| ?Karnataka India |
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| Coordinates: | |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area | 191,791 km² (74,051 sq mi)[1] |
| Capital | Bangalore |
| Largest city | Bangalore |
| District(s) | 29 |
| Population • Density |
52,850,562[2] (9th) • 275. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here Surface areas between 100000 km² and 1000000 km² Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Indian state Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. A district is an administrative division of a state in India India is divided into twenty-eight states and seven Union territories (UT In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the States of India in order of population 6 /km² (714 /sq mi) |
| Language(s) | Kannada |
| Governor | Rameshwar Thakur |
| Chief Minister | B. S. Yeddyurappa from 2008-05-30[3]. The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state Shri Rameshwar Thakur (born 28 July 1927 in Village Thakur Gangti Godda District, Jharkhand) a senior Indian National Congress List of Chief Ministers President's Rule in the State 19031971 to 20 Bokanakere Siddalingappa Yeddyurappa, (ಬೋಕನಕೆರೆ ಸಿದ್ಧಲಿಂಗಪ್ಪ ಯಡಿಯೂರಪ್ಪ) (born February 27 1943 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following |
| Established | 1956-11-01 |
| Legislature (seats) | Bicameral (224 + 75) |
| ISO abbreviation | IN-KA |
| Website: karunadu.gov.in/ | |
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Coordinates: Karnataka (Kannada: ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ, pronounced [kəɾˈnɑːʈəkɑː] ) is a state in the southern part of India. The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ISO 3166-2IN is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to India. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It was created on November 1, 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act. The Unification of Karnataka refers to the formation of the Indian state of Karnataka, then called as Mysore State, in 1956 when several Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973. The Kingdom of Mysore was one of the three largest Princely states within the erstwhile British Empire of India.
Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; The state covers an area of 191,791 km² (74,051 sq mi) or 5. 83% of the total geographical area of India. It is the eighth largest Indian state by area, the ninth largest by population and comprises 29 districts. RankIn mapStateArea (km²122 Rajasthan 342236214 This is a list of the States of India in order of population A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. Kannada is the official and most widely spoken language. Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state
Though several etymologies have been suggested for the name Karnataka, the generally accepted one is that Karnataka is derived from the Kannada words karu and nādu, meaning elevated land. Karnataka is an Indian state Several etymologies have been suggested for the name Karnataka Karu nadu may also be read as Karu (black) and nadu (region), as a reference to the black cotton soil found in the Bayaluseeme region of Karnataka. In both the FAO and USA soil taxonomy, a vertisol is a soil in which there is a high content of Expansive clay known as Montmorillonite Bayaluseeme ( Kannada ಬಯಲುಸೀಮೆ is the area lying to the east of Malnad, a region of Karnataka state in South India, or east of The British used the word Carnatic (sometimes Karnatak) to describe both sides of peninsular India, south of the Krishna River. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British This article is about an Indian river For other meanings of this river names see Krishna (disambiguation and Krishnaveni. [4]
With an antiquity that dates to the paleolithic, Karnataka has also been home to some of the most powerful empires of ancient India. The term Paleolithic (or Palaeolithic) (from Greek παλαιός palaios, " Old " and λίθος Lithos, "stone" The political history of medieval Karnataka spans the 4th to the 16th centuries when the empires that evolved in the Karnataka region of India made a The philosophers and musical bards patronised by these empires launched socio-religious and literary movements which have endured to the present day. Karnataka has contributed significantly to both forms of Indian classical music, the Carnatic(Karnataka Music) and Hindustani traditions. Carnatic music (also spelled Karnatak music or Karnatik music, and originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta or Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India Hindustani Classical Music ( Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत Urdu: ہندوستانی شاستریے سنگیت Writers in the Kannada language have received the most number of Jnanpith awards in India. The Jnanpith Award is a literary award in India. Along with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, it is one of the two most prestigious literary honours in the country Bangalore is the capital city of the state and is at the forefront of the rapid economic and technological development that India is experiencing. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka.
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History
The history of Karnataka can be traced back to a paleolithic hand-axe culture evidenced by discoveries of, among other things, hand axes and cleavers in the region. The recorded history of Karnataka goes back more than two millennia The political history of medieval Karnataka spans the 4th to the 16th centuries when the empires that evolved in the Karnataka region of India made a Karnataka is an Indian state Several etymologies have been suggested for the name Karnataka The Hoysala Empire ( Kannada: ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ( pronunciation: in Kannada was a prominent South Indian Kannadiga WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Belur ( Kannada:ಬೇಲೂರು is a Panchayat town in Hassan district in the The term Paleolithic (or Palaeolithic) (from Greek παλαιός palaios, " Old " and λίθος Lithos, "stone" Evidence of neolithic and megalithic cultures have also been found in the state. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos Gold discovered in Harappa was found to be imported from mines in Karnataka, prompting scholars to hypothesize about contacts between ancient Karnataka and the Indus Valley Civilization in 3000 BCE. Harappa ( Urdu:, Hindi: हड़प्पा) is a City in Punjab, northeast Pakistan, about 35km (22 miles southwest The Indus Valley Civilization (Mature period 2600&ndash1900 BCE abbreviated IVC, was an ancient Civilization that flourished in the Indus River basin [5][6] Prior to the third century BCE, most of Karnataka was part of the Nanda Empire before coming under the Mauryan empire of Emperor Ashoka. The Nanda dynasty ruled Magadha during the 5th and 4th centuries BC. The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi Four centuries of Satavahana rule followed, allowing them to control large areas of Karnataka. The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( The decline of Satavahana power led to the rise of the earliest native kingdoms, the Kadambas and the Western Gangas, marking the region's emergence as an independent political entity. The Kadamba Dynasty ( Kannada:ಕದಂಬರು (345 - 525 CE was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present The Western Ganga Dynasty (350 – 1000 CE ( Kannada:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗಂಗ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ was an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka The Kadamba Dynasty, founded by Mayurasharma, had its capital at Banavasi;[7][8] the Western Ganga Dynasty was formed with Talakad as its capital. The Kadamba Dynasty ( Kannada:ಕದಂಬರು (345 - 525 CE was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present Mayurasharma (ಮಯೂರಶರ್ಮ (or Mayurasharman Mayuravarma (345 - 365 C WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District The Western Ganga Dynasty (350 – 1000 CE ( Kannada:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗಂಗ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ was an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka Talakad (also known as Talakadu) ( Kannada:ತಲಕಾಡು is a town on the left bank of the Kaveri river at a spot where the river makes a sharp [9][10]
These were also the first kingdoms to use Kannada in administration, as evidenced by the Halmidi inscription and a fifth-century copper coin discovered at Banavasi. Hampi ( Kannada: ಹಂಪೆ is a village in northern Karnataka state India. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state The Halmidi inscription is the oldest known Kannada language inscription in the Kannada script, dating to the 5th or 6th century A [11][12] These dynasties were followed by imperial Kannada empires such as the Badami Chalukyas,[13][14] the Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta[15][16] and the Western Chalukya Empire,[17][18] which ruled over large parts of the Deccan and had their capitals in what is now Karnataka. The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central The Rashtrakuta Dynasty ( Sanskrit: राष्ट्रकूट rāṣṭrakūṭa, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ was a royal The Western Chalukya Empire ( Kannada: ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South The Western Chalukyas patronised a unique style of architecture and Kannada literature which became a precursor to the Hoysala art of 12th century. Western Chalukya architecture (ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ also known as Kalyani Chalukya or Later Chalukya architecture [19][20]
At the turn of the first millennium, the Hoysalas gained power in the region. The Hoysala Empire ( Kannada: ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ( pronunciation: in Kannada was a prominent South Indian Kannadiga Literature flourished during this time, which led to the distinctive Kannada literary metres and the construction of temples and sculptures adhering to the Vesara style of architecture. The Hoysala Empire (1025&ndash1343 in what is now southern India produced a large body of literature in the Kannada and Sanskrit languages Meter or metre is a concept related to an underlying division of time characteristic of western music Hoysala architecture (ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ is the building style developed under the rule of the Hoysala Empire, in the region known today [21][22][23][24] The expansion of the Hoysala Empire brought parts of modern Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu under its rule. Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. In the early 14th century, Harihara and Bukka Raya established the Vijayanagara empire with its capital, Hosapattana (later named Vijayanagara), on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in the modern Bellary district. Harihara is a the name of a combined deity form of both Vishnu ( Hari) and Shiva ( Hara) from the Hindu tradition Bukka ಬುಕ್ಕ್ (1356-1377 CE(also known as Bukka Raya I was an Emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty. The Vijayanagara Empire ( Kannada: ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ Telugu: విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము was a South Vijayanagara (ವಿಜಯನಗರ is in Bellary District, northern Karnataka. The empire rose as a bulwark against Muslim advances into South India, which it completely controlled for over two centuries. [25][26]
In 1565, Karnataka and the rest of South India experienced a major geopolitical shift when the Vijayanagara Empire fell to a confederation of Islamic sultanates in the Battle of Talikota. The Battle of Talikota Kannada ತಾಳಿಕೋಟೆ(or Tellikota) ( January 26, 1565) a watershed battle fought between the Vijayanagara [27] The Bijapur Sultanate, which had risen after the demise of the Bahmani Sultanate of Bidar, soon took control of the Deccan; it was defeated by the Moghuls in the late 17th century. The Adil Shahi or Adilshahi dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur in the Western area of the Deccan region of Southern India from 1490 The Bahmani Sultanate (Also called the Bahmanid Empire was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most [28][29] The Bahamani and Bijapur rulers encouraged Urdu and Persian literature and Indo-Saracenic architecture, the Gol Gumbaz being one of the high points of this style. Indo-Saracenic (from Saracen, an archaic name for Muslims used by the British also known as Indo-Gothic, was a style of Architecture used by British [30]
In the period that followed, parts of northern Karnataka were ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad, the British, and other powers. The Anglo-Mysore Wars were a series of wars fought in India over the last three decades of the eighteenth-century between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Nizam ( Urdu: نظام) a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk ( Urdu: نظامالملک) meaning Administrator of the Realm, was For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British In the south, the Mysore Kingdom, former vassals of the Vijayanagara Empire, was briefly independent. The Kingdom of Mysore/State of Mysore (ಮೈಸೂರು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ was both a Kingdom (1399-1799 CE and a Princely state (1799-1947 A vassal (also called feodary or fedary) in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of Medieval Europe, [31] With the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II, Haidar Ali, the commander-in-chief of the Mysore army, gained control of the region. Krishna Raja Wodeyar II,( Kannada: ಇಮ್ಮಡಿ ಕೃಷ್ಣರಾಜ ಒಡೆಯರ್ was also known popularly as Immadi Krishna Raja Wadeyar. Hyder Ali or Haidar 'Ali (c 1722 - 1782 was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. After his death, the kingdom was inherited by his son Tippu Sultan. [32] To contain European expansion in South India, Haidar Ali and later Tippu Sultan fought four significant Anglo-Mysore Wars, the last of which resulted in Tippu Sultan's death and the incorporation of Mysore into the British Raj in 1799. The Anglo-Mysore Wars were a series of wars fought in India over the last three decades of the eighteenth-century between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British [33] The Kingdom of Mysore was restored to the Wodeyars and Mysore remained a princely state under the British Raj.
