Karl Kautsky (October 16, 1854 - October 17, 1938) was a leading theoretician of social democracy. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left He became a significant figure in Marxist history as the editor of the fourth volume of Karl Marx's economic critique, Das Kapital. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. He became the leading promulgator of Orthodox Marxism after the death of Friedrich Engels. Orthodox Marxism is the term used to describe the version of Marxism which emerged after the death of Karl Marx and acted as the official philosophy of the Friedrich Engels (28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895 was a German social scientist and philosopher, who
Contents |
Life
Karl Kautsky was born in Prague of artistic middle class parents. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. The family moved to Vienna when he was seven years old. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. He was studying history and philosophy at the University of Vienna in 1874, and became a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) in 1875. History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language The University of Vienna (Universität Wien is a Public university located in Vienna, Austria. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Social Democratic Party of Austria ( German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is one of the oldest parties in Austria. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1880 he joined a group of German socialists in Zurich who were supported financially by Karl Höchberg, and who smuggled socialist material into the Reich at the time of the Anti-Socialist Laws. Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Influenced by Eduard Bernstein, Höchberg's secretary, he became a Marxist and in 1881 visited Marx and Engels in England. Eduard Bernstein ( January 6 1850 December 18 1932) was a German social democratic theoretician and Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Friedrich Engels (28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895 was a German social scientist and philosopher, who
In 1883, Kautsky founded the monthly Die Neue Zeit ("The New Time") in Stuttgart, which became a weekly in 1890, and was its editor until September 1917 which gave him a steady income and allowed him to propagate Marxism. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Die Neue Zeit ("The New Times" was a German socialist theoretical journal of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD that was Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year [1] From 1885 to 1890, he spent time in London, where he became a close friend of Friedrich Engels. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. In 1891, he co-authored the Erfurt Program of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) together with August Bebel and Eduard Bernstein. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Erfurt Program was adopted by the Social Democratic Party of Germany during the SPD congress at Erfurt in 1891. August Ferdinand Bebel ( February 22 1840 &ndash August 13 1913) was a German social democrat and one of the founders of the Eduard Bernstein ( January 6 1850 December 18 1932) was a German social democratic theoretician and
Following the death of Engels in 1895, Kautsky became one of the most important and influential theoreticians of Marxism, representing the centre current of the party together with August Bebel. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. August Ferdinand Bebel ( February 22 1840 &ndash August 13 1913) was a German social democrat and one of the founders of the When Bernstein attacked the traditional Marxist position on the necessity for revolution in the later 1890s, Kautsky denounced him, arguing that Bernstein's emphasis on the ethical foundations of Socialism opened the road to a call for an alliance with the "progressive" bourgeoisie and a non-class approach.
In 1914, when the German Social-Democrat deputies in the Reichstag voted for the war credits, Kautsky, who was not a deputy but attended their meetings, had suggested abstaining. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Kautsky claimed that Germany was waging a defensive war against the threat of Czarist Russia. However, in June 1915, about ten months after the war had begun and when it had become obvious that this was going to be a sustained, appallingly brutal and costly struggle, he issued an appeal with Eduard Bernstein and Hugo Haase against the pro-war leaders of the SPD and denounced the government's annexationist aims. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Eduard Bernstein ( January 6 1850 December 18 1932) was a German social democratic theoretician and Hugo Haase ( September 29, 1863 – November 7, 1919) was a German politician Jurist and Pacifist. In 1917 he left the SPD for the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), which united Socialists who opposed the war. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany ( Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or USPD) was a short-lived Political party
After the November Revolution in Germany, Kautsky served as under-secretary of State in the Foreign Office in the short lived SPD-USPD revolutionary government and worked at finding documents which proved the war guilt of Imperial Germany.
After 1919, Kautsky's prominence steadily diminished. He visited Georgia in 1920 and wrote a book in 1921 on this Social Democratic country still independent of Bolshevist Russia. Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Bolshevist Russia or Bolshevik Russia is a common term for the Bolshevik side in the Russian Civil War, or more specifically the Russian In 1920, when the USPD split, he went with a minority of that party back into the SPD. At the age of 70 he moved back to Vienna with his family in 1924 where he remained until 1938. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. At the time of Hitler's Anschluss, he fled to Czechoslovakia and thence by plane to Amsterdam where he died in the same year. The ( German: "link-up" also known as the, was the 1938 Annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west
Karl Kautsky lived in Berlin-Friedenau for many years; his wife, Luise Kautsky, was a close friend of Rosa Luxemburg, who also lived in Friedenau, and today there is a commemorative plaque where Kautsky lived at Saarstraße 14. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Friedenau is a locality within the borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg in Berlin, Germany. Rosa Luxemburg (Róża Luksemburg 5 March 1870 or 1871 15 January 1919 was a Polish-born Jewish German Marxist theorist, socialist
Kautsky was described as a "renegade" by Vladimir Lenin, and he in turn castigated Lenin in his 1934 work Marxism and Bolshevism: Democracy and Dictatorship:
- "The Bolsheviks under Lenin’s leadership, however, succeeded in capturing control of the armed forces in Petrograd and later in Moscow and thus laid the foundation for a new dictatorship in place of the old Tsarist dictatorship. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River A dictatorship is usually defined as an autocratic Form of government in which the Government is ruled by a Dictator. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya "[1]
His work Social Democracy vs. Communism[2] treated the Bolshevist rule in Russia. In Kautsky's view, Bolsheviks (or, Communists) had been a conspirational organisation, which gained power by a coup and initiated revolutionary changes for which there were no economic presumptions in Russia. Instead, a bureaucratic society developed, misery of which eclipsed the problems of the Western capitalism. The attempts (be it undertaken by Lenin or Stalin) of building a working and affluent socialist society failed.
- “Foreign tourists in Russia stand in silent amazement before the gigantic enterprises created there, as they stand before the pyramids, for example. Only seldom does the thought occur to them what enslavement, what lowering of human self-esteem was connected with the construction of those gigantic establishments. ”
- “They extracted the means for the creation of material productive forces by destroying the most essential productive force of all-the laboring man. In the terrible conditions created by the Piatiletka, people rapidly perished. Soviet films, of course, did not show this. ” (ch. 6 Is Soviet Russia A Socialist State?)
Major works
- Frederick Engels: His Life, His Work and His Writings (1887) [2]
- The Economic Doctrines of Karl Marx (1887/1903) [3]
- Thomas More and his Utopia (1888) [4]
- The Class Struggle (1892) [5]
- On The Agrarian Question (1899)
- The Social Revolution and on the day After the Social Revolution (1902) [6]
- Foundations of Christianity (1908) [7]
- The Road to Power (1909) [8]
- Are the Jews a Race? (1914) [9]
- The Dictatorship of the Proletariat (1918) [10]
- Terrorism and Communism (1919) [11]
- The Labour Revolution (1924) [12]
References
External links
Foundations of Christianity (German Der Ursprung des Christentums) is a 1908 book by Marxist theoretician Karl Kautsky.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic