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"Castellorizon" is also the name of a song from David Gilmour's album On an Island, based on a night he spent on Kastelorizo in 2006. Castellorizon is the opening song on David Gilmour 's third solo album On an Island. On an Island is the third solo album by David Gilmour, best known as a lead vocalist and guitarist for Pink Floyd.
Kastelorizo
Καστελλόριζο
Panoramic view of Kastelorizo Town
Panoramic view of Kastelorizo Town
Geography
Island Chain: Dodecanese
Total Isles: 3
Area:[1] 11. 987 km² (5 sq.mi.)
Highest Mountain: Mt. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Vigla (Βίγλα) (273 m (896 ft))
Government
Flag of Greece Greece
Periphery: South Aegean
Prefecture: Dodecanese
Capital: Megísti (town)
Statistics
Population: 430 (as of 2001)
Density: 36 /km² (93 /sq. South Aegean is one of the thirteen Peripheries of Greece. It consists of the Cyclades and Dodecanese islands in the South Aegean Sea. The Dodecanese ( Greek Δωδεκάνησα Dodekánisa 'twelve islands' are a group of 12 larger plus 150 smaller Greek islands in the Aegean mi. )
Postal Code: 851 11
Area Code: 22460
License Code: ΚΧ, ΡΟ, PK
Website
www.megisti.gr

Kastelorizo, (Greek: Μεγίστη/Megisti), is a small Greek island and municipality located in the South-Eastern Mediterranean. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant It lies roughly 1,300 m (4,265 ft) off the south coast of Turkey, about 110 km (68 mi) east of Rhodes, almost halfway between Rhodes and Antalya. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Rhodes (Ρόδος Ródos, ˈɾo̞ðo̞s Rodi ردوس Rodos; Ladino: Rodi or Rodes) is a Greek island Rhodes (Ρόδος Ródos, ˈɾo̞ðo̞s Rodi ردوس Rodos; Ladino: Rodi or Rodes) is a Greek island Antalya (formerly known as Adalia; from Pamphylian Greek: Αττάλεια Attália) is a city on the Mediterranean coast of southwestern [2]

It has gone by several different names in its history, including Italian: Castellorizo, Castelrosso, and Turkish: Meis. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. The meaning of its current official name Megisti (Μεγίστη) is "Biggest" or "Greatest", but at only 11. 987 km² (5 sq mi) in area, it is the smallest of the Dodecanese. The Dodecanese ( Greek Δωδεκάνησα Dodekánisa 'twelve islands' are a group of 12 larger plus 150 smaller Greek islands in the Aegean The name, however, refers to the fact that it is the largest of the small archipelago. [2]

Contents

Origin of the name

There are several hypotheses about the origin of the modern name of the island. While there is a wide consensus that "Kastello" comes from the Italian word "castello", meaning "castle", the second part of the name could stem from:

Geography

Satellite picture of Kastelorizo
Satellite picture of Kastelorizo

Kastelorizo is (with the exception of the nearby islet of Stroggýli) the easternmost Greek island and is situated in the Eastern Mediterranean. Stroggyli Kastellorizou ( Greek: Στρογγυλή Μεγίστης) also called Strongili or Ipsili, is a Greek islet which The Greek Islands are a collection of over 6000 Islands and Islets that belong to Greece. It lies about 2 miles (3 km) from the Anatolian coastal town of Kaş, more or less half-way between Rhodes and Antalya. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Kaş is a small fishing yachting and tourist town and a district of Antalya Province of Turkey, 168km west of the city of Antalya. Antalya (formerly known as Adalia; from Pamphylian Greek: Αττάλεια Attália) is a city on the Mediterranean coast of southwestern It is six kilometres long and three kilometres wide, with a surface of 9. 2 km². It has a triangular shape, and is oriented from NE to SW. The island features three capes: Agios Stefanos (north), Nifti (east) and Pounenti (south west); between the first two there is a wide and accommodating bay, the island's main harbour, where one finds the only town on the island. Cape Agios Stefanos, the nearest to Anatolia, is 2250m south of the modern Turkish town of Kaş (Greek: Andífli, the ancient Greek City of Antiphéllos). Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Kaş is a small fishing yachting and tourist town and a district of Antalya Province of Turkey, 168km west of the city of Antalya. Cape Nifti lies some greater distance from the Anatolian coast. The island is mountainous, with high and steep coastlines, which become more difficult to access moving west. The soil is composed of limestone, and produces only small amounts of olives, grapes and beans. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 The Olive ( Olea europaea) is a Species of small Tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal On the island there is no source of drinking water. Water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking water is termed potable water whether it is used for drinking or not The Municipality of Megísti includes the populated offshore islands of Ro (pop. Rho (Ρω is a small Greek island in the Dodecanese prefecture in the eastern Mediterranean Sea near Kastelorizo and less than 800 15) and Stroggýli (9) as well as several uninhabited islets. Stroggyli Kastellorizou ( Greek: Στρογγυλή Μεγίστης) also called Strongili or Ipsili, is a Greek islet which It has a total land area of 11. 987 km².

Geology

The island's geology is almost exclusively limestone laid down at the mesozoic/cenozoic boundary. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 The Mesozoic Era is one of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. The Cenozoic (also Caenozoic or Cainozoic) Era (ˌsiːnəˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsɛn- (meaning "new life" ( Greek ( kainos) "new" Due to the lack of significant flora covering the island, the landscape shows many features of karstification. In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble Bedrock, usually Carbonate rock such as Limestone There are a number of notable sea caves including the so called Blue Grotto which is much larger than its namesake in Capri. Capri ( Italian pronunciation Cápri usual English pronunciation Caprí is an Italian island off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side Exploration undertaken in 2006 by members of the SELAS Caving club of Greece has revealed vertical caves in many parts of the island. Caving or spelunking is the recreational Sport of exploring Caves In contrast Speleology is the scientific study of caves and the cave A cave is a natural underground void large enough for a human to enter The deepest found so far was surveyed to a depth of -60m in March 2006 and will be the subject of further exploration in the future by the same team.

Description of the island

Church of Agios Nikolaos
Church of Agios Nikolaos

The houses of the town are slender and characterised by wooden balconies and windows of the Anatolian type. [3] Behind the waterfront, many houses are still in a ruinous state. At the entrance to the harbour, on the east side, stand the single storey remnants the former Italian governate (palazzina della delegazione), erected in 1926 by the Italian architect Florestano Di Fausto, who also designed some of the most important buildings of the Italian period in Rhodes. [4] Nearby is the island's former mosque which dates from the second half of the eigtheenth century and which has been now restored and re-opened as a museum (2007). A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger From here starts the town's quay, which runs along all three sides of the harbour. The central square —Plateia Ethelondon Kastellórizou—lies at the mid-point of the eastern side, near the vessel dock. On the opposite side of the harbour one has a good view from this vantage of Pera Meria, the western quay, and the monasteries of Profitis Elías and Aghia Triadha, the former now an army base.

Above the quay on the eastern side there is a pathway which leads to the Castle of the Knights (14th century). Of it remain the curtain wall, part of a square tower, the remains of a cylindrical tower at the east corner, and toward the sea another cylindrical tower. [5] A Doric inscription, carved in the rock, attests to the existence of an earlier fortress here during Antiquity. For the modern Doric dialect of Scotland see Doric dialect (Scotland Doric was a dialect of ancient Greek. [5]Inside the tower there is a large covered cistern. [5] The castle offers a beautiful view of the town and the Anatolian coast.

Another small but interesting museum, located in the former Ottoman konak, provides a convenient overview of the history of the island. Konak (konak is a large house in Turkey and in the former Ottoman Empire; especially one used as an official residence Its diverse collection includes diving suits, ceramics, frescoes, jewels, vases and coins. Beyond the museum, steps lead to the so-called Lycian tomb (4th cent BC), (the only one existing in Greece) carved in the limestone of the mountain, with a Doric Order facade carrying a tympanum with Acroterion. The Doric order was one of the three '''orders''' or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or Classical architecture; the other two Canonical A tympanum (plural tympana is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance bounded by a Lintel and Arch. An acroterion or acroterium is an architectural ornament placed on a flat base called the acroter or Plinth, and mounted at the apex of the Pediment [5] The tomb is similar to those which are to be found in Anatolia, but this one is less ornate.

Ascending the steps on the eastern side of the town, one reaches the suburb of Horafia, where there is a square surrounded by the Church of Agios Yeorgios (1906), with a high dome of Byzantine type, and the Cathedral of Agios Konstandinos and Eleni (1835). It has three naves divided by monolithic granite columns from the temple of Apollo Lykios in Patara (Anatolia). A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites This article is about the ancient city named Patara in Lycia Turkey for the city named Patara in Cappadocia Turkey see Patara (Cappadocia, for the village named Patara [3] The columns carry ogival arches. An ogive ("Oh-jive" is a curved shape figure or feature Further east is the small bay known as Mandraki, the secondary harbour of the island.