As the "doctrine of lapse" gave way to dissent and resistance from princely states across the country, Kittur Chennamma, Sangolli Rayanna and others spearheaded rebellions in Karnataka in 1830, nearly three decades before the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The Doctrine of Lapse was an Annexation policy devised by Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General of India between 1848 and Kitturu Rani Chennamma ( Kannada: ಕಿತ್ತೂರು ರಾಣಿ ಚೆನ್ನಮ್ಮ)(1778 - 1829 was the queen of the princely state Kittur Sangolli Rayanna ( Kannada ಸಂಗೊಳ್ಳಿ ರಾಯಣ್ಣ)(B 15-Aug-1798 D 26-Jan-1831 was a prominent Freedom fighter from Karnataka, The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut, Other uprisings followed, such as the ones at Supa, Bagalkot, Shorapur, Nargund and Dandeli. Joida is small town in Western ghats of Karnataka state of India. Bagalkot (ಬಾಗಲಕೋಟೆ in Kannada) is a town in the Indian state of Karnataka. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Shorapur is a town in Gulbarga district in the Indian state of Karnataka. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nargund is a town in Gadag district in the Indian state of Karnataka. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dandeli can be recognised as a national integrated city since it boasts of people from all over India These rebellions which coincided with the 1857 war of independence were led by Mundargi Bhimarao, Bhaskar Rao Bhave, the Halagali Bedas, Venkatappa Nayaka and others. By the late 19th century, the freedom movement had gained momentum; Karnad Sadashiva Rao, Aluru Venkata Raya, S. Nijalingappa, Kengal Hanumanthaiah, Nittoor Srinivasa Rau and others carried on the struggle into the early 20th century. Karnad Sadashiv Rao ( Kannada:ಕಾರ್ನಾಡ್ ಸದಾಶಿವರಾವ್ ( 1881 - January 9, 1937) was an Indian Aluru Venkata Rao (ಆಲೂರು ವೆಂಕಟರಾವ್ (12th July 1880 - 25th Feb 1964 was one of the most eminent leaders of the ''Karnataka Ekikarana'' movement Siddavanahalli Nijalingappa ( Kannada: ಸಿದ್ಧವನಹಳ್ಳಿ ನಿಜಲಿಂಗಪ್ಪ) ( December 10, 1902 - August 2000 was a Kengal Hanumanthaiah ( Kannada:ಕೆಂಗಲ್ ಹನುಮಂತಯ್ಯ) was the chief minister of the old Mysore State ( Karnataka) in Nittoor Srinivasa Rau (ನೆಟ್ಟೂರು ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ ರಾವ್ ( 24 August 1903 – 12 August 2004) He was also chosen [34]
After India's independence, the Maharaja, Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar, allowed his kingdom's accession to India. Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur ( July 18, 1919 &ndash September 23, 1974) was the 25th and the last Maharaja of the Princely In 1950, Mysore became an Indian state of the same name; the former Maharaja served as its Rajpramukh (head of state) until 1975. Following the long-standing demand of the Ekikarana Movement, Kodagu and Kannada speaking regions from the adjoining states of Madras, Hyderabad and Bombay were incorporated into the Mysore state, under the States Reorganization Act of 1956. The Unification of Karnataka refers to the formation of the Indian state of Karnataka, then called as Mysore State, in 1956 when several The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. The thus expanded state was renamed Karnataka, seventeen years later, in 1973. [35]
Geography
The state has three principal geographical zones: the coastal region of Karavali, the hilly Malnad region comprising the Western Ghats and the Bayaluseeme region comprising the plains of the Deccan plateau. The Indian State of Karnataka is located within 115 degree North and 18 The state of Karnataka in India has a bittersweet relationship with rains Jog Falls ( Kannada -ಜೋಗ ಜಲಪಾತ) created by the Sharavathi River falling from a height of 253 meters (829 ft is the highest plunge waterfall Sharavathi ( Kannada: ಶರಾವತಿ is a River which originates and flows entirely within the Karnataka state of India. Karavali ( Tulu ಕರಾವಳಿ) is the geographical area covered by sea-coast of Karnataka. Malnad ( Kannada: ಮಲೆನಾಡು (an English word for Malenadu in Kannada, male means 'hill' and nadu means 'land' is a region The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്വ്വതം Bayaluseeme ( Kannada ಬಯಲುಸೀಮೆ is the area lying to the east of Malnad, a region of Karnataka state in South India, or east of The bulk of the state is in the Bayaluseeme region, the northern part of which is the second largest arid region in India. In general terms the Climate of a local or region is said to be arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available Water, to the extent of hindering India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [36] The highest point in Karnataka is the Mullayanagiri hills in Chikkamagaluru district which has an altitude of 1,929 metres (6,329 ft). Mullayanagiri ( Kannada: ಮುಳ್ಳಯ್ಯನಗಿರಿ) (also spelt Mullayangiri or Mullainagiri) is the highest peak in Karnataka Chikkamagaluru (ಚಿಕ್ಕಮಗಳೂರು is a district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Some of the important rivers in Karnataka are the Kaveri, the Tungabhadra, the Krishna and the Sharavathi. The Kaveri River ( Kannada: ಕಾವೇರಿ ನದಿ Tamil: காவிரி ஆறு also spelled Cauvery in English The Tungabhadra River is a sacred river in Southern India that flows through the states of Karnataka and part of Andhra Pradesh to merge with the larger This article is about an Indian river For other meanings of this river names see Krishna (disambiguation and Krishnaveni. Sharavathi ( Kannada: ಶರಾವತಿ is a River which originates and flows entirely within the Karnataka state of India.
Karnataka consists of four main types of geological formations[37] — the Archean complex made up of Dharwad schists and granitic gneisses, the Proterozoic non-fossiliferous sedimentary formations of the Kaladgi and Bhima series, the Deccan trappean and intertrappean deposits and the tertiary and recent laterites and alluvial deposits. Dharwad, also known as Dharwar, ( Kannada:ಧಾರವಾಡ is a city in India's Karnataka state The schists form a group of medium-grade Metamorphic rocks chiefly notable for the preponderance of lamellar Minerals such as Micas chlorite Gneiss (ˈnaɪs is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally The Proterozoic (ˌproʊtərəˈzoʊɪk is a geological eon representing a period before the first abundant complex life on Earth. Laterite (from the Latin word "later" meaning brick or tile is a surface formation in hot and wet tropical areas which is enriched in Iron and Aluminium Significantly, about 60% of the state is comprised of the Archean complex which consist of gneisses, granites and charnockite rocks. Laterite cappings that are found in many districts over the Deccan Traps were formed after the cessation of volcanic activity in the early tertiary period. The Deccan Traps are a Large igneous province located on the Deccan Plateau of west-central India (between 17-24N 73-74E and one of the largest Volcanic Eleven groups of soil orders are found in Karnataka, viz. Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Spodosols, Alfisols, Ultisols, Oxisols, Aridisols, Vertisols, Andisols and Histosols. In USA soil taxonomy, Entisols are defined as soils that do not show any profile development Inceptisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy. They form quickly through alteration of parent material Mollisols are a soil order in USA soil taxonomy. Mollisols form in semi-arid to semi-humid areas typically under a Grassland cover In Soil science, Podsol (also spelled Podzol, or known as Spodosol) are the typical Soils of Coniferous, or Boreal forests Alfisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy. Alfisols form in semiarid to humid areas typically under a Hardwood forest cover Ultisols are an order in USDA soil taxonomy. They are defined as mineral soils which contain no Calcareous material anywhere within the soil, have Oxisols are an order in USDA soil taxonomy, best known for their occurrence in Tropical Rain forest, 15-25 degrees north and south of the Equator Aridisols (or desert soils) are a soil order in USA soil taxonomy. In both the FAO and USA soil taxonomy, a vertisol is a soil in which there is a high content of Expansive clay known as Montmorillonite In USA soil taxonomy, Andisols are Soils formed in Volcanic ash and defined as soils containing high proportions of glass and amorphous colloidal materials In both the FAO soil classification and the USA soil taxonomy, a histosol is a Soil comprised primarily of Organic materials They are defined [37] Depending on the agricultural capability of the soil, the soil types are divided into six types, viz. Red, lateritic, black, alluvio-colluvial, forest and coastal soils. Laterite (from the Latin word "later" meaning brick or tile is a surface formation in hot and wet tropical areas which is enriched in Iron and Aluminium Chernozem (чернозём black soil) also known as "black land" or "black earth" is a black-coloured Soil containing a very high percentage
Karnataka experiences four seasons. The winter in January and February is followed by summer between March and May, the monsoon season between June and September and the post-monsoon season from October till December. Meteorologically, Karnataka is divided into three zones — coastal, north interior and south interior. Meteorology (from Greek grc μετέωρος metéōros, "high in the sky" and grc -λογία -logia) is the Interdisciplinary Of these, the coastal zone receives the heaviest rainfall with an average rainfall of about 3,638. 5 mm (143 in) per annum, far in excess of the state average of 1,139 mm (45 in). The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. Agumbe in the Shivamogga district receives the second highest annual rainfall in India. Agumbe (ಆಗುಂಬೆ is a village located in the Shimoga district in the state of Karnataka, India. Shivamogga District ( Kannada: ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗ is a district in the Karnataka state of India. [38] The highest recorded temperature was 45. 6 °C (114 °F) at Raichur and the lowest recorded temperature was 2. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Raichur (ರಾಯಚೂರು origin of name Rayachooru in Kannada is a town and a city municipal council 8 °C (37 °F) at Bidar. --> Bidar ( Kannada ಬೀದರ್) is a city and taluka in Karnataka state India.
About 38,724 km² (14,951 sq mi) of Karnataka (i. e. 20% of the state's geographic area) is covered by forests. The forests are classified as reserved, protected, unclosed, village and private forests. The percentage of forested area is slightly less than the all-India average of about 23%, and significantly less than the 33% prescribed in the National Forest Policy. [39]
Sub-divisions
There are 29 districts in Karnataka—Bagalkote, Bangalore Rural, Bangalore Urban, Belgaum, Bellary, Bidar, Bijapur, Chamarajanagar, Chikkaballapur,[40] Chikkamagaluru, Chitradurga, Dakshina Kannada, Davanagere, Dharwad, Gadag, Gulbarga, Hassan, Haveri, Kodagu, Kolar, Koppal, Mandya, Mysore, Raichur, Ramanagara,[40] Shimoga, Tumkur, Udupi and Uttara Kannada. Karnataka state comprises 29 districts grouped into four divisions Bāgalkot district (ಬಾಗಲಕೋಟೆ in Kannada) pronounced /'bɑgələkoʊteɪ/ sometimes spelled as Bāgalkote is an administrative District Bangalore Rural District is one of the 27 districts in Karnataka. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. The Belgaum district is a district in the state of Karnataka, India. Bellary ( Kannada: ಬಳ್ಳಾರಿ ˈbəɭɭari is a district in Karnataka state India. Bidar (ಬೀದರ್ is a district of Karnataka state in southern India. Bijapur (ವಿಜಾಪುರ is a district in the state of Karnataka in southern India. Chamarajanagara ಚಾಮರಾಜನಗರ is the southern-most district in the state of Karnataka, India. Chikkaballapur district is a newly created district in the state of Karnataka, India Chikkamagaluru (ಚಿಕ್ಕಮಗಳೂರು is a district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Chitradurga district (ಚಿತ್ರದುರ್ಗ in Kannada) is an administrative district of Karnataka state in southern India. Dakshina Kannada ( Kannada & Tulu:ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ (earlier known as South Kanara, or South Canara) is a coastal Devanagere District, also known as Devangere District, is an administrative district of Karnataka state in southern India. Location The Dharwad district is adjacent to Uttara Kannada district in west Belgaum and Bijapur in north Gadag in east and Haveri in south Gadag District ( Kannada ಗದಗ had a population of 971835 of which 35 Gulbarga District ( Kannada ಕಲಬುರ್ಗಿ(ಗುಲ್ಬರ್ಗ ( Urdu گلبرگہ) is situated between 76° Hassan (ಹಾಸನ is a district in Karnataka state India The district capital is Hassan India city Haveri is a district in the state of Karnataka, India. Demography It had a population of 1439116 of which 20 Kodagu ( Kannada:ಕೊಡಗು is a district of Karnataka State in Southern India. Kolar ಕೋಲಾರ is a district in Karnataka state of India. Koppal district ( Kannada ಕೊಪ್ಪಳ is an administrative District in the state of Karnataka in India. Mandya District ( Kannada ಮಂಡ್ಯ) is an administrative District located in Karnataka, India. Mysore District ( Kannada: ಮೈಸೂರು ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ is an administrative District located in the southern part of the state of Karnataka, Raichur District ( Kannada:ರಾಯಚೂರ್ is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Ramanagara (known as Closepet after Sir Barry Close (1756–1813 in pre-Independence times and retained in Geology) is a town and a city municipal council in the Shivamogga District ( Kannada: ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗ is a district in the Karnataka state of India. Tumkur ( Kannada: ತುಮಕೂರು is an administrative District in the state of Karnataka Udupi District ( Tulu:ಉಡುಪಿ) in the Karnataka state of India was created in August 1997 Uttara Kannada ( Kannada ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ) is a district in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Each district is governed by a district commissioner or district magistrate. The districts are further divided into sub-divisions, which are governed by sub-divisional magistrates; sub-divisions comprise blocks containing panchayats (village councils) and town municipalities.
As per the 2001 census, Karnataka's six largest cities sorted in order of decreasing population were, Bangalore, Hubli-Dharwad, Mysore, Gulbarga, Belgaum and Mangalore. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Hubballi (formerly Hubli Kannada - ಹುಬ್ಬಳ್ಳಿis a city in the state of Karnataka in India. Dharwad, also known as Dharwar, ( Kannada:ಧಾರವಾಡ is a city in India's Karnataka state Mysore (maɪˈsɔɚ in English; renamed to Mysuru|ಮೈಸೂರು) (ಮೈಸೂರು is the second largest city in the state of Karnataka, India Kalburgi (formerly Gulbarga; Kannada:ಕಲಬುರ್ಗಿ is a town in the Indian state of Karnataka. Belgaum ( Mangalore ( Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್ Bangalore is the only city with a population of more than one million. Bangalore Urban, Belgaum and Gulbarga are the most populous districts, each of them having a population of more than three million. Bangalore Urban is a District of the Indian state of Karnataka. The Belgaum district is a district in the state of Karnataka, India. Gulbarga District ( Kannada ಕಲಬುರ್ಗಿ(ಗುಲ್ಬರ್ಗ ( Urdu گلبرگہ) is situated between 76° Gadag, Chamarajanagar and Kodagu districts have a population of less than one million. Gadag District ( Kannada ಗದಗ had a population of 971835 of which 35 Chamarajanagara ಚಾಮರಾಜನಗರ is the southern-most district in the state of Karnataka, India. Kodagu ( Kannada:ಕೊಡಗು is a district of Karnataka State in Southern India. [41]
Demographics
According to the 2001 census of India, the total population of Karnataka is 52,850,562, of which 26,898,918 (50. Karnataka having a total population of 52850562 is one of the major states in South India. 89%) are male and 25,951,644 (49. 11%) are female, or 1000 males for every 964 females. This represents a 17. 25% increase over the population in 1991. The population density is 275. 6 per km² and 33. 98% of the people live in urban areas. The literacy rate is 66. 6% with 76. 1% of males and 56. 9% of females being literate. [2] 83% of the population are Hindu, 11% are Muslim, 4% are Christian, 0. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 78% are Jains, 0. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. 73% are Buddhist, and with the remainder belonging to other religions. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices [42]
Kannada is the official language of Karnataka and spoken as a native language by about 64. Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state 75% of the people. Other linguistic minorities in the state as of 1991 are Urdu (9. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised 72%), Telugu (8. 34%), Marathi (3. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. 95%), Tamil (3. Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. 82%), Tulu (3. 38%), Hindi (1. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is 87%), Konkani (1. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST 78%), Malayalam (1. Not to be confused with the Malay language. Malayalam (മലയാളം malayāḷaṁ) is a Dravidian language used 69%) and Kodava Takk (0. Kodava Takk or Kodava takka, ( Kannada script: ಕೊಡವ ತಕ್ is the original language of the south Karnataka district of Kodagu. 25%). [43] The state has a birth rate of 2. 2%, a death rate of 0. 72%, an infant mortality rate of 5. 5% and a maternal mortality rate of 0. 195%. The total fertility rate is 2. The total fertility rate ( TFR, sometimes also called the fertility rate, period total fertility rate (PTFR or total 2. [44]
In the field of super-specialty health care, Karnataka's private sector competes with the best in the world. [45] Karnataka has also established a modicum of public health services having a better record of health care and child care than most other states of India. In spite of these advances, some parts of the state still leave much to be desired when it comes to primary health care. [46]
Government and administration
Karnataka, like other Indian states, has a parliamentary system of government with two democratically elected state legislatures, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Government of Karnataka is a democratically elected body with the Governor as the constitutional head The Unification of Karnataka refers to the formation of the Indian state of Karnataka, then called as Mysore State, in 1956 when several Karnataka has about 175 Taluks The table below lists all the Taluks in Karnataka state of India, district wise The Vidhana Soudha, located in Bangalore (Bengaluru is the seat of the state legislature of Karnataka. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a Legislature, or to one of its chambers. India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which The Legislative Assembly consists of 224 members who are elected for five-year terms. [47] The Legislative Council is a permanent body which consists of 75 members with one-third of its members retiring every two years. [47]
The government of Karnataka is headed by the Chief Minister who is chosen by the ruling party members of the Legislative Assembly. The Government of Karnataka is a democratically elected body with the Governor as the constitutional head List of Chief Ministers President's Rule in the State 19031971 to 20 A Member of the Legislative Assembly, or MLA, is a representative elected by the voters of an Electoral district to the Legislature or Legislative Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a Legislature, or to one of its chambers. The Chief Minister along with the council of ministers, drives the legislative agenda and exercises most of the executive powers. [48] However, the constitutional and formal head of the state is the Governor who is appointed for a five year term by the President of India on the advice of the union government. The Governors and Lieutenant-Governors of the States and territories of India have similar powers and functions at the state level as that of the President of The President of India or Rashtrapati ( Hindi: राष्ट्रपति a Sanskrit Neologism, lit [49] The citizens of Karnataka also elect 28 members to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India [50] The members in the state assembly elect 12 members to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. The Rajya Sabha (meaning the "Council of States" is the Upper house of the Parliament of India.
For administrative purposes, Karnataka has been divided into four revenue divisions, 49 sub-divisions, 29 districts, 175 taluks and 745 hoblies/revenue circles. A tehsil ( Urdu: تحصیل) (or tahsil, tahasil, taluka, taluk, taluq, mandal) is an Administrative division [51] The administration in each district is headed by a Deputy Commissioner who belongs to the Indian Administrative Service and is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Karnataka state services. The Deputy Commissioner (DC or District Magistrate (DM or District Collector is the head of the revenue administration of an Indian district The Indian Administrative Service ( IAS) is the administrative Civil service of the Indian government. The Deputy Commissioner of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service and assisted by the officers of the Karnataka Police Service, is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues in each district. A Superintendent of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police or Deputy Commissioner of Police is an officer belonging to the elite Indian Police Service Indian police redirects here For other uses see Indian police (disambiguation. The Deputy Conservator of Forests, an officer belonging to the Indian Forest Service, also serves the government. A Deputy Conservator of Forests or equivalently a Divisional Forest Officer is an officer belonging to the elite Indian Forest Service. The Indian Forest Service ( IFS) is the Forestry service of India. Sectoral development in the districts is looked after by the district head of each development department such as Public Works Department, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, etc. The judiciary in the state consists of the Karnataka High Court (Attara Kacheri) in Bangalore, district and session courts in each district and lower courts and judges at the taluk level. The Karnataka High Court is the High Court of the Indian state of Karnataka. The District Courts of India are presided over by a Judge. They administer justice in India at a district level A tehsil ( Urdu: تحصیل) (or tahsil, tahasil, taluka, taluk, taluq, mandal) is an Administrative division
Politics in Karnataka has been dominated by three political parties, the Indian National Congress, the Janata Dal (Secular) and the Bharatiya Janata Party. Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. The Janata Dal (Secular is a left of centre Indian Political party led by former Prime Minister of India H The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political [52] Politicians from Karnataka have played prominent roles in federal government of India with some of them having held the high positions of Prime Minister and Vice President. The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive Border disputes involving Karnataka's claim on the Kasaragod[53] and Sholapur[54] districts and Maharashtra's claim on Belgaum are ongoing since the states reorganisation. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> For the district with the same name see Kasaragod district. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Solapur is a city and a Municipal corporation in south eastern Maharashtra, India Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. The Belgaum border dispute is a dispute involving the Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. [55] The official emblem of Karnataka has a Ganda Berunda in the centre. The Gandaberunda (also known as the Berunda is a two headed mythological bird of Hindu mythology thought to possess magical strength Surmounting this are four lions facing the four directions, taken from the Lion Capital of Asoka at Sarnath. The Lion capital of Ashoka is a sculpture of four " Indian lions quot standing back to back This article is about a place in India For H P Lovecraft 's fictitious city see The Doom That Came to Sarnath. The emblem also carries two Sharabhas with the head of an elephant and the body of a lion. In Hindu belief god Shiva took the form of a Sharaba, which is part- Lion, part- Human and part- Bird. Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea. The lion ( Panthera leo) is a member of the family Felidae and one of four Big cats in the Genus Panthera.
Economy
Karnataka, which had a GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) of about Rs. Karnataka is one of the high economic growth states in India with GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product growth of 9 The software industry in Karnataka state in India has become one of the main pillars of economy The state of Karnataka, particularly the region comprising the coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi is called as the cradle of banking in India 1940. 09 billion ($ 46. 19 billion) in the 2006-2007 fiscal year, is one of the more economically progressive states in India. [56]
The state registered a GSDP growth rate of 9. 2% for the year 2006-2007. [57] Karnataka's contribution to India's GDP in the year 2004-05 was 5. 2%. [58] Karnataka was the fastest growing state over the past decade in terms of GDP and per capita GDP. With GDP growth of 56. 2% and per capita GDP growth of 43. 9%, Karnataka now has the sixth highest per-capita GDP of all states. [59] Till September 2006 Karnataka received a Foreign Direct Investment of Rs. Foreign direct investment ( FDI) in its classic definition is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country 78. 097 billion ($ 1. 7255 billion) for the fiscal year 2006-07, placing it third among the states of India. [60] At the end of 2004, the unemployment rate in Karnataka was 4. 94% compared to the national rate of 5. 99%. [61] For the fiscal year 2006-07, the inflation rate in Karnataka was 4. 4%, compared to the national average of 4. 7%. [62] As of 2004-05, Karnataka had an estimated poverty ratio of 17%, less than the national ratio of 27. 5%. [63]
Nearly 56% of the workforce in Karnataka is engaged in agriculture and related activities. [64] A total of 12. 31 million hectares of land, or 64. 6% of the state's total area, is cultivated. [65] Much of the agricultural output is dependent on the southwest monsoon as only 26. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months 5% of the sown area is irrigated. [65]
Karnataka is the manufacturing hub for some of the largest public sector industries in India, including Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, National Aerospace Laboratories, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Indian Telephone Industries, Bharat Earth Movers Limited and Hindustan Machine Tools, which are based in Bangalore. The public sector is the part of economic and administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the Government, whether national Regional Hindustan Aeronautics Limited ( HAL) based in Bangalore, India, is one of Asia 's largest Aerospace companies For the Japanese aerospace firm see National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited ( BHEL) is the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India in the energy-related and infrastructure sector Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML is an Indian Public Sector Undertaking, with headquarters in Bangalore. Hindustan Machine Tools was incorporated in 1953 by the Government of India as a machine tool manufacturing company Many of India's premier science and technology research centers, such as Indian Space Research Organization, Central Power Research Institute ,Bharat Electronics Limited and the Central Food Technological Research Institute, are also headquartered in Karnataka. Central Power Research Institute popularly known as CPRI is a premier research institute engaged in field of electric power in India Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL is an electronics company with about nine factories and few regional offices in India. India 's Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI is based in Mysore and was opened on 21 October, 1950. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited is an oil refinery located in Mangalore. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL located at Katipalla, north from centre of Mangalore city is a State-of-the-art Grassroot Refinery An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline
Since the 1980s, Karnataka has emerged as the pan-Indian leader in the field of IT (information technology). Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support As of 2007, there were nearly 2,000 firms operating out of Karnataka. Many of them, including two of India's biggest software firms, Infosys and Wipro are also headquartered in the state. Infosys Technologies Limited () is a multinational Information technology services company headquartered in Bengaluru, India. Wipro Technologies ( is an Information technology service company established in India in 1980 [66] Exports from these firms exceeded Rs. 50,000 crores ($12. 5 billion) in 2006-07, accounting for nearly 38% of all IT exports from India. [66] All this has earned the state capital, Bangalore, the sobriquet Silicon Valley of India. The Silicon Valley of India is a Nickname of the Indian city of Bangalore. [67]
Karnataka also leads the nation in biotechnology. Biotechnology is Technology based on Biology, especially when used in Agriculture, Food science, and Medicine. It is home to India's largest biocluster, with 158 of the country's 320 biotechnology firms being based here. [68] The state also accounts for 75% of India's floriculture, an upcoming industry which supplies flowers and ornamental plants worldwide. Floriculture, or flower farming, is a discipline of Horticulture concerned with the cultivation of flowering and Ornamental plants for gardens and [69]
Seven of India's leading banks, Canara Bank, Syndicate Bank, Corporation Bank, Vijaya Bank, Karnataka Bank, Vysya Bank and the State Bank of Mysore originated in this state. History Canara Bank, established in 1906 as Canara Bank Hindu Permanent Fund in Mangalore, India, by Ammembal Subba Rao Pai History Syndicate Bank, established in 1925 in Udupi (in Karnataka, India) by Upendra Ananth Pai, Vaman Srinivas Kudva Corporation Bank, founded in 1906 in Udupi, Karnataka state, India, is one of the Indian banks in Public Sector Undertaking. History Vijaya Bank, a medium sized bank with presence across India was founded on 23rd October 1931 by the late Shri Karnataka Bank Limited a private sector bank in India was incorporated on February 18th 1924 at Mangalore, a coastal town of Dakshina Kannada district in State Bank of Mysore is one of the nationalised bank in India. [70] The coastal districts of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada have a branch for every 500 persons -- the best distribution of banks in India. Udupi ( Kannada, Tulu: ಉಡುಪಿ Odipu, Konkani - उडुपी) is a city and the headquarters of the Udupi District in Dakshina Kannada ( Kannada & Tulu:ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ (earlier known as South Kanara, or South Canara) is a coastal [71] As of March 2002, Karnataka had 4767 branches of different banks with each branch serving 11,000 persons, which is lower than the national average of 16,000. [72]
Transport
Air transport in Karnataka, as in the rest of the country, is still a fledgling but fast expanding sector. Karnataka has airports at Bengaluru (Bangalore), Mangaluru (Mangalore), Hubballi (Hubli), Belagavi (Belgaum), Hampi and Bellary with international operations from Mangaluru and Bengaluru airports. Mangalore ( Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್ Hubballi (formerly Hubli Kannada - ಹುಬ್ಬಳ್ಳಿis a city in the state of Karnataka in India. Belgaum ( Hampi ( Kannada: ಹಂಪೆ is a village in northern Karnataka state India. Bellary ( Kannada: ಬಳ್ಳಾರಿ Telugu: బళ్ళారి ˈbəɭɭari is a city in Bellary District in Karnataka state HAL Bangalore International Airport, also known as HAL Airport or Hindustan Airport, is the Airport of the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Airports at Mysuru (Mysore), Kalburgi (Gulbarga), Bijapur, Hassan and Shivamogga are expected to be operational by the end of 2007. Mysore (maɪˈsɔɚ in English; renamed to Mysuru|ಮೈಸೂರು) (ಮೈಸೂರು is the second largest city in the state of Karnataka, India Kalburgi (formerly Gulbarga; Kannada:ಕಲಬುರ್ಗಿ is a town in the Indian state of Karnataka. Bijapur (ವಿಜಾಪುರ Vijapur is a district headquarters of the Bijapur District in the state of Karnataka. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Hassan (ಹಾಸನ is a city and district headquarters of Hassan district in the Indian state Shivamogga {formerly Shimoga, Kannada:ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗ city is located in the central part of the state of Karnataka, India [73] Major airlines such as Kingfisher Airlines and Air Deccan are based in Bangalore. Kingfisher Airlines is an Airline based in Bangalore, India. It operates 218 flights a day and has a network of 38 destinations with regional and
Karnataka has a railway network with a total length of approximately 3,089 kilometres (1,919 mi). Until the creation of the South Western Zone headquartered at Hubli in 2003, the railway network in the state was in the Southern and Western railway zones. Hubballi (formerly Hubli Kannada - ಹುಬ್ಬಳ್ಳಿis a city in the state of Karnataka in India. Several parts of the state now come under the South Western Zone, with the remainder under the Southern Railways. Coastal Karnataka is covered under the Konkan railway network which was considered India's biggest railway project of the century. The Konkan Railway (Railway SymbolKR is a company of the Indian Railways which operates along the Konkan coast of India. [74] Bangalore is extensively connected with inter-state destinations while other important cities and towns in the state are not so well-connected. [75][76]
Karnataka has 11 ports, including the New Mangalore Port, a major port and ten other minor ports. Karnataka's coastline called Karavali stretches 300 km between Mangaluru in Dakshina Kannada district and Karwar in Uttara Kannada district. New Mangalore Port ( Kannada:ನವ ಮಂಗಳೂರು ಬಂದರು known by the name of New Mangalore Port Trust ( NMPT) is the only major port of Karnataka [77] The New Mangalore port was incorporated as the ninth major port in India on 4th May 1974. This port handled 32. 04 million tonnes of traffic in the fiscal year 2006-07 with 17. 92 million tonnes of imports and 14. 12 million tonnes of exports. The port also handled 1015 vessels including 18 cruise vessels during the year 2006-07. The inland water transport within the state is not well developed.
The total lengths of National Highways and state highways in Karnataka are 3,973 kilometres (2,469 mi) and 9,829 kilometres (6,107 mi), respectively. The list of National Highways in India gives a region wide listing of the Indian Highways, a class of roads maintained by the National Highways Authority of India The KSRTC, the state public transport corporation, transports an average of 2. About The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC was set up in the year 1961 with 1792 buses(Its fleet was also augmented with 800 Buses Nationalized from private 2 million passengers daily and employs about 25,000 people. [78] In the late nineties, KSRTC was split into three corporations, viz. , The Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation, The North-West Karnataka Road Transport Corporation and The North-East Karnataka Road Transport Corporation with their headquarters in Bangalore, Hubli and Gulbarga respectively. [78]
Culture
The diverse linguistic and religious ethnicities that are native to Karnataka combined with their long histories have contributed immensely to the varied cultural heritage of the state. The southern state of Karnataka, in India, has a distinct Art and Culture. Carnatic music (also spelled Karnatak music or Karnatik music, and originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta or Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India The cuisine of Karnataka comprises diverse Vegetarian and non-vegetarian cuisines Kannadiga ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ | masculine|) or Kannadati ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡತಿ | feminine|) refers to populations Yakshagana ( Kannada:ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ pronounced as yaksha-gaana) is a classical Folk art form of the state of Karnataka in India Apart from Kannadigas, Karnataka is home to Tuluvas, Kodavas and Konkanis. Kannadiga ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ | masculine|) or Kannadati ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡತಿ | feminine|) refers to populations The Tuluvas ( Tulu: ತುಳುವ are speakers of the Tulu language. The Kodava (ಕೊಡವ in Kannada script) are an ethnic group of southern India who trace their origins to the region of Kodagu, in Karnataka Konkani people form an ethnic group mainly found in the Konkan Coast of western India who speak the Konkani language natively Minor populations of Tibetan Buddhists and tribes like the Soligas, Yeravas, Todas and Siddhis also live in Karnataka. Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including A Soliga is a member of a tribe that inhabits the Biligirirangan and associated hill ranges in Southern Karnataka, mostly in Chamarajanagar District bordering The Toda people are a small Pastoral community who live on the isolated Nilgiri plateau of Southern India. The Siddhis of Karnataka ( Kannada: ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಸಿದ್ಧಿಗಳು are a tribe of African descent that has made Karnataka their home The traditional folk arts cover the entire gamut of music, dance, drama, storytelling by itinerant troupes, etc. Dances of Karnataka are one of the ancient dance forms existent in India Yakshagana of coastal Karnataka, a classical folk play, is one of the major theatrical forms of Karnataka. Yakshagana ( Kannada:ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ pronounced as yaksha-gaana) is a classical Folk art form of the state of Karnataka in India Folk plays such as Hoodening, Guising, Mumming and Soul Caking are generally verse sketches performed in countryside pubs private houses or Contemporary theatre culture in Karnataka remains vibrant with organizations like Ninasam, Ranga Shankara, Rangayana and Prabhat Kalavidaru continuing to build on the foundations laid by Gubbi Veeranna, T. P. Kailasam, B. V. Karanth, K V Subbanna, Prasanna and others. Ninasam (Kannadaನೀನಾಸಂ is a cultural organisation located in the village of Heggodu in Sagar Taluk Ranga Shankara is acknowledged as the Theatre that Arundathi Nag has built in memory of her husband Shankar Nag, the late theatre-television-film personality Rangayana (ರಂಗಾಯಣ is a Theatre institute which operates from Mysore, Karnataka, India. Prabhat Kalavidaru ( Kannada: ಪ್ರಭಾತ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರು is a Theatre group based in Bangalore, India. Gubbi Veeranna (ಗುಬ್ಬಿ ವೀರಣ್ಣ was an Indian Theatre director, one of the pioneers and most prolific contributors to Kannada Thyagaraja Paramasiva Kailasam ( Kannada: ತ್ಯಾಗರಾಜ ಪರಮಶಿವ ಕೈಲಾಸಂ) (1884 - 1946 was a Playwright and prominent Babukodi Venkataramana Karanth (ಬಾಬುಕೋಡಿ ವೆಂಕಟರಮಣ ಕಾರಂತ್ Kannada) (1928 - d Kuntagodu Vibhuthi Subbanna (1932- 16 July 2005) was an acclaimed Dramatist and Writer in Kannada. This is a list of famous and notable people from Karnataka, India. [79] Veeragase, Kamsale and Dollu Kunitha are popular dance forms. Veeragase is a dance folk form prevalent in the state of Karnataka, India. Kamsale (ಕಂಸಾಳೆ is a unique folk art performed by the devotees of God Mahadeshwara. Dollu Kunitha (dance is a major form of art occupies the pride of place among folk dances The Mysore style of Bharatanatya nurtured and popularised by the likes of the legendary Jatti Tayamma continues to hold sway in Karnataka and Bangalore also enjoys an eminent place as one of the foremost centers of Bharatanatya. The Kingdom of Mysore/State of Mysore (ಮೈಸೂರು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ was both a Kingdom (1399-1799 CE and a Princely state (1799-1947 Bharatanatyam (பரதநாட்டியம்is a classical Dance form originating in Tamil Nadu, [80]
Karnataka also has a special place in the world of Indian classical music with both Karnataka[81](Carnatic) and Hindustani styles finding place in the state and Karnataka has produced a number of stalwarts in both styles. Carnatic music (also spelled Karnatak music or Karnatik music, and originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta or Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India Hindustani Classical Music ( Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत Urdu: ہندوستانی شاستریے سنگیت This is a list of famous and notable people from Karnataka, India. While referring to music the word 'Karnataka', the original name given to the South Indian classical music[1] does not mean the state of Karnataka. The Haridasa movement of the sixteenth century contributed seminally to the development of Karnataka (Carnatic) music as a performing art form. The Haridasa ( Kannada: ಹರಿದಾಸ) devotional movement is considered as one of the turning points in the cultural history of India. Purandara Dasa, one of the most revered Haridasas, is known as the Karnataka Sangeeta Pitamaha ('Father of Karnataka a. Purandara Dāsa (1484 - 1564 (sometimes spelled as a single word ( Kannada: ಪುರಂದರ ದಾಸ was one of the most prominent composers of Carnatic The Haridasa ( Kannada: ಹರಿದಾಸ) devotional movement is considered as one of the turning points in the cultural history of India. k. a. Carnatic music'). [82] Celebrated Hindustani musicians like Gangubai Hangal, Mallikarjun Mansur, Bhimsen Joshi, Basavaraja Rajaguru, Sawai Gandharva and several others hail from Karnataka and some of them have been recipients of the Kalidas Samman, Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan awards. Gangubai Hangal (ಗಂಗೂಬಾಯಿ ಹಾನಗಲ್ (born on March 5, 1913) is one of the greats of the Hindustani classical music. Pandit Mallikarjun Mansur ( Kannada:ಮಲ್ಲಿಕಾರ್ಜುನ ಮನ್ಸೂರ್ Devanagari:मल्लिकार्जुन मन्सूर Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi (ಪಂಡಿತ ಭೀಮಸೇನ ಗುರುರಾಜ ಜೋಷಿ born February 4 1922 is a renowned Hindustani classical Vocalist Basavaraj Rajguru ( August 24, 1917 -1991 was born in Yaliwal, a village in the north Karnataka district of Dharwad. Rambhau Kundgolkar, better known as Sawai Gandharva ( 1886 – September 12, 1952) was a well known Hindustani vocalist This is a list of famous and notable people from Karnataka, India. The Kalidas Samman is a prestigious arts award presented annually in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. The Padma Bhushan award is an Indian civilian decoration established on January 2, 1954 by the President of India. The Padma Vibhushan is India 's second highest civilian honour
Gamaka is another classical music genre based on Carnatic music that is practiced in Karnataka. Dharwad pedha is a sweet delicacy unique to the state of Karnataka, India. Gamaka is a form of music in Indian classical genre used in Karnataka, India as a unique form of Storytelling. The origins of Indian classical music can be found from the oldest of Scriptures part of the Hindu tradition the Vedas. A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Kannada Bhavageete is a genre of popular music that draws inspiration from the expressionist poetry of modern poets. Bhavageete (literally 'emotion poetry' is a form of expressionist Poetry and light music The Mysore school of painting has produced painters like Sundarayya, Tanjavur Kondayya, B. Venkatappa and Keshavayya. [83] Chitrakala Parishat is an organisation in Karnataka dedicated to promoting painting, mainly in the Mysore painting style. Mysore painting is an important form of classical South Indian painting that originated in the town of Mysore in Karnataka.
Saree is the traditional dress of women in Karnataka. for the town in Nepal see Sari Nepal A sari or saree or shari is a female garment in the Indian subcontinent Women in Kodagu have a distinct style of wearing the saree, different from the rest of Karnataka. [84] Dhoti, known as Panche in Karnataka is the traditional attire of men. The pancha in Telugu, called dhoti or doti in Hindi, Laacha in Punjabi, Mundu in Malayalam Shirt, Trousers and Salwar kameez are widely worn in Urban areas. A shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body Originally an item of underwear worn exclusively by men it has become in American English a catch-all term for Trousers are an item of Clothing worn on the lower part of the body from the waist to the ankles covering both legs separately (rather than with cloth stretching across Salwar kameez ( also spelled shalwar kameez or shalwar qameez) is a traditional dress worn by both women and men in Southern Asia. Mysore peta is the traditional headgear of southern Karnataka, while the pagadi (similar to the Rajasthani turban) is preferred in the northern areas of the state. The turban (from Persian fa دلبند or دولبند dulband via the Turkish tr tülbent) is a headdress consisting of a long The turban (from Persian fa دلبند or دولبند dulband via the Turkish tr tülbent) is a headdress consisting of a long
Rice and Ragi form the staple food in South Karnataka, whereas Sorghum is staple to North Karnataka. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Finger millet ( Eleusine coracana, Amharic ዳጉሳ "Dagusa" or ቶኩሶ tōkūsō) also known as African millet or Ragi Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as Fodder plants either cultivated or as part Apart from this, coastal Karnataka and Kodagu have a distinctive cuisine of their own. Bisi bele bath, Jolada rotti, Ragi mudde, Uppittu, Masala Dose and Maddur Vade are some of the popular food items in Karnataka. Bisi bele bhaath (ಬಿಸಿ ಬೇಳೆ ಭಾತ್ is a rice-based dish with its origins in the state of Karnataka, India. Jolada rotti (ಜೋಳದ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ in Kannada) is a specialty North Karnataka unleavened Indian bread made out of jowar (Sorghum. Ragi mudde (ರಾಗಿ ಮುದ್ದೆ is a food item unique to the state of Karnataka, India. Upma ( Malayalam: ഉപ്പുമാവ്, Tamil: உப்புமா) also known Preparation Regular dosa batter is made from Rice and split skinned Urad bean (black lentil blended with water and left to ferment overnight Maddur vada (ಮದ್ದೂರು ವಡೆ is a type of Vada or snack item which is unique to the state of Karnataka, India. Among sweets, Mysore Pak and Dharwad pedha are popular. Mysore pak ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡ is a sweet dish of Karnataka, usually served as dessert Dharwad pedha is a sweet delicacy unique to the state of Karnataka, India.
Religion
The three most important schools of Hindu philosophy, Advaita, Vishistadvaita and Dvaita blossomed in Karnataka. Karnataka has played a very important role in shaping present day Indian religion and philosophy The Haridasa ( Kannada: ಹರಿದಾಸ) devotional movement is considered as one of the turning points in the cultural history of India. Lingayatism or Veerashaivism is a Hindu religious sect in India but a Dharma. Shravanabelagola (ಶ್ರವಣಬೆಳಗೊಳ is a city located in the Hassan district, in the Indian state of Karnataka. Advaita Vedanta ( IAST Advaita Vedānta; Sanskrit अद्वैत वेदान्त əd̪vait̪ə veːd̪ɑːnt̪ə is a sub-school of the VishishtAdvaita Vedanta ( IAST Viśishṭādvaita Vedanta; Sanskrit: विशिष्टाद्वैत is a sub-school of the Vedānta Dvaita ( Kannada: ದ್ವೈತ Devanagari:द्बैत is a dualist school of Vedanta Hindu philosophy. [85] While Madhvacharya was born in Karnataka, Adi Shankaracharya chose Sringeri in Karnataka to establish the first of his four mathas. For Madhavacharya the Advaita saint see Madhava Vidyaranya. Shri Madhvacharya (ಶ್ರೀ ಮಧ್ವಾಚಾರ್ಯರು Adi Shankara ( Malayalam: ആദി ശങ്കരന് Devanāgarī: आदि शङ्कर Ādi Śaṅkara, aːd̪i ɕaŋkərə (see below Sringeri ( Kannada: ಶೃಂಗೇರಿ also written as Shringeri, Śŗngeri and Śŗngagiri is a taluk located in Chikmagalur district in A maţha (also written math, matha or mutt) is a term for monastic and similar religious establishments of the Hindu and Ramanujacharya, who fled persecution by the Cholas in modern Tamil Nadu, spent many years in Melkote. Ramanuja ( traditionally 1017&ndash1137 also known as Ramanujacharya, was a Theologian, Philosopher, and Scriptural Exegete. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Melukote ( Kannada: ಮೇಲುಕೋಟೆ in Pandavapura taluk of Mandya district, [86] In the twelfth century, Veerashaivism emerged in northern Karnataka as a protest against the rigidity of the prevailing social and caste system. Lingayatism or Veerashaivism is a Hindu religious sect in India but a Dharma. Leading figures of this movement were Basava, Akka Mahadevi and Allama Prabhu, who established the Anubhava Mantapa where the philosophy of Shakti Vishishtadvaita was expounded. Basava (also known as Basaveshwara (ಬಸವೇಶ್ವರ or Basavanna (ಬಸವಣ್ಣ 1134 &ndash 1196) was a philosopher and a Akka Mahadevi (ಅಕ್ಕ ಮಹಾದೇವಿ Born in Udatadi (or Udugani near the ancient city of Banavasi (in Shikaripura taluk Shimoga district) was a prominent Allama Prabhu ( Kannada:ಅಲ್ಲಮ ಪ್ರಭು) ( 1150 CE was a mystic Veerashaiva saint and poet of the 12th century Anubhava Mantapa ( Kannada: ಅನುಭವ ಮಂಟಪ) was an academy of mystics saints and philosophers of the Veerashaiva faith in the 12th century This was the basis of the Lingayat faith which today counts millions among its followers. Lingayatism or Veerashaivism is a Hindu religious sect in India but a Dharma. [87] The Jain philosophy and literature have contributed immensely to the religious and cultural landscape of Karnataka. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India.
Islam, which had an early presence on the west coast of India as early as the tenth century, gained a foothold in Karnataka with the rise of the Bahamani and Bijapur sultanates that ruled parts of Karnataka. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. [88] Christianity reached Karnataka in the sixteenth century with the arrival of the Portuguese and St. Francis Xavier in 1545. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west Saint Francis Xavier ( Konkani / Konknni: Sam Fransisku Xavier/ Sanv Fransisk Xavier Basque: San Frantzisko Xabierkoa Spanish: San Francisco [89] Buddhism was popular in Karnataka during the first millennium in places such as Gulbarga and Banavasi. Kalburgi (formerly Gulbarga; Kannada:ಕಲಬುರ್ಗಿ is a town in the Indian state of Karnataka. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District A chance discovery of edicts and several Mauryan relics at Sannati in Gulbarga district in 1986 has proven that the Krishna River basin was once home to both Mahayana and Hinayana Buddhism. The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military Gulbarga District ( Kannada ಕಲಬುರ್ಗಿ(ಗುಲ್ಬರ್ಗ ( Urdu گلبرگہ) is situated between 76° Mahayana ( Sanskrit: mahāyāna, Devanagari: महायान 'Great Vehicle' is one of the two main existing schools of Buddhism and a term for Hīnayāna ( Chinese: 小乘 Xiǎochèng; Korean: 소승 Soseung; Japanese: Shōjō; Vietnamese: Tiểu
Mysore Dasara is celebrated as the Nada habba (state festival) and this is marked by major festivities at Mysore. Dasara is the Nadahabba (state-festival of the state of Karnataka. [90] Ugadi (Kannada New Year), Makara Sankranti (the harvest festival), Ganesh Chaturthi, Nagapanchami, Basava Jayanthi, Deepavali, and Ramzan are the other major festivals of Karnataka. Ugadi ( Telugu: ఉగాది Kannada: ಯುಗಾದಿ - from ಯುಗ yuga, era + ಆದಿ ādi, beginning the start of an era is the Sankranthi, or Sankranti ( Sanskrit: मकर संक्रान्ति, is a Festival that signifies the beginning of the harvest season for Ganesha Chaturthi ( IAST: Gaṇeśa Caturthī Devanagari: गणेश चतुर्थी or Ganesha Festival is a day on which Lord Ganesha Nagaradhane (ನಾಗಾರಾಧನೆ is a form of Snake worship which along with Bhuta Kola, is one of the unique traditions prevalent in coastal districts of Basava Jayanthi is the most important festival of the Lingayats. Ramadan or Ramazan ( Arabic: رمضان Ramaḍān) is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic
Language
The Kannada language is the official language of the state and is the native language of approximately 65% of Karnataka's population. Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state Kodava Takk or Kodava takka, ( Kannada script: ಕೊಡವ ತಕ್ is the original language of the south Karnataka district of Kodagu. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST Kannada literature is the body of literature of Kannada, a Dravidian language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Karnataka and written in the The Halmidi inscription is the oldest known Kannada language inscription in the Kannada script, dating to the 5th or 6th century A Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state [91] Kannada played a crucial role in the creation of Karnataka since linguistic demographics was a major criterion chosen to create the state in 1956. Tulu, Kodava Takk and Konkani are other major native languages that share a long history in the state. Urdu is spoken widely by the Muslim population. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Less widely spoken languages include Beary bashe and certain dialects such as Sankethi. Sankethi is distinct from Tamil and is now an independent language according to Dravidian linguists such as Hampa Nagarajaiah Kannada features a rich and ancient body of literature covering topics as diverse as Jainism, Vachanas, and Haridasa Sahitya. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Vachana sahitya ( Kannada: ವಚನ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ) is a form of writing in Kannada (also see Kannada poetry) which evolved in the 12th Century The Haridasa ( Kannada: ಹರಿದಾಸ) devotional movement is considered as one of the turning points in the cultural history of India. Evidence from edicts during the time of Ashoka the Great suggest that the Kannada script and its literature were influenced by Buddhist literature. Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi The Kannada script is a Syllabary (of the type sometimes called an Abugida) of the Brahmic family, primarily to write the Kannada language The Halmidi inscription, the earliest attested full-length inscription in the Kannada language and script, is dated to 450 CE while the earliest available literary work, the Kavirajamarga, has been dated to 850 CE. The Halmidi inscription is the oldest known Kannada language inscription in the Kannada script, dating to the 5th or 6th century A Kavirajamarga (ಕವಿರಾಜಮಾರ್ಗ (850 CE is the earliest available writing on literary criticism poetics and grammar in the Kannada language References made in the Kavirajamarga, however, prove that Kannada literature flourished in the Chattana, Beddande and Melvadu metres during earlier centuries. [92]
Kuvempu, the renowned Kannada poet and writer who wrote Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate, the state anthem of Karnataka[93] was the first recipient of the "Karnataka Ratna" award, the highest civilian award bestowed by the Government of Karnataka. Kuppali Venkatappagowda Puttappa ( Kannada: ಕುಪ್ಪಳ್ಳಿ ವೆಂಕಟಪ್ಪಗೌಡ ಪುಟ್ಟಪ್ಪ ( December 29, 1904 - Kannada literature is the body of literature of Kannada, a Dravidian language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Karnataka and written in the Kuppali Venkatappagowda Puttappa ( Kannada: ಕುಪ್ಪಳ್ಳಿ ವೆಂಕಟಪ್ಪಗೌಡ ಪುಟ್ಟಪ್ಪ ( December 29, 1904 - Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate ( Kannada:ಜಯ ಭಾರತ ಜನನಿಯ ತನುಜಾತೆ is a Kannada poem which was composed by the Indian Karnataka Ratna ( Kannada: ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ರತ್ನ) is the highest civilian honour of the State of Karnataka. The Government of Karnataka is a democratically elected body with the Governor as the constitutional head Contemporary Kannada literature is well recognized in the arena of Indian literature, with seven Kannada writers winning India's highest literary honour, the Jnanpith award, which is the highest for any language in India. Kannada literature is the body of literature of Kannada, a Dravidian language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Karnataka and written in the The Jnanpith Award is a literary award in India. Along with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, it is one of the two most prestigious literary honours in the country [94] Tulu is spoken mainly in the coastal districts of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada. Udupi ( Kannada, Tulu: ಉಡುಪಿ Odipu, Konkani - उडुपी) is a city and the headquarters of the Udupi District in Dakshina Kannada ( Kannada & Tulu:ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ (earlier known as South Kanara, or South Canara) is a coastal Tulu Mahabharato, written by Arunabja in Tulu script, is the oldest surviving Tulu text. [95] The Tulu language now uses the Kannada script due to the gradual decline of the Tulu script, which was in use until a few centuries ago. The Tulu script, also known as the Tigalari script, strongly resembles the script of Malayalam language The Kodavas who mainly reside in the Kodagu district, speak Kodava Takk. The Kodava (ಕೊಡವ in Kannada script) are an ethnic group of southern India who trace their origins to the region of Kodagu, in Karnataka Kodagu ( Kannada:ಕೊಡಗು is a district of Karnataka State in Southern India. Two regional variations of the language exist, the northern Mendale Takka and the southern Kiggaati Takka. [96] Konkani is mostly spoken in the Uttara Kannada district and in some parts of the Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts. Uttara Kannada ( Kannada ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ) is a district in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Both Kodava Takk and Konkani use the Kannada script for writing. English is the medium of education in many schools and widely used for business communication in technology-related companies and BPOs. Business process outsourcing ( BPO) contains the transmission of processes along with the associated operational activities and responsibilities to a third party with at least
All of the state's languages are patronised and promoted by governmental and quasi-governmental bodies. The Kannada Sahitya Parishat and the Kannada Sahitya Akademi are responsible for the promotion of Kannada while the Karnataka Konkani Sahitya Akademi,[97] The Tulu Sahitya Akademi and the Kodava Sahitya Akademi promote their respective languages. Kannada Saahithya Parishath ( Kannada ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಪರಿಷತ್ತು) is an Indian non-profit organisation that promotes
Education
As per the 2001 census, Karnataka had a literacy rate of 67. The state of Karnataka in India has to its credit some of the premier institutions like the Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Management The Indian Institute of Science ( IISc) is a premier post-graduate institution of research and higher learning located in Bangalore, India. traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, 04%, with 76. 29% of males and 57. 45% of females in the state being literate. [98] The state is home to some of the premier educational and research institutions of India such as the Indian Institute of Science, the Indian Institute of Management, the National Institute of Technology Karnataka and the National Law School of India University. The Indian Institute of Science ( IISc) is a premier post-graduate institution of research and higher learning located in Bangalore, India. The Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs are India's premier Management institutes that also conduct research and provide consultancy services in the field of management The National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, popularly known as KREC, is a premier autonomous University along the western shores of India The National Law School of India University (NLSIU or NLS is the premier institution for under-graduate and graduate legal education in India
As of March 2006, Karnataka had 54,529 primary schools with 252,875 teachers and 8. 495 million students,[99] and 9498 secondary schools with 92,287 teachers and 1. 384 million students. [99] There are three kinds of schools in the state, viz. , government-run, private aided (financial aid is provided by the government) and private unaided (no financial aid is provided). The primary languages of instruction in most schools are Kannada and English. The syllabus taught in the schools is either of the CBSE, the ICSE or the state syllabus (SSLC) defined by the Department of Public Instruction of the Government of Karnataka. The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education ( ICSE) examination is an examination conducted by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations for The Secondary School Leaving Certificate ( SSLC) is a certification obtained by a student on successful completion of an examination at the end of study at the secondary The Government of Karnataka is a democratically elected body with the Governor as the constitutional head In order to maximize attendance in schools, the Karnataka Government has launched a mid-day meal scheme in government and aided schools in which free lunch is provided to the students. [100] Statewide board examinations are conducted at the end of the period of secondary education and students who qualify are allowed to pursue a two-year pre-university course; after which students become eligible to pursue under-graduate degrees. The Secondary School Leaving Certificate ( SSLC) is a certification obtained by a student on successful completion of an examination at the end of study at the secondary Pre University Course, popularly known as PUC is an intermediate course of duration two years conducted by state education boards in India. A bachelor's degree is usually an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three four or in some cases and
There are 481 degree colleges affiliated with one of the universities in the state, viz. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Bangalore University, Gulbarga University, Karnatak University, Kuvempu University, Mangalore University and Mysore University. Bangalore University (BU is a Public university located in Bangalore, Karnataka State, India. Institution Gulbarga University was a post graduation centre of Karnatak University, India. Kuvempu University is a state university in Shivamogga, Karnataka, India. Mangalore University (ಮಂಗಳೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ (MU is a public university located in Konaje (18-KiloMeters away from main city University of Mysore is a Public university in India. It has its main campus in the city of Mysore and extension campuses in the neighbouring districts [101] In 1998, the engineering colleges in the state were brought under the newly-formed Visvesvaraya Technological University headquartered at Belgaum, whereas the medical colleges are run under the jurisdiction of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences. Visvesvaraya Technological University, also spelt Visveswaraiah Technological University, (VTU is a University in Karnataka, India. Belgaum ( Profile Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, centered in Bangalore, India is a unitary university set up in 1996 by the government Some of these baccalaureate colleges are accredited with the status of a deemed university. Deemed university is a status of autonomy granted to high performing institutes and departments of various universities in India. There are 123 engineering, 35 medical and 40 dental colleges in the state. [102] Udupi, Sringeri, Gokarna and Melkote are well-known places of Sanskrit and Vedic learning. Udupi ( Kannada, Tulu: ಉಡುಪಿ Odipu, Konkani - उडुपी) is a city and the headquarters of the Udupi District in Sringeri ( Kannada: ಶೃಂಗೇರಿ also written as Shringeri, Śŗngeri and Śŗngagiri is a taluk located in Chikmagalur district in Gokarna may refer to Gokarna India Gokarna Nepal WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Melukote ( Kannada: ಮೇಲುಕೋಟೆ in Pandavapura taluk of Mandya district, Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical "Veda" redirects here For other uses see Veda (disambiguation.
Media
The era of Kannada newspapers started in the year 1843 when Hermann Mögling, a missionary from Basel Mission, published the first Kannada newspaper called Mangalooru Samachara in Mangalore. The state of Karnataka in India has been in the fore-front of communication with the first private radio station being started in Mysore in the year 1935 Hermann Mögling (1811-1881 was a German missionary from the Basel Mission who spent most of his career in the western regions of the state of Karnataka, India A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. The Basel Mission is a Christian Missionary society that operates around the world The first Kannada periodical, Mysuru Vrittanta Bodhini was started by Bhashyam Bhashyacharya in Mysore. Shortly after Indian independence in 1948, K. N. Guruswamy founded The Printers (Mysore) Private Limited and began publishing two newspapers, the Deccan Herald and Prajavani. The Deccan Herald is the largest English-language daily Newspaper in the Indian state of Karnataka. Prajavani ( Kannada for Voice of the People) is a leading Kannada-language newspaper in the Indian Presently the Times of India and Vijaya Karnataka are the largest-selling English and Kannada newspapers respectively. The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. Vijaya Karnataka is a Kannada Newspaper. It is the largest circulated Kannada daily and published from a number of cities in Karnataka. [103][104] A vast number of weekly, biweekly and monthly magazines are under publication in both Kannada and English. Udayavani, Kannadaprabha, Samyukta Karnataka, Vaartha Bharathi, Sanjevani, Eesanje, Karavali Ale are also some popular dailies published from Karnataka. Udayavani is a major Kannada daily newspaper which has its headquarters in Manipal, Karnataka. Kannada Prabha a morning daily from the house of The New Indian Express Group is a major Kannada newspaper in Karnataka. Samyukta Karnataka is a major Kannada newspaper which has its headquarters in Hubli, Karnataka. Sanjevani is a major Kannada newspaper which has its headquarters in Bangalore, Karnataka. Karavali Ale is a Kannada daily local newspaper published in Mangalore, Karnataka, India since 1992
Doordarshan is the broadcaster of the Government of India and its channel DD Chandana is dedicated to Kannada. Doordarshan (दूरदर्शन literally Tele-Vision) is the public television broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati, a public DD Chandana (ಡಿಡಿ ಚಂದನ is a Kannada channel owned and operated by Prasar Bharathi under Doordarshan; supported by Doordarshan studios in Bangalore Prominent Kannada channels include ETV Kannada, Zee Kannada, Udaya TV, Ushe TV, U2, TV 9 and Kasturi TV. List of Kannada language Television channels This is a list of Television stations in the Kannada language. ETV Kannada is a Kannada language TV channel in Karnataka, India and is owned by ETV Network. Zee Kannada ( Kannada:ಜೀ ಕನ್ನಡ is a 24 hour Kannada-language channel that launched in May 2006 and is owned by Zee Network. Udaya TV (ಉದಯ ಟಿವಿ is a regional Kannada language Indian Cable television station U2 (Udaya 2 is Kannada music channel which is a part of the Sun Network. TV 9 is a 24 hour Kannada language news Television channel that was launched on 22nd June 2006 Kasturi ( Kannada: ಕಸ್ತೂರಿ is a 24 hour Kannada language television channel that was launched on 26 September. [105]
Karnataka occupies a special place in the history of Indian radio. In 1935, Aakashvani, the first private radio station in India, was started by Prof. M. V. Gopalaswamy at Mysore. Mysore (maɪˈsɔɚ in English; renamed to Mysuru|ಮೈಸೂರು) (ಮೈಸೂರು is the second largest city in the state of Karnataka, India [106] The popular radio station was taken over by the local municipality and later by All India Radio (AIR) and moved to Bangalore in 1955. All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR) officially known as Akashvani ( Devanagari: आकाशवाणी ākāshavānī ( Urdu: اکاشوانی Later in 1957, AIR adopted the original name of the radio station, Aakashavani as its own. Some of the popular programs aired by AIR Bangalore included Nisarga Sampada and Sasya Sanjeevini which were programs that taught science through songs, plays and stories. These two programs became so popular that they were translated and broadcasted in 18 different languages and the entire series was recorded on cassettes by the Government of Karnataka and distributed to thousands of schools across the state. [106] Karnataka has witnessed a growth in FM radio channels mainly in the city of Bangalore which has around 10 such channels and these have become hugely popular. [107][108]
Sports
Karnataka's smallest district, Kodagu, is a major contributor to Indian field hockey, producing numerous players who have represented India at the international level. Cricket is by far the most popular sport in Karnataka with International cricket matches attracting a sizeable amount of spectators who are willing to pay more than the ticket Anil Kumble (ಅನಿಲ್ ಕುಂಬ್ಳೆ (born 17 October 1970 in Bangalore, Karnataka) is an Indian Cricketer He is a right-arm The structure of international cricket has evolved only recently from a traditional Ad hoc basis Kodagu ( Kannada:ಕೊಡಗು is a district of Karnataka State in Southern India. Field hockey is the national game of India. Management Indian Hockey Federation The Indian Hockey Federation was the Indian [109] The annual Kodava Hockey Festival is the largest hockey tournament in the world. The clan of Kodavas in the Indian state of Karnataka have a long history of association with the game of Field hockey. [110] Bangalore has hosted a WTA tennis event and, in 1997, it hosted the fourth National Games of India. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) [111] The Sports Authority of India, the premier sports institute in the country, and the Nike Tennis Academy are also situated in Bangalore. Nike Inc ('naɪki ( is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. Karnataka has been referred to as the cradle of Indian swimming because of its high standards in comparison to other states. [112]
One of the most popular sports in Karnataka is cricket. Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries The state cricket team has won the Ranji Trophy six times, second only to Mumbai in terms of success. One of the strongest teams in the Ranji Trophy Elite Group the Karnataka cricket team has seen its fair share of glory in the Ranji Trophy tournament and has produced The Ranji Trophy is a domestic First-class cricket championship played in India between different city and state sides equivalent to the County Championship The Mumbai cricket team is a Cricket team representing the city of Mumbai in Indian domestic cricket [113] Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore regularly hosts international matches and is also the home of the National Cricket Academy, which was opened in 2000 to nurture potential international players. Records Test Match Records Highest innings total India 626/all out - India vs Pakistan 3rd Test in Bangalore Highest individual score 267 The structure of international cricket has evolved only recently from a traditional Ad hoc basis The National Cricket Academy located in Chinnaswamy Stadium Bangalore, Karnataka, India, established in 2000 is a cricket facility Many cricketers have represented India and in one international match held in the 1990s; players from Karnataka composed the majority of the national team. One of the strongest teams in the Ranji Trophy Elite Group the Karnataka cricket team has seen its fair share of glory in the Ranji Trophy tournament and has produced The Indian cricket team is an international Cricket team representing India. [114][115] Sports like kho kho, kabaddi, chinni daandu and goli (marbles) are played mostly in Karnataka's rural areas. Kho Kho is an Indian sport played by teams of twelve players who try to avoid being touched by members of the opposing team only 9 players of the team enter the field Kabaddi (sometimes written Kabbadi or Kabadi) (கபடி otherwise known as சடுகுடுకబడ్డీ ਕਬੱਡੀ कबड्डी कबड्डीکبڈی A marble is a small spherical toy usually made from Glass, Clay, or Agate.
Notable sportsmen from Karnataka include Prakash Padukone who won the All England Badminton Championships in 1980 and Pankaj Advani who has won three world titles in cue sports by the age of 20 including the amateur World Snooker Championship in 2003 and the World Billiards Championship in 2005. Prakash Padukone ( Kannada: ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ಪಡುಕೋಣೆ (born June 10, 1955) is a famous Badminton player from Karnataka The All England Open Badminton Championships, or simply All England, is one of the world's oldest and most prestigious Badminton tournaments Pankaj Advani ( Kannada:ಪಂಕಜ್ ಅಡ್ವಾಣಿ (born 24 July 1985 in Bangalore) is a World Champion (amateur in Snooker [116][117]
Flora and fauna
Karnataka has a rich diversity of flora and fauna. The state of Karnataka located in South India has a rich diversity of flora and fauna thumb|left The Indian Roller ( Coracias benghalensis) was formerly locally called the Blue Jay a Misnomer. It has a recorded forest area of 38,720 km² (14,950 sq mi) which constitutes 20. 19% of the total geographical area of the state. These forests support 25% of the elephant and 10% of the tiger population of India. Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea. The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus Many regions of Karnataka are as yet unexplored, so new species of flora and fauna are found periodically. The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot, includes the western region of Karnataka. The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്വ്വതം A biodiversity hotspot is a Biogeographic region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is threatened with destruction Two sub-clusters in the Western Ghats, viz. Talacauvery and Kudremukh, both in Karnataka, are on the tentative list of World Heritage Sites of UNESCO. Talakaveri ( Kannada:ತಲಕಾವೇರಿ is the place that is generally considered to be the source of the Kaveri River. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kuduremukha ( ಕುದುರೆಮುಖ in Kannada / Tulu; Konkani - कुद्रेमुख(Also A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 [118] The Bandipur and Nagarahole National Parks, which fall outside these subclusters, were included in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in 1986, a UNESCO designation. [119] The Indian roller and the Indian elephant are recognized as the state bird and animal while sandalwood and the lotus are recognized as the state tree and flower respectively. thumb|left The Indian Roller ( Coracias benghalensis) was formerly locally called the Blue Jay a Misnomer. The Indian Elephant, Elephas maximus indicus, is one of four Subspecies of the Asian Elephant, the largest population of which is found in India for the film industry in India see Cinema of Karnataka Sandalwood is the name for several fragrant Woods and their Essential See Lotus for other uses including several other plant taxa bearing this name Karnataka has five national parks: Anshi, Bandipur, Bannerghatta, Kudremukh and Nagarhole. Anshi National Park is located in Uttara Kannada district in the Indian state of Karnataka, bordering the state of Goa. Bandipur National Park is one of India 's best known sanctuaries and is an important Project Tiger reserve Bannerghatta National Park is situated 22 km south of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Kudremukh is a mountain in Chikmagalur district in Karnataka, India. Nagarhole National Park ( Kannada ನಾಗರಹೊಳೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನ also known as 'Rajiv Gandhi National Park' is located 94 km [120] It also has 25 wildlife sanctuaries of which seven are bird sanctuaries[120].
