Karl Koller (born December 3, 1857 in Schüttenhofen, Bohemia (now Susice, Czech Republic) died March 21, 1944 in New York, New York. Sušice (ˈsʊʃɪtsɛ Schüttenhofen is a town in the Pilsen Region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Sušice (ˈsʊʃɪtsɛ Schüttenhofen is a town in the Pilsen Region of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The City of New York ) was an Austrian ophthalmologist who began his medical career as a surgeon at the Vienna General Hospital, and was a colleague of Sigmund Freud. Ophthalmology is the branch of Medicine which deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways including the Eye, Brain Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded
Koller introduced cocaine as a local anaesthetic for eye surgery. Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant A local anesthetic is a drug that causes reversible Local anesthesia and a loss of Nociception. Prior to this discovery, he had tested solutions such as chloral hydrate and morphine as anaesthetics in the eyes of laboratory animals without success. Chloral hydrate is a Sedative and Hypnotic drug as well as a Chemical reagent and precursor Medical uses Morphine can be used as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain in Myocardial infarction pain in Freud was fully aware of the pain-killing properties of cocaine, but Koller recognized its tissue-numbing capabilities, and in 1884 demonstrated its potential as a local anaesthetic to the medical community. Koller's findings were a medical breakthrough. Prior to his discovery, performing eye surgery was difficult because the involuntary reflex motions of the eye to respond to the slightest stimuli. Eye surgery, also known as orogolomistician surgery or ocular surgery, is Surgery performed on the Eye or its Adnexa, typically by Later, cocaine was also used as a local anaesthetic in other medical fields such as dentistry. Dentistry' is the "evaluation diagnosis prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical surgical or related procedures of diseases disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity In the 20th century, other agents such as Xylocaine have replaced cocaine as a local anaesthetic. Lidocaine ( INN) (ˈlaɪdoʊkeɪn or lignocaine (former BAN) (/ˈlɪgnoʊkeɪn/ is a common Local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug
In 1888, Karl Kohler moved to the United States and practiced ophthalmology in New York. Ophthalmology is the branch of Medicine which deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways including the Eye, Brain He received many distinctions in his career, including being honored by the American Ophthalmological Society as the first recipient of the "Lucien Howe Medal" in 1922. Lucien Howe (1848-1928 was an American physician who spent much of his career as a professor of Ophthalmology at the University of Buffalo. This award is given to physicians in recognition of outstanding achievements in ophthalmology. In 1930 he was also honored by the Medical Association of Vienna.
One of Koller's patients was a blind ten-year-old boy named Chauncey Leake. Chauncey Depew Leake ( September 5 1896 - January 11 1978) was an American pharmacologist medical historian and ethicist Leake recovered his sight and later discovered the anaesthetic divinyl ether.
Koller was reputedly nicknamed "Coca Koller" for his association with the drug and although he was implored to recognise his status as a public figure due to his discovery of local anaesthesia, he did not engage in autobiography.
External links
"Victory Over Pain-A History of Anaesthesia" by Victor Robinson p246-256
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