The harbour of Kastelorizo
The harbour of Kastelorizo

West of the town, beyond the summit of the island known as Vigla (270 m), stands Paleokastro (old castle), the island's ancient acropolis. Acropolis (Gr akros akron edge extremity + polis city pl acropoleis This fortified elevation has classical origins (see above, history section): its plan is rectangular and measures 60 x 80 m. In its interior stand an ancient tower, built with square limestone blocks, and large water cisterns. Carved on the base of the castle there is also a Doric inscription, dating back to the 4th or 3rd centuries BC, with references to Megiste (the ancient name of Kastelorizo) and its dependence on Rhodes. On the east side there are remnants of a gateway, or Propylaea. A Propylaea, Propylea or Propylaia (in Greek &mdash Προπυλαια is any monumental Gateway based on the original Propylaea that serves

The most celebrated attraction of the island is the Blue Cave, on its SE coast, named by the inhabitants phokialí (Greek for seal's refuge). [5] Being 40-50 m long, 25-30 m wide, and 20-25 m high, it is much larger than the world famous Grotta Azzurra on Capri, Italy. The Blue Grotto ( Grotta Azzurra) is a noted Sea cave on the coast of the island of Capri, Italy. Capri ( Italian pronunciation Cápri usual English pronunciation Caprí is an Italian island off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side [5] The light of the sun, refracted through the sea, is reflected in the interior of the Grotto, thereby producing a dazzling blue colour. The Cave can be visited only by boat and, since the entrance is barely one metre high above sea level, only under calm sea conditions: the best time of the day to visit is early in the morning, when the sun is still low. [5]

Archipelago between Turkey and Kastelorizo

There are many islets in this area;Volos, near Kalkan (in Greek Kalamaki), Ochendra, Furnachia, Prassonisi, Rho, Tragonera, Marathi, Strongili, Dhassia, Alimentaria, Kekova, besides many rocks and cliffs. Kalkan (Kalamaki is a town on the Turkish Mediterranean coast which averages of 300 days of sunshine a year Rho (Ρω is a small Greek island in the Dodecanese prefecture in the eastern Mediterranean Sea near Kastelorizo and less than 800 Stroggyli Kastellorizou ( Greek: Στρογγυλή Μεγίστης) also called Strongili or Ipsili, is a Greek islet which Iç Ada (literally "Internal Island" in Turkish Language; Greek: Alimentaria) is a Turkish islet near Kaş (ancient Kekova, also named Caravola ( Lycian: Dolichiste) is a small Turkish island near Kaş (ancient Antiphellos) [5] The most important among these islets is Kekova (also named Caravola), not inhabited, which has an area of 4. Kekova, also named Caravola ( Lycian: Dolichiste) is a small Turkish island near Kaş (ancient Antiphellos) 5 km² and faces the Turkish village of Kaleköy (Simena in antiquity). Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Kaleköy (literally "Castle's village" in Turkish; ancient Lycian: Simena) is a village of the Demre district in the All these islets were subject to dispute between Italy and Turkey until 1932. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches According to Convention between Italy and Turkey, 1932, all these islets - with the exception of Rho and Strongili - were ceded to Turkey. The Convention between Italy and Turkey, signed in Ankara on January 4 1932 by the Italian Plenipotentiary Ambassador Pompeo Aloisi, and the Turkish Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches

History

Kastelorizo at dawn
Kastelorizo at dawn

The island was colonised by Dorian Greeks, who named it Megiste. The Dorians or Dorian Greeks ( Greek:, Dōrieis singular, Dōrieus were Inscriptions found at the foot of the Knight's castle confirm that during the Hellenistic period the island was ruled by Rhodes, and formed part of its Peraia. This article focuses on the historical aspects of the Hellenistic age for the cultural aspects see Hellenistic civilisation. The Rhodians sent an overseer, or epistatis, to monitor events on the island.

During the period of the Byzantine Empire, Kastelorizo was part of the 'Eparchy of the Islands', the capital of which was Rhodes. Eparchy is an Anglicized Greek word authentically Latinized as eparchia and loosely translating as 'rule over something' but has the following In 1306 the island was taken over by the Knights of St. John Hospitaller of Jerusalem, headed by Folques de Villaret. The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta ( SMOM) Order of Malta Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the [2] They were on their way from Cyprus to Rhodes, which was conquered three years later, becoming the centre of their Crusader State. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal states created by Western European Crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and They restored the castle, which was thereafter used as prison for disobedient knights. In 1440 the island was occupied by Sultan Djemal-el-din of Egypt, who destroyed the castle. Sultan of Egypt was the status held by the rulers of Egypt after the establishment of the Ayyubid Dynasty of Saladin in 1174 until the Ottoman conquest This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. [2] Ten years later it was conquered by Alfonso V of Aragon, king of Naples, who in 1461 rebuilt the castle and despatched a governor. Alfonso the Magnanimous (also Alphonso; Catalan: Alfons) (1396 &ndash 27 June 1458) was the King of Aragon (as Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Naples reained possession of it until 1512, when it was conquered by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I. Suleiman I (سليمان Sulaymān, Süleyman almost always Kanuni Sultan Süleyman) ( 6 November 1494 5/ 6 September 1566 [2]

On September 22, 1659 during the war over Crete, the island was conquered by Venice and the castle was destroyed again, but the Ottomans were able to regain it again soon after. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians The Siege of Candia (modern Heraklion, Crete) was a military conflict in which Ottoman forces besieged the Venetian -ruled city and were ultimately Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the [2] Between 1828 and 1833 Kastelórizo joined the Greek insurgents, but after the end of the Greek War of Independence it came back in possession of the Ottoman Empire. The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829 also commonly known as the Greek Revolution (Ελληνική Επανάσταση Elliniki Epanastasi; Ottoman The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish [2]

In 1912, during the Libyan war between Italy and the Ottoman Empire, the inhabitants asked General Ameglio, chief of the Italian occupation forces in Rhodes, for their island to be annexed to Italy. The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War (also known in Italy as guerra di Libia, "the Libyan war" and in Turkey as Trablusgarp Savaşı) was fought Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest This was refused, and on 14 March 1913 the local population imprisoned the Turkish governor and his Ottoman garrison and proclaimed a provisional government. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [4] In August of the same year, the Greek government sent from Samos a provisional governor supported by gendarmes. Samos (Σάμος is a Greek island in the North Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese, and off But they, too, were expelled by the inhabitants on 20 October 1915. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year On 28 December 1915, the French navy led by the cruiser Jeanne d'Arc occupied on the island at the behest of a pro-French local party which feared Turkish reprisals. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The French quickly blocked another landing attempted on the same day by a Greek contingent of Evzones. The Evzones, or Evzoni, (Εύζωνες Ευζώνοι is the name of several historical elite Light infantry and Mountain units of the Greek [4] Turkish shore batteries responded to the French occupation by shelling the island, in 1917 succeeding in sinking the British seaplane carrier HMS Ben-my-Chree. Due to the Treaty of Sèvres the island was ultimately assigned to Italy: the Italian navy assumed it from the French on 1 March 1921. The Treaty of Sèvres ( 10 August 1920) was the Peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar [4] Kastelórizo—under the Italian name Castelrosso—was then integrated in the possession of the Isole Italiane dell'Egeo.

The 1932 Convention between Italy and Turkey, which defined the sea border between the two powers, assigned all the islets of the small archipelago around Kastelorizo except Rho and Strongili to Turkey. The Convention between Italy and Turkey, signed in Ankara on January 4 1932 by the Italian Plenipotentiary Ambassador Pompeo Aloisi, and the Turkish Rho (Ρω is a small Greek island in the Dodecanese prefecture in the eastern Mediterranean Sea near Kastelorizo and less than 800 Stroggyli Kastellorizou ( Greek: Στρογγυλή Μεγίστης) also called Strongili or Ipsili, is a Greek islet which During the 1930s it was a stopover for French and British seaplanes. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. During the Second World War, on 25 February 1941, in the course of Operation Abstention, British Commandos occupied the island, but Italian forces from Rhodes recaptured it some days later. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Operation Abstention was the code name given to the British invasion of the Italian island of Kastelorizo, off Turkey, during World The British Commandos were first formed by the British Army in June 1940 during World War II as a well-armed but non-regimental raider force employing unconventional When Italy capitulated to the Allies (8 September 1943), the island was occupied again by Allied forces, and it remained under their occupation for the rest of the war. The Armistice with Italy was an Armistice signed on September 3 and publicly declared on September 8, 1943, during World War II, between Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In July 1944, a fuel dump caught fire and spread to an adjacent ammunition dump, thereby destroying half of the homes on the island.

Kastelorizo was assigned to Greece with the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. The Paris Peace Conference ( July 29 to October 15, 1946) resulted in the Paris Peace Treaties signed on February 10, 1947 In May 1945 it was still under British administration, but on September 15, 1947 effectively came under Greek administration. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The island formally joined the Greek State on 7 March 1948 together with the other Dodecanese islands. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The island has become more popular in recent years, by tourists looking for an isolated Dodecanese island, thanks also to the 1992 Best Foreign Language Film-Oscar winning movie Mediterraneo (1991) by Gabriele Salvatores. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Mediterraneo is an Italian film that won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1991. Kastelórizo was the only territory of the European Union where the Solar eclipse of 29 March 2006 was visible in its totality. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The solar eclipse that took place on March 29, 2006 was a total eclipse of the Sun that was visible from a narrow corridor which traversed half the

Demographics and economy

The population and the economy reached its apogee at the end of the nineteenth century with estimated 15,000. At that time Kastelorizo was still the only safe harbour along the route between Makrí (today's Fethiye) and Beirut. Fethiye is a City and district of Muğla Province in the Aegean region of Turkey with about 68000 Inhabitants Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 [4] Its sailing ships traded products from Anatolia (coal, timber, valonia, pine bark) against Egyptian goods (rice, sugar, coffee, tissues and yarns), and carried Anatolian cereals to Rhodes and Cyprus. In taxonomy, Valonia is a genus of Algae, specifically of the Valoniaceae. [4] On the island there was also a flourishing production of charcoal (much sought after in Alexandria, where it was used for narghile). Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια A hookah (हुक़्क़ा حقّہ hukkah) is a single or multi-stemmed (often glass-based water pipe for Smoking. [4]Fishing industry—mainly sponges—was important too. The sponges or poriferans (from Latin porus "pore" and ferre "to bear" are Animals [4]

At the dawn of the twentieth century the decay of the island's economy set in, accelerated by the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the deportation of the Anatolian Greeks in 1923. In the late 1920s the population of the island had dropped to 3,000, while about 8,000 inhabitants lived abroad, predominantly in Australia, Egypt, Greece and America. [4] At that time the town had 730 inhabited houses, while 675 were already empty, and many ruined. [4]

The population, according to the 2001 census, now stands at 430. Of these, nearly all live in the town of Megísti, with 406 people. The municipality also includes the islands of Rho with 15 persons and Stroggylí, with 9 persons. Rho (Ρω is a small Greek island in the Dodecanese prefecture in the eastern Mediterranean Sea near Kastelorizo and less than 800 Stroggyli Kastellorizou ( Greek: Στρογγυλή Μεγίστης) also called Strongili or Ipsili, is a Greek islet which It is heavily subsidized so as to forestall territorial claims by Turkey. Many of its emigrants live in Australia, where they are known as "Kazzies", especially in the cities of Perth and Sydney. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4

Culture

See also: Postage stamps of Kastellórizo

Kastelorizo was famous for the traditions of its inhabitants. See also: Kastellórizo Background Kastellórizo is the easternmost Greek island and is situated in the Eastern Mediterranean Beautiful, rich and magnificent was the women's dress, of at least three different types. It was made with brilliantly coloured fabric , and several necklaces, brooches, pendants and earrings made with ancient Venetian or Byzantines gold coins completed the dress. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. A necklace is an article of Jewellery which is worn around the Neck. A brooch (also known in ancient times as a fibula, and not to be confused with broach) is a Decorative jewelry item designed to be attached to A pendant (from Old French) is a hanging object generally attached to a Necklace or an Earring. Earrings are jewelry attached to the ear through a piercing in the Earlobe or some other external part of the ear (except in the case of clip earrings main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review [4]

The women's festive dress was made of:

The other types of dress were similar, but not so garish and without fur decorations. [4] The girl dress was simpler. Also different was the dress of single and engaged girls, and the one of married women and widowers. [4]

