396 in Lincoln Cathedral, three years before he died. Lincoln Cathedral (in full The Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln, or sometimes St The four children Katherine had borne John of Gaunt had been given the surname "Beaufort" and were already adults when they were legitimized by this marriage with papal approval. The Beauforts were later barred from inheriting the throne by a clause inserted into the legitimation act by their half-brother, Henry IV.
Katherine survived John by only four years, dying on 10 May 1403. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. She was then dowager Duchess of Lancaster. A dowager is a widow who holds a title or property or Dower, derived from her deceased husband Her tomb, and that of her daughter Joan Beaufort, are under a carved-stone canopy in the sanctuary of Lincoln Cathedral, but their remains are no longer in them, because the tombs were despoiled in 1644, during the English Civil War, by the Roundheads. Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmorland (c 1379 &ndash 13 November 1440) was the fourth child (and only daughter of John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster Lincoln Cathedral (in full The Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln, or sometimes St The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. " Roundheads " was the Nickname given to the Puritan supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War.
Children
Katherine's children by John of Gaunt were:
- John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset. John Beaufort 1st Earl of Somerset (1373 &ndash March 16, 1410) was the first of the four illegitimate children of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster
- Henry Cardinal Beaufort. Henry Beaufort (c 1375 &ndash 11 April 1447) was a medieval English clergyman and Bishop of Winchester, an anomaly in being
- Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter. Thomas Beaufort Duke of Exeter (c 1377 &ndash c 31 December 1426) was an English military commander during the Hundred Years' War, and
- Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland. Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmorland (c 1379 &ndash 13 November 1440) was the fourth child (and only daughter of John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster Westmorland (formerly also spelt Westmoreland, an even older spelling is Westmerland) is an area of north-west England and one of the 39 Historic counties
Katherine's son John was the great-grandfather of Henry VII of England and the grandfather of James II of Scotland; her daughter Joan Beaufort was the grandmother of Edward IV of England and Richard III of England, whom Henry VII defeated to take the throne. James II of Scotland ( October 16 1430, at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh &ndash August 3 1460) reigned as King of Scots Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmorland (c 1379 &ndash 13 November 1440) was the fourth child (and only daughter of John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster Edward IV ( 28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October Richard III ( 2 October 1452 &ndash 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death (Henry then married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, and their son became Henry VIII of England). Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 &ndash 11 February 1503 was the Queen Consort of King Henry VII of England, whom she married in 1486 Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Her step-son became Henry IV of England by deposing Richard II of England (who was imprisoned and died shortly thereafter, in Pontefract Castle, where Katherine's son Thomas Swynford was constable, and he was said to have starved Richard to death for his step-brother); her step-daughter, John and Constance's daughter Catherine (or Catalina), was the great-grandmother of Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of Henry VIII of England and mother of Mary I of England. Henry IV (3 April 1367 &ndash 20 March 1413 was King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399&ndash1413 Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 Pontefract Castle is a castle in the town of Pontefract, in West Yorkshire, England. A constable is a person holding a particular office most commonly in law enforcement. Catherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536 also known as Catharine, Katherine or Katharine ( Castilian Infanta Catalina Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Mary I (18 February 1516 &ndash 17 November 1558 was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death
Reception
Katherine Swynford is the subject of Anya Seton's novel Katherine (published in 1954) and of Alison Weir's biography Katherine Swynford: The Story of John of Gaunt and his Scandalous Duchess (ISBN 0224063219). Anya Seton ( January 23, 1904 (although the year is often misstated to be 1906 or 1916 - November 8, 1990) was the pen name of the American Anya Seton 's Katherine is a Historical novel based largely on facts Alison Weir may refer to Alison Weir Swynford is also the subject of Jeanette Lucraft's historical biography Katherine Swynford: The History of a Medieval Mistress. This book seeks to establish Swynford as a powerful figure in the politics of fourteenth-century England, and an example of how a woman could manipulate the social mores of the time for her own interests rather than just as the sexual temptress that previous writers have portrayed.
Further Reading
- Weir, Alison (2007). Katherine Swynford. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0224063219.
External links
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