Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Karl Taylor Compton, 1940.
Karl Taylor Compton, 1940. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Karl Taylor Compton (September 14, 1887 – June 22, 1954) was a prominent American physicist and president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1930 to 1948. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Contents

The Early Years (1897-1912)

Karl Taylor Compton was born in Wooster, Ohio, the eldest of three brothers and one sister. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads His father, Elias Compton, was from an old American Presbyterian family, and his mother, Otelia Augspurger Compton, was from an Alsatian and Hessian Mennonite family that had recently immigrated to the United States. Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern Hesse (Hessen is a state of Germany with an area The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations named after Menno Simons (1496&ndash1561 though his teachings were a relatively He came from a remarkably accomplished family in which his brother Arthur became a prominent physicist and sister Mary a missionary. Arthur Holly Compton (September 10 1892 &ndash March 15 1962 was an American physicist and Nobel laureate in physics for his discovery of the Compton effect

Beginning in 1897 Compton's summers were spent camping at Otsego Lake, Michigan while attending Wooster public schools in fall, winter and summer. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. He took hard labor jobs starting at age eleven to help pay for college, working carrying hods for construction projects, as a farm hand, mule skinner, a book canvasser, in tile and brick factories and surveyed the first mile of paved road in Ohio. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads

In 1902 Compton skipped a grade and went into Wooster University's preparatory department for the last two years of high school. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting In 1908 he graduated from Wooster cum laude with a bachelor of philosophy degree, then in 1909 his master's thesis A study of the Wehnelt electrolytic interrupter was published in Physical Review. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of academic distinction with which an Academic degree was earned Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Physical Review (frequently abbreviated as Phys Rev) is one of the oldest and most-respected Scientific journals publishing research on all aspects of During (1909-1910) he was an instructor in Wooster's chemistry department before entering a graduate program at Princeton University. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. There he received the Porter Ogden Jacobus Fellowship, and worked with Owen Willans Richardson and jointly published several papers on electrons released by ultraviolet light, electron theory and on the photoelectric effect. Sir Owen Willans Richardson ( April 26, 1879 - February 15, 1959) was a British Physicist, professor at Princeton Richardson went on to receive the Nobel Prize in some of the areas where Compton contributed. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature In 1912 Compton received his Ph. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting D. from Princeton summa cum laude. Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of academic distinction with which an Academic degree was earned

Reed College and WW I (1913-1918)

In June of 1913 Compton married Rowena Raymond. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common They moved to Reed College in Portland, Oregon, where Compton was an instructor in Physics. Portland is a city located in the Northwestern United States, near the Confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers In 1915 he returned to Princeton as an associate professor of physics. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year He also took a consultancy at the General Electric Corporation. He contributed to the war effort at Princeton and with the Signal Corps. In December of 1917 Compton was attached to the US Embassy in Paris as an associate science attaché. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city A science attaché (also known as a scientific attaché or a technical attaché) is a member of a Diplomatic mission, usually an Embassy.

Princeton University (1918-1930)

After the Armistice of 1918, the end of World War I Compton returned home to Princeton, his wife and three year old daughter Mary Evelyn. An armistice is a situation where the warring parties agree to stop fighting Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. In June of 1919 Compton was made a full professor, and worked in the Palmer Laboratory where his gift for teaching was legendary. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common His research was in the area of electronics and spectroscopy in subject areas such as passage of photoelectrons through metals, ionization, the motion of electrons in gases, fluorescence, theory of the electric arc, absorption and emission spectra of mercury vapor, and collisions of electrons and atoms. Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between Radiation and Matter as a function of Wavelength (λ Ionization is the physical process of converting an Atom or Molecule into an Ion by adding or removing charged particles such as Electrons The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter Fluorescence is a Luminescence that is mostly found as an An electric arc is an Electrical breakdown of a gas which produces an ongoing plasma discharge, resulting from a current flowing through normally nonconductive Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J History See also Atomic theory, Atomism The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny Unfortunately, Rowena died in the fall of 1919. In 1921 Compton married Margaret Hutchinson, with whom he had a daughter, Jean, and a son, Charles Arthur. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar In 1927 Compton was named Director of Research at the Palmer Laboratory and Cyrus Fogg Brackett professor. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1929 he was appointed head of the department. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Over one hundred papers were published in his name during his time at Princeton. Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey.