Customs and superstitions

The engagement, which was decided by the parents, and the wedding, which lasted 15 days, occurred through prescribed and curious ceremonies, having a symbolic and poetic meaning. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** [3] The wedding was celebrated on Sunday, in the church of Agios Kostantinos, and an announcement on the main square invited the whole city to participate. A wedding is the Ceremony in which two people are united in Marriage. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Also the baptism and the funeral (with the crying women (preficae) and the dish with oil and wine crushed on the coffin) had a well established ritual. In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted A funeral is a Ceremony marking a person's Death. Funerary customs comprise the complex of Beliefs and practices used by a Culture to remember [3]

On December 31 and on New Year, groups of children carrying small paperboard boats adorned with ribbons and small flags went around visiting houses, stores and coffee shops, singing good wishes songs and receiving coins and wheat cakes, while the old people exchanged visits. The New Year is an event that happens when a Culture celebrates the end of one Year and the beginning of the next year [3] On the morning of Agios Basilios day, coming back from mass, the men customarily throw with force a pomegranate against the walls of their home, wishing for abundance and happiness for their family . Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great (c 330 – January 1, 379) (Άγιος Βασίλειος ο Μέγας Latin The pomegranate ( Punica granatum) is a Fruit -bearing Deciduous Shrub or small Tree growing to between five and eight metres tall The more seeds spread around the rooms, the more luck the family would have in the coming year. [3]

During the feast of Agios Elias on February 16 the men jumped in the sea several times, and wore the wet clothes the whole day. Elijah or Elias ( was a Prophet in Israel in the 9th century BC Those who did not want to participate, were forced to do so too. [3]

On Easter, the mass of Resurrection took place in the open, at midnight, the faithful bearing candles. Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Mass is a fundamental concept in Physics, roughly corresponding to the Intuitive idea of how much Matter there is in an object This article concerns itself with Jesus Christ Christian, Islamic and other religious interpretations of resurrection in general A candle is a Light source and sometimes a Heat source consisting of a solid block of Fuel and an embedded wick. As soon as the bells started ringing, the young people let off firecrackers, and the people said to each other the ritual words "Christ resurrected". A bell is a simple Sound -making device The bell is a Percussion instrument and an Idiophone. A firecracker (also known as a cracker, noise maker, banger or bunger) is a small Explosive device primarily designed to produce Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " Then everyone entered the church and took from the hand of the priest the holy fire, then went home to light the fire in the fireplace. [3] On Easter Monday the whole population gathered in the main square, and they remained there the whole day eating, drinking and singing. Easter Monday is the day after Easter Sunday and is celebrated as a Holiday in some largely Christian cultures especially Roman Catholic Single girls had to stay at home, but they were allowed to stay in the entrance, where they sang and played with swings. [3]

On May 1, at dawn, all the girls of the island, in groups, each one carrying a jar, went to get water out of town, but they were not allowed to speak a single word during the route. This water (Amilito Neró, "water of silence") was supposed to bring good luck to the family. Everyone washed him/herself with it in that day, and every utensil and wall of the house was splashed with it. When a girl became engaged, she filled a crystal carafe with it and brought it to the future mother-in-law, who gave her in return a special cake and an odd number of gold coins. A decanter is a vessel supplied with a stopper that is used to hold the Decantation of a liquid (such as Wine) which may contain Sediment. [3]

When a child fell seriously ill, a sorceress was invited to her/his home. Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers She drew cross signs on the body of the child with a thurible filled with embers and branches of olive tree which had been gathered in the church on Palm Sunday, pronouncing the following words: "Christ came: then he laid down his stick and chased away the snake and the bad neighbour from our home". A thurible is a metal Censer suspended from chains in which Incense is burned during Worship services The Olive ( Olea europaea) is a Species of small Tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Palm Sunday is a Christian Moveable feast which always falls on the Sunday before Easter. After this exorcism, the sorceress threw the content of the thurible in a bucket filled with water, and then counted the pieces of wood which did not burn. Exorcism (from Late Latin exorcismus, from Greek exorkizein - to adjure is the practice of evicting Demons or other evil Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs This number was said to be equal to the number of persons who were supposed to have enchanted the sick child. The enchantment of the child was sure, if the olive leaves burned with a loud crackling. [3] When a man was going to emigrate, gentle wishful songs were sung to him by his fellows. [3]

Sister Cities

References

  1. ^ Basic Characteristics. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Ministry of the Interior. www. ypes. gr. Retrieved on 2007-08-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Bertarelli, 131
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Bertarelli, 133
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Bertarelli, 132
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Bertarelli, 134

Sources

External links

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