Wild animals that are found in Karnataka include the elephant, the tiger, the leopard, the gaur, the sambar deer, the chital or spotted deer, the muntjac, the bonnet macaque, the slender loris, the common palm civet, the small Indian civet, the sloth bear, the dhole, the striped hyena and the golden jackal. The Asian or Asiatic Elephant ( Elephas maximus) sometimes known by the name of one of its subspecies &ndash the Indian Elephant, is one of The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus The leopard (lɛpɚd Panthera pardus) is an Old World Mammal of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four roaring The gaur (ˈɡaʊɚ ( Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large dark-coated bovine animal of South Asia and Southeast Asia. The chital or cheetal ( Axis axis) also known as chital deer, spotted deer or axis deer is a Deer which commonly inhabits The Common Muntjac, also called Indian Muntjac ( Muntiacus muntjak) is the most numerous Muntjac deer species The Bonnet Macaque ( Macaca radiata) is a Macaque living in India. The Red Slender Loris ( Loris tardigradus) is a small nocturnal Prosimian native to the Rainforests of Sri Lanka. The Asian Palm Civet ( Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) also known as the Common Palm Civet or the Toddy Cat, is a Cat -sized Mammal The Small Indian Civet ( Viverricula indica) also called the Rasse, is a species of Civet found across south and south-east Asia as well as in the The Sloth Bear ( Melursus ursinus) also known as the Lip Bear, Though originally classed as a "bear sloth" due to the shape of its claws The Dhole ( Cuon alpinus) also known as the Asiatic Wild Dog, Indian Wild Dog or Red Dog is a Mammal of the order Carnivora The Striped Hyena ( Hyaena hyaena) Al Dabea' الضبع Taras तरस is an omnivorous Mammal of the family The Golden Jackal ( Canis aureus) also called the Asiatic, Oriental or Common Jackal is a carnivorous Mammal of the Some of the birds found here are the Great Hornbill, the Malabar Pied Hornbill, the Ceylon frogmouth, herons, ducks, kites, eagles, falcons, quails, partridges, lapwings, sandpipers, pigeons, doves, parakeets, cuckoos, owls, nightjars, swifts, kingfishers, bee-eaters and munias. The Great Hornbill, Buceros bicornis also known as Greater Indian Hornbill or Two-horned Calao, is the largest Asian member of the Hornbill family The Malabar Pied Hornbill ( Anthracoceros coronatus) is a Hornbill. The Sri Lanka Frogmouth, Batrachostomus moniliger, is a relatively small Frogmouth. A falcon (fɔlkən or fælkən is any Species of raptor in the Genus Falco. Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized Birds in the Pheasant family Phasianidae, or in the family Odontophoridae. Partridges are Birds in the Pheasant family Phasianidae. They are a non-migratory Old World group Vanellinae are a Subfamily of medium-sized wading Birds belonging to the family Charadriidae, which also includes the Plovers "Sandpiper" redirects here For the 1965 film see The Sandpiper. A parakeet is a North American term for any one of a large number of unrelated small to medium sized Parrot species that generally have long-tail feathers This article is about the bird For the aircraft see Gloster Nightjar. The swifts are a family Apodidae, of highly aerial Birds They are superficially similar to Swallows but are actually not closely related to those Kingfishers are small bright colored Birds of the three families Alcedinidae ( River kingfishers, Halcyonidae ( Tree kingfishers, and Cerylidae ( Water [120] Some species of trees found in Karnataka are Callophyllum tomentosa, Callophyllum wightianum, Garcina cambogia, Garcina morealla, Alstonia scholaris, Flacourtia montana, Artocarpus hirsutus, Artocarpus lacoocha, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Grewia tilaefolia, Santalum album, Shorea talura, Emblica officinalis, Vitex altissima and Wrightia tinctoria. Alstonia is a widespread Genus of Evergreen trees and Shrubs from the dogbane family ( Apocynaceae) Artocarpus is a Genus of about 60 trees of Southeast Asian origin and the Pacific belonging to the mulberry family Moraceae. Artocarpus is a Genus of about 60 trees of Southeast Asian origin and the Pacific belonging to the mulberry family Moraceae. Cinnamomum is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs belonging to the Laurel family Lauraceae. The large Flowering plant Genus Grewia is today placed by most authors in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed Santalum is a genus of woody Flowering plants the most well known and commercially valuable of which is the Indian Sandalwood tree S Shorea is a Genus of about 196 Species of mainly Rainforest Trees in the family Dipterocarpaceae. Phyllanthus is the largest Genus in the family Phyllanthaceae. Vitex is a genus of about 250 species of shrubs and trees 1-35 m tall native to tropical subtropical and also warm temperate regions throughout the world Wrightia is a Genus of 23 species of Flowering plants in the Apocynaceae (dogbane family native to tropical Africa, Asia Wildlife in Karnataka is threatened by poaching, habitat destruction, human-wildlife conflict and pollution. [120]
Tourism
By virtue of its varied geography and long history, Karnataka hosts numerous spots of interest for tourists. Karnataka, the eighth largest state in India is a veritable treasure trove of tourist delights Gol Gumbaz (ಗೋಲ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ is the Mausoleum of Mohammed Adil Shah ( 1627 - 57) of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Indian Bijapur (ವಿಜಾಪುರ Vijapur is a district headquarters of the Bijapur District in the state of Karnataka. There is an array of ancient sculptured temples, modern cities, scenic hill ranges, unexplored forests and endless beaches. Karnataka has been ranked as the fourth most popular destination for tourism among the states of India. [121] Karnataka has the second highest number of nationally protected monuments in India, second only to Uttar Pradesh,[122] in addition to 752 monuments protected by the State Directorate of Archaeology and Museums. Another 25,000 monuments are yet to receive protection. [123]
The districts of the Western ghats and the southern districts of the state have popular eco-tourism locations including Kudremukh, Madikeri and Agumbe. The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്വ്വതം WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kuduremukha ( ಕುದುರೆಮುಖ in Kannada / Tulu; Konkani - कुद्रेमुख(Also Madikeri ( Kannada:ಮಡಿಕೇರಿ is a town in Karnataka state India. Agumbe (ಆಗುಂಬೆ is a village located in the Shimoga district in the state of Karnataka, India. Karnataka has 25 wildlife sanctuaries and five national parks. Popular among them are Bandipur National Park, Bannerghatta National Park and Nagarhole National Park. Bandipur National Park is one of India 's best known sanctuaries and is an important Project Tiger reserve Bannerghatta National Park is situated 22 km south of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Nagarhole National Park ( Kannada ನಾಗರಹೊಳೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನ also known as 'Rajiv Gandhi National Park' is located 94 km The ruins of the Vijayanagara Empire at Hampi and the monuments of Pattadakal are on the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. Hampi ( Kannada: ಹಂಪೆ is a village in northern Karnataka state India. Pattadakal ( Kannada - ಪಟ್ಟದಕಲ್ is a town in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that are the culmination United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The cave temples at Badami and the rock-cut temples at Aihole representing the Badami Chalukyan style of architecture are also popular tourist destinations. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Badami (ಬದಾಮಿ formerly known as Vatapi, is a Taluk in the Bagalkot District Aihole ( Kannada ಐಹೊಳೆ is a town in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India The Hoysala temples at Belur and Halebidu, which were built with Chloritic schist (soap stone) are proposed UNESCO World Heritage sites. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Belur ( Kannada:ಬೇಲೂರು is a Panchayat town in Hassan district in the WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Halebidu ( Kannada ಹಳೆಬೀಡು is located in Hassan District, Karnataka Soapstone (also known as steatite or soaprock) is a Metamorphic rock, a talc- Schist. [125] The Gol Gumbaz and Ibrahim Rauza are famous examples of the Deccan Sultanate style of architecture. Gol Gumbaz (ಗೋಲ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ is the Mausoleum of Mohammed Adil Shah ( 1627 - 57) of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Indian The monolith of Gomateshwara at Shravanabelagola is the tallest sculpted monolith in the world, attracting tens of thousands of pilgrims during the Mahamastakabhisheka festival. Gomateshwara is a monolithic statue standing at above a hill in a place called Shravanabelagola in the Hassan district of Karnataka state India The Mahamasthakabhisheka (or Mahamasthak Abhishek) is an important Jain festival held once every twelve years in the town of Shravanabelagola in Karnataka [126]
The waterfalls of Karnataka and Kudremukh National Park are listed as must-see places and among the "1001 Natural Wonders of the World". Aihole ( Kannada ಐಹೊಳೆ is a town in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India Kudremukh is a mountain in Chikmagalur district in Karnataka, India. [127] Jog Falls is India's tallest single-tiered waterfall with Unchalli Falls, Magod Falls, Abbey Falls and Shivanasamudra Falls among other popular waterfalls. Jog Falls ( Kannada -ಜೋಗ ಜಲಪಾತ) created by the Sharavathi River falling from a height of 253 meters (829 ft is the highest plunge waterfall List of waterfalls in India is a list of the notable Waterfalls in India. Unchalli Falls, also called Lushington Falls is a Waterfall created by a 116-meter drop in the Aghanashini river Magod Falls is a one of the beautiful Waterfalls of Karnataka, where the river Bedti falls from a height of nearly 200m in two steps forming a glorious Abbey Falls (also Abbi Falls) ( Kannada: ಅಬ್ಬೆ ಜಲಪಾತ / ಅಬ್ಬೆ ಫಾಲ್ಸ್ is in Kodagu, in the Western Ghats Shivanasamudra is a small town in the Mandya District of the state of Karnataka, India. Several popular beaches dot the coastline including Murudeshwara, Gokarna and Karwar. Murudeshwara (ಮುರುಡೇಶ್ವರ is a town in the Bhatkal Taluk of Uttara Kannada district in the state of Karnataka, India Gokarna may refer to Gokarna India Gokarna Nepal WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Karwar ( Kannada: '''ಕಾರವಾರ''' Konkani / Marathi - कर्वार In addition, Karnataka is home to several places of religious importance. Several Hindu temples including the famous Udupi Krishna Temple, the Marikamba Temple at Sirsi , the Sri Manjunatha Temple at Dharmasthala, Sri Subramanya Temple at Kukke and Sharadamba Temple at Sringeri attract pilgrims from all over India. Udupi Krishna Temple (Kannadaಉಡುಪಿ ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣ ದೇವಾಲಯ) is a famous Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Krishna Sirsi may refer to Sirsi Karnataka Sirsi Uttar Pradesh SpecialShortpages Dharmasthala (Kannada:ಧರ್ಮಸ್ಥಳ) is a temple town in Karnataka. Sringeri ( Kannada: ಶೃಂಗೇರಿ also written as Shringeri, Śŗngeri and Śŗngagiri is a taluk located in Chikmagalur district in Most of the holy sites of Lingayats, like Kudalasangama and Basavana Bagewadi, are found in northern parts of the state. Lingayatism or Veerashaivism is a Hindu religious sect in India but a Dharma. Kudalasangama (also written as Kudala Sangama) in India is an important center of pilgrimage for people of the Lingayat faith Basavana Bagewadi in India is an important center of pilgrimage for people of the Lingayat faith Shravanabelagola, Mudabidri and Karkala are famous for Jain history and monuments. Shravanabelagola (ಶ್ರವಣಬೆಳಗೊಳ is a city located in the Hassan district, in the Indian state of Karnataka. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Moodabidri ( Kannada: ಮೂಡಬಿದ್ರಿ)(also called Mudbidri, Moodbiri Karkala ( Kannada / Tulu -ಕಾರ್ಕಳ Konkani - कार्कल is a peaceful silent town and also the headquarters of Karkala Taluk in Udupi The Jaina faith had a stronghold in Karnataka in the early medieval period with Shravanabelagola as its most important center. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Shravanabelagola (ಶ್ರವಣಬೆಳಗೊಳ is a city located in the Hassan district, in the Indian state of Karnataka.
Recently Karnataka has emerged as a hot spot for health care tourism. Karnataka has the highest number of approved health systems and alternative therapies in India. Along with some ISO certified government-owned hospitals, private institutions which provide international-quality services have caused the health care industry to grow by 30% during 2004-05. Hospitals in Karnataka treat around 8,000 health tourists every year. [45]
Notes
- ^ State-wise break up of National Parks. Wildlife Institute of India. Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-06-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath.
- ^ a b Statistical Hand Book - Economic Indicators for All States. Government of Tamil Nadu: Department of Economics and Statistics. Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 2007-02-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
- ^ Yeddy to assume office on Friday. Deccan Herald (2008-05-28). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Retrieved on 2008-05-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling
- ^ See Lord Macaulay's life of Clive and James Tallboys Wheeler: Early History of British India, London (1878) p. 98. The principal meaning is the western half of this area, but the rulers there controlled the Coromandel Coast as well. The Coromandel Coast is the name given to the southeastern coast of the Indian peninsula
- ^ S. Ranganathan. THE Golden Heritage of Karnataka. Department of Metallurgy. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Retrieved on 2007-06-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins
- ^ Trade. The British Museum. The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
- ^ From the Talagunda inscription (Dr. Talagunda is a village in the Shikaripura Taluk of Shimoga district in the state of Karnataka, India. B. L. Rice in Kamath (2001), p. 30. )
- ^ Moares (1931), p. 10.
- ^ Adiga and Sheik Ali in Adiga (2006), p. 89.
- ^ Ramesh (1984), pp. 1–2.
- ^ From the Halmidi inscription (Ramesh 1984, pp. 10–11. )
- ^ Kamath (2001), p. 10.
- ^ The Chalukyas hailed from present-day Karnataka (Keay (2000), p. 168. )
- ^ The Chalukyas were native Kannadigas (N. Kannadiga ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ | masculine|) or Kannadati ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡತಿ | feminine|) refers to populations Laxminarayana Rao and Dr. S. C. Nandinath in Kamath (2001), p. 57. )
- ^ Altekar (1934), pp. 21–24.
- ^ Masica (1991), pp. 45–46.
- ^ Balagamve in Mysore territory was an early power centre (Cousens (1926), pp. 10, 105. )
- ^ Tailapa II, the founder king was the governor of Tardavadi in modern Bijapur district, under the Rashtrakutas (Kamath (2001), p. 101. )
- ^ Kamath (2001), p. 115.
- ^ Foekema (2003), p. 9.
- ^ Kamath (2001), pp. 132–134.
- ^ Sastri (1955), pp. 358–359, 361.
- ^ Foekema (1996), p. 14.
- ^ Kamath (2001), pp. 122–124.
- ^ Kamath (2001), pp. 157–160.
- ^ Kulke and Rothermund (2004), p. 188.
- ^ Kamath (2001), pp. 190–191.
- ^ Kamath (2001), p. 201.
- ^ Kamath (2001), p. 202.
- ^ Kamath (2001), p. 207.
- ^ Kamath (2001), p. 171.
- ^ Kamath (2001), pp. 171, 173, 174, 204.
- ^ Kamath (2001), pp. 231–234.
- ^ Kamath, Suryanath (2007-05-20). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held The rising in the south. The Printers (Mysore) Private Limited. Retrieved on 2007-07-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold
- ^ Ninan, Prem Paul (2005-11-01). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi History in the making. Deccan Herald. The Deccan Herald is the largest English-language daily Newspaper in the Indian state of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2007-07-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
- ^ Menon, Parvathi. Karnataka's agony. The Frontline, Volume 18 - Issue 17, Aug. 18 - 31, 2001. Frontline. Retrieved on 2007-05-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
- ^ a b Ramachandra T. V. and Kamakshi G. . Bioresource Potential of Karnataka. Technical Report No. 109, November 2005. Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
- ^ Agumbe's receiving the second highest rainfall in India is mentioned by Ghose, Arabinda. Link Godavari, Krishna & Cauvery. The Central Chronicle, dated 2007-03-28. 2007, Central Chronicle. Retrieved on 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- ^ Karnataka - An Introduction. Official website of the Karnataka legislature. Retrieved on 2007-10-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas
- ^ a b 2 new districts notified in Bangalore. The Times of India, dated 2007-08-06. Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
- ^ Karnataka, Population: Persons (Total). Census of India, 2001. Retrieved on 2007-10-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas
- ^ India (Religion), Census of 2001. Census of India. Registrar General, Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
- ^ A. R. Fatihi. Urdu in Karnataka. 'Language in India, Volume 2 : 2002-12-09. M. S. Thirumalai, Managing Editor, Language in India. Retrieved on 2007-06-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland.
- ^ Envisaging a healthy growth. The Frontline. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-06-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce.
- ^ a b Karnataka bets big on healthcare tourism. The Hindu Business Line, dated 2004-11-23. 2004, The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-06-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce.
- ^ Ticking child healthcare time bomb. 'The Education World'. Education World. Retrieved on 2007-06-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce.
- ^ a b Origin and Growth of Karnataka Legislature. The Government of Karnataka. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
- ^ Pylee, M. V. 2003. Constitutional government in India. New Delhi: S. Chand & Co, p. 365.
- ^ "The Head of the State is called the Governor who is the constitutional head of the state as the President is for the whole of India", Pylee, M. V. 2003. Constitutional government in India. New Delhi: S. Chand & Co, p. 357.
- ^ Lok Sabha-Introduction. The Indian Parliament. Govt. of India. Retrieved on 2007-06-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
- ^ Statistics - Karnataka state. The Forest Department. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2007-06-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
- ^ Karnataka Politics - Suspense till January 27. OurKarnataka. com. OurKarnataka. Com,Inc. . Retrieved on 2007-06-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
- ^ "'Government not keen on solving Kasaragod dispute'", The Hindu, 2005-10-24. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Retrieved on 2007-10-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a
- ^ "Border row: Government told to find permanent solution", The Hindu, 2006-09-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Retrieved on 2007-10-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a
- ^ "Border dispute saves NCP the blushes", The Times of India, September 26, 2006. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi (English)
- ^ Budget 2007-2008. The Finance Department. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
- ^ GSDP registers 9.2 per cent growth. The Hindu, dated 2007-03-16. 2007, The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
- ^ Statement: Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
- ^ In terms of per capita GDP — Karnataka, Bengal fastest growing States. The Hindu, dated 2005-06-09. 2005, The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
- ^ Government of India. Foreign Direct Investment. Indian budget - 2007. Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
- ^ Government of India. Employment and Unemployment. Indian budget - 2007. Retrieved on 2007-06-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros.
- ^ Budget 2006-2007. The Finance Department. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2007-06-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros.
- ^ Poverty estimates for 2004-2005. The Planning Commission. Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-07-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls,
- ^ Karnataka Human Development Report 2005. The Planning Commission. Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-06-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
- ^ a b Karnataka Agricultural Policy 2006. Department of Agriculture. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2007-06-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
- ^ a b IT exports from Karnataka cross Rs 50k cr. The Financial Express, dated 2007-05-22. 2007: Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai) Ltd. . Retrieved on 2007-06-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ India in Business. Ministry of External affairs. Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
- ^ Bangalore tops biocluster list with Rs 1,400-cr revenue. The Hindu Business Line, dated 2006-06-08. © 2006, The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved on 2007-06-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Floriculture. OneIndia News, 12th June 2007. www. Karnataka. com. Retrieved on 2007-06-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath.
- ^ Ravi Sharma. Building on a strong base. The Frontline, Volume 22 - Issue 21, Oct. 08 - 21, 2005. Frontline. Retrieved on 2007-06-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce.
- ^ Ravi Sharma. A pioneer's progress. The Frontline, Volume 20 - Issue 15, July 19 - August 01, 2003. Frontline. Retrieved on 2007-06-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce.
- ^ State/Union Territory-Wise Number of Branches of Scheduled Commercial Banks and Average Population Per Bank Branch – March 2002. Online webpage of the Reserve Bank of India. Retrieved on 2007-06-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce.
- ^ 5 airports to be functional soon. Online Webpage of The Deccan Herald, dated 2007-06-05. 2007, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. . Retrieved on 2007-06-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland.
- ^ Prime Minister to Dedicate Konkan Railway Line to Nation on May 1. Press Information Bereau. Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-07-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls,
- ^ Pilot project: GPS system on B’lore-Hubli Jan Shatabdi. Online Edition of the Deccan Herald, dated 2006-12-25. 2005, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. . Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
- ^ GS Prasanna Kumar. Karnataka and Indian Railways, Colossal wastage of available resources or is it sheer madness of the authorities concerned. Online webpage of OurKarnataka. com. OurKarnataka. Com,Inc. Retrieved on 2007-04-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
- ^ Minor Ports of Karnataka. Online Webpage of Karnataka Ports Department. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
- ^ a b About KSRTC. Online webpage of KSRTC. KSRTC. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
- ^ Chief Editor:H Chittaranjan. 2005. Handbook of Karnataka, Gazetteer Department of the Government of Karnataka, Chapter XIII, pp. 332–337.
- ^ H Chittaranjan (chief editor). 2005. Handbook of Karnataka, Gazetteer Department of the Government of Karnataka, Chapter XIII, pp. 350–352.
- ^ Karnataka Music as Aesthetic Form/R. Sathyanarayana. New Delhi, Centre for Studies in Civilizations, 2004, xiii, 185 p. ,ISBN 81-87586-16-8.
- ^ Dr. Jytosna Kamat. Purandara Dasa. Kamats Potpourri. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
- ^ Kamath (2001), p. 283.
- ^ K. Jeshi. Revisiting textile traditions. Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2006-09-12. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-07-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
- ^ Kamath (2001), p. 148.
- ^ Fearing persecution by the Cholas who were staunch Shaivaites, Ramanujacharya came to Karnataka in 1098 and lived there until 1122. Shaivism, also spelled "Saivism" names the oldest of the four sects of Hinduism. He first lived in Tondanur and then moved to Melkote where the Cheluvanarayana Temple and a well organised Matha were built. A maţha (also written math, matha or mutt) is a term for monastic and similar religious establishments of the Hindu and He was patronized by the Hoysala king, Vishnuvardhana. Kamath (2001), pp. 150–152
- ^ Kamath (2001), pp. 152–154.
- ^ Sastri (1955), p. 396.
- ^ Sastri (1955), p. 398.
- ^ Dasara fest panel meets Thursday. The Times of India, dated 2003-07-22. Times Internet Limited. . Retrieved on 2007-07-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians
- ^ The Karnataka Local Authorities (Official Language) Act, 1981. Official website of Government of Karnataka. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ Narasimhacharya (1988), pp. 12, 17.
- ^ Poem declared `State song'. Online webpage of The Hindu. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
- ^ H. S. Venkatesh Murthy. Global thoughts in a local tongue. Online edition of the Hindu, dated 2002-10-31. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
- ^ Raviprasad Kamila. Tulu Academy yet to realise its goal. Online webpage of The Hindu, dated 2004-011-13. 2004, The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
- ^ K. S. Rajyashree. Kodava Speech Community: An Ethnolinguistic Study. Online webpage of languageindia. com. M. S. Thirumalai. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
- ^ Konkan Prabha released. Online webpage of The Deccan Herald, dated 2005-09-16. 2005, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. . Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
- ^ Literacy Rate State/UT Wise. National Literacy Mission, India. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
- ^ a b Number of schools in Karnataka as of 31-03-2006. Department of Public Instruction. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Mid-day meal scheme extended. The Times of India, dated 2007-05-16. Times Internet Limited. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Districtwise and Universitywise degree college statistics for 2006-07. The Department of Collegiate Education. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ CET brochure 2007. The Common Entrance Test Cell. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
- ^ Shuma Raha. Battleground Bangalore. Online Edition of The Telegraph dated 2006-11-19. The Telegraph. Retrieved on 2007-06-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable
- ^ Times Group acquires Vijayanand Printers. Online Edition of The Times of India dated 2006-06-15. Times Internet Limited. Retrieved on 2007-06-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable
- ^ Consolidated list of channels allowed to be carried by Cable operators/Multi system operators/DTH licensees in India. Online webpage of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-10-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas
- ^ a b Named by Na. Kasturi, a popular Kannada writer Deepa Ganesh. Still a hot favourite at 50. Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2006-03-09. 2006, The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-06-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable
- ^ Radio Stations in Karnataka, India. Online webpage of asiawaves. net. Alan G. Davies. Retrieved on 2007-07-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls,
- ^ Radio has become popular again. Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2006-01-12. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-07-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls,
- ^ A field day in coorg. Retrieved on 2007-06-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem “"Since Coorg (Kodagu) was the cradle of Indian hockey, with over 50 players from the region going on to represent the nation so far, seven of whom were Olympians. . . "”
- ^ Krishnakumar (2004-06-13). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for A field day in coorg. The Hindu. The Hindu is a single-edition English-language Indian newspaper Retrieved on 2007-06-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem “". . . the festival assumed such monstrous proportions (one year, 350 families took part in the festival) that it found place in the Limca Book of Records. It was recognized as the largest hockey tournament in the world. This has been referred to the Guinness Book of World Records too. "”
- ^ Rao, Roopa (1997-06-12). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Curtains down on Fourth National Games. Indian Express. For bi-furicated southern edition see The New Indian Express The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka Retrieved on 2007-06-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ S. Sabanayakan. Setting new standards. Online Edition of The Sportstar, Vol. 30:No. 08, dated 2007-02-24. The Hindu. The Hindu is a single-edition English-language Indian newspaper Retrieved on 2007-07-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and
- ^ Ranji Trophy winners. Cricinfo. Cricinfo is the largest Cricket -related website and one of the largest websites in the world with more than 20 million users Retrieved on 2007-06-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Sujith Somasunder, Rahul Dravid, Javagal Srinath, Sunil Joshi, Anil Kumble and Venkatesh Prasad, all from Karnataka played in this match: ODI no. 1127, Titan Cup - 1st Match India v South Africa 1996/97 season. Sujith Bijjahalli Somasunder ( Kannada:ಸುಜಿತ್ ಬಿಜ್ಜಹಳ್ಳಿ ಸೋಮಸುಂದರ್ (born 2 December 1972 in Rahul Sharad Dravid ( Kannada:ರಾಹುಲ್ ಶರದ್ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ Marathi:राहुल शरद द्रविड) (b Javagal Srinath ( Kannada:ಜಾವಗಲ್ ಶ್ರೀನಾಥ್ (born August 31, 1969 in Mysore, Karnataka) is a Sunil Bandacharya Joshi (ಸುನಿಲ್ ಬಂಡಾಚಾರ್ಯ ಜೋಷಿ (born June 6, 1970, Gadag, Karnataka) is an Anil Kumble (ಅನಿಲ್ ಕುಂಬ್ಳೆ (born 17 October 1970 in Bangalore, Karnataka) is an Indian Cricketer He is a right-arm Bapu Krishnarao Venkatesh Prasad (ಬಾಪು ಕೃಷ್ಣರಾವ್ ವೆಂಕಟೇಶ್ ಪ್ರಸಾದ್ (born 5 August 1969 in Bangalore, Cricinfo. Cricinfo is the largest Cricket -related website and one of the largest websites in the world with more than 20 million users Retrieved on 2007-06-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Vijay Bharadwaj, Rahul Dravid, Javagal Srinath, Sunil Joshi, Anil Kumble and Venkatesh Prasad, all from Karnataka played in this match: Test no. 1462 New Zealand in India Test Series - 1st Test India v New Zealand 1999/00 season. Raghvendrarao Vijay Bharadwaj ( Kannada:ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರರಾವ್ ವಿಜಯ್ ಭಾರದ್ವಾಜ್ (born August 15, 1975 in Rahul Sharad Dravid ( Kannada:ರಾಹುಲ್ ಶರದ್ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ Marathi:राहुल शरद द्रविड) (b Javagal Srinath ( Kannada:ಜಾವಗಲ್ ಶ್ರೀನಾಥ್ (born August 31, 1969 in Mysore, Karnataka) is a Sunil Bandacharya Joshi (ಸುನಿಲ್ ಬಂಡಾಚಾರ್ಯ ಜೋಷಿ (born June 6, 1970, Gadag, Karnataka) is an Anil Kumble (ಅನಿಲ್ ಕುಂಬ್ಳೆ (born 17 October 1970 in Bangalore, Karnataka) is an Indian Cricketer He is a right-arm Bapu Krishnarao Venkatesh Prasad (ಬಾಪು ಕೃಷ್ಣರಾವ್ ವೆಂಕಟೇಶ್ ಪ್ರಸಾದ್ (born 5 August 1969 in Bangalore, Cricinfo. Cricinfo is the largest Cricket -related website and one of the largest websites in the world with more than 20 million users Retrieved on 2007-06-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Faculty. Online Webpage of the Tata Prakash Padukone Badminton Academy. © 2007 TATA Padukone Badminton Academy. Retrieved on 2007-06-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Pankaj Advani is a phenomenon: Savur. The Hindu (2005-07-12). The Hindu is a single-edition English-language Indian newspaper Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Retrieved on 2007-06-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Western Ghats (sub cluster nomination). Online webpage of UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 1992-2007 UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
- ^ Seville 5, Internal Meeting of Experts, Proceedings, Pamplona, Spain, 23-27 October 2000. UNESCO. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Retrieved on 2007-11-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
- ^ a b c d A Walk on the Wild Side, An Information Guide to National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of Karnataka, Compiled and Edited by Dr. Nima Manjrekar, Karnataka Forest Department, Wildlife Wing, October 2000
- ^ Karnataka to turn on tourism charms. Online Edition of The Hindu Business Line, dated 2002-02-15. The Hindu Business Line. . Retrieved on 2007-06-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland.
- ^ Alphabetical list of Monuments. Protected Monuments. Archaeological Survey of India. Retrieved on 2007-06-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for
- ^ Plan to conserve heritage monuments, museums. The Hindu. Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2007-01-06. Retrieved on 2007-06-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for
- ^ R. Krishna Kumar. Mysore Palace beats Taj Mahal in popularity. Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2007-08-17. Retrieved on 2007-10-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse
- ^ Belur for World Heritage Status. Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2004-07-25. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2006-11-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers
- ^ Keay (2000), p. 324.
- ^ Michael Bright, 1001 Natural Wonders of the World by Barrons Educational Series Inc. , published by Quinted Inc. , 2005.
References
- John Keay, India: A History, 2000, Grove publications, New York, ISBN 0-8021-3797-0
- Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath, Concise history of Karnataka, 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002) OCLC: 7796041
- Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. (1955). A History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002) ISBN 0-19-560686-8. .
- R. Narasimhacharya, History of Kannada Literature, 1988, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras,1988, ISBN 81-206-0303-6.
- K. V. Ramesh, Chalukyas of Vatapi, 1984, Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi ISBN 3987-10333
- Malini Adiga (2006), The Making of Southern Karnataka: Society, Polity and Culture in the early medieval period, AD 400-1030, Orient Longman, Chennai, ISBN 81 250 2912 5
- Altekar, Anant Sadashiv [1934] (1934). The Rashtrakutas And Their Times; being a political, administrative, religious, social, economic and literary history of the Deccan during C. 750 A. D. to C. 1000 A. D. Poona: Oriental Book Agency. OCLC 3793499. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- Masica, Colin P. [1991] (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521299446.
- Cousens, Henry [1926] (1996). The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese District. New Delhi: Archeological Survey of India. OCLC 37526233. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
- Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, A History of India, fourth edition, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-32919-1
- Foekema, Gerard [2003] (2003). Architecture decorated with architecture: Later medieval temples of Karnataka, 1000-1300 AD. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 81-215-1089-9.
External links
- Official website of the Government of Karnataka
- Karnataka Government Information Department
- Karnataka at the Open Directory Project
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