In 1923 Compton was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society and in 1924 a member of the National Academy of Sciences for which he was chairman of the Section of Physics (1927-1930). Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The American Philosophical Society is a discussion group founded in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin as an offshoot of his earlier club the Junto. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS is a corporation in the United States whose members serve Pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was named vice-president of the American Physical Society (APS) in 1925 and in 1927 became its president. The American Physical Society was founded in 1899 and is the World 's second largest organization of physicists behind the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. The American Physical Society was founded in 1899 and is the World 's second largest organization of physicists behind the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Compton was also a fellow of the Optical Society of America, a member of the American Chemical Society, the Franklin Institute and other professional engineering societies. The Optical Society of America (OSA is a scientific society dedicated to advancing the study of Light — Optics and Photonics —in theory and application The American Chemical Society ( ACS) is a Learned society ( Professional association) based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry This article is about the science museum in Philadelphia For the Boston school see Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1930-1954)

In 1930 Compton accepted an invitation from the MIT Corporation to be president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), an engineering school that was redefining the relationship between engineering and science. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding He took office at the beginning of the Great Depression in America, a time of economic turmoil and a time when science was under attack as a source of social ills and national despair. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Compton was to strengthen basic scientific research at the Institute while becoming a spokesman for science and technology.

During Compton's service as President the organization went through a revolutionary change. He developed a new approach to education in science and engineering, the influence of which was felt far beyond MIT. Significantly, he was active in the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education, and its president in 1938. The American Society for Engineering Education ( ASEE) is a Non-profit member association founded in 1893 dedicated to promoting and improving Engineering Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was a leader in establishing new standards for the accreditation of engineering criteria through his role as chairman of the Committee on Engineering Schools of the Engineer's Council for Professional Development. He believed in broad-based education for scientists and engineers that was responsive to the needs of the time, and that science should be an element of industrial progress.

In the early 1930's Compton joined with members of the APS to form the American Institute of Physics (AIP). The American Physical Society was founded in 1899 and is the World 's second largest organization of physicists behind the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. The American Institute of Physics (AIP is an international body representing Physicists and publishing physics related journals The American Institute of Physics (AIP is an international body representing Physicists and publishing physics related journals While he was chairman of the AIP board during 1931-1936 the organization became a federation of several disparate societies for developing subject areas in physics. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It sponsored publication of research results in the rapidly expanding study of physics during that era.

In 1948 Compton resigned his post as President of MIT and was elected president of the MIT Corporation. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He held that position until his death on June 22, 1954. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar)

Cooperation with the Military (1933-1949)

In 1933 U. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. President Roosevelt asked Compton to chair a new Scientific Advisory Board that lasted two years. This put him into a forefront of scientists that perceived a need for reliable scientific advice at the highest levels of government. The start of World War II motivated the start of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), created in 1940 under the chairmanship of Vannevar Bush. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The National Defense Research Committee (NDRC was an organization created "to coordinate supervise and conduct scientific research on the problems underlying the development Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Vannevar Bush ( March 11, 1890 &ndash June 30, 1974; pronounced "VAN-ee-var" ˈvæˌniː Compton was a member of the NDRC and became head of Division D which was responsible for assembling a group of academic and industrial engineers and scientists that would study primarily RADAR, fire control and thermal radiation. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships Fire control consists of depriving a Fire of Fuel, Oxygen or Heat (see Fire triangle) to prevent it from spreading or to put it out Thermal radiation is Electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of an object which is due to the object's Temperature. In 1941 the NDRC was assimilated into the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) where Compton chaired the United States Radar Mission to the United Kingdom. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD was an agency of the United States federal government created to coordinate scientific research for military purposes The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In 1945, Compton was selected as one of eight members of the Interim Committee appointed to advise President Harry S. Truman on the use of the atomic bomb. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Interim Committee was a secret high-level group created in May 1945 by United States Secretary of War Henry L A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. When Japan surrendered in 1945, World War II came to an end and Compton left the OSRD. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1946 Compton chaired the President's Advisory Commission on Military Training. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. From 1946 to 1948 he was a member of the Naval Research Advisory Committee. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC is a civilian advisory committee to the United States Navy. Compton chaired the Joint Research and Development Board from 1948 to 1949, when he stepped down for health reasons. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Awards and Honoraria

Publications

References

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic