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Karl Friedrich August Gützlaff, anglicized as Charles Gutzlaff, (8 July 1803–9 August 1851) was a German missionary to the Far East, notable as one of the first Protestant missionaries in Bangkok, Thailand and for his books about China. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (krūŋtʰêːp máhǎːnákʰɔn) or Krung Thep ( for short is the Capital, largest The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National He was one of the first Protestant missionaries in China to dress like a Chinese. His Chinese name was 郭實臘 (pinyin: Guō Shílà) or 郭士立 (pinyin: Guō Shìlì) - Gutzlaff Street in Hong Kong was named after him. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Gutzlaff Street ( is a lane in the Central district of Hong Kong, China, crossing Stanley Street, Wellington Street, Gage Street Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders
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Life
Born at Pyritz, Pomerania, he was apprenticed to a saddler in Stettin, but was able to secure admission to Padagogium in Halle, and associated himself with the Janike Institute in Berlin. Pyrzyce (Pyritz Kashubian: Pirzëce) is a town in Pomerania, north-western Poland, with 13331 inhabitants ( 2007) Capital Halle is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.
The Netherlands Missionary Society sent him to Java in 1826, where he learned Chinese. Netherlands Missionary Society was an Dutch Protestant missionary society that was involved in sending workers to countries such as China during the Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Gutzlaff left the society in 1828, and went first to Singapore, then to Bangkok with Jacob Tomlin of the London Missionary Society, where he worked on a translation of the Bible into Thai. The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Singapore Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (krūŋtʰêːp máhǎːnákʰɔn) or Krung Thep ( for short is the Capital, largest Jacob Tomlin was a Protestant Christian missionary who served with the London Missionary Society during the late Qing Dynasty in China The London Missionary Society was a non-denominational Missionary society formed in England in 1795 by evangelical Anglicans and Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Thai (th ภาษาไทย, transcription: phasa thai, transliteration:; pʰāːsǎːtʰāj is the national and He made a brief trip to Singapore in December 1829, where he married a single English missionary Maria Newell. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Maria Newell Gützlaff ( 4 August 1794 - 16 February 1831) was an English Missionary, Teacher and Translator The two returned to Bangkok in February 1830 where they worked on a dictionary of Cambodian and Lao. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Khmer (ភាសាខ្មែរ or Cambodian, is the language of the Khmer people and the official language of Cambodia. Lao or Laotian (BGN/PCGN phasa lao IPA: pʰaːsaː laːw is a Tonal Language of the Tai-Kadai language family Before the work was completed, however, Mary died in childbirth, leaving a considerable inheritance. Parkes remarried Mary Wanstall in 1834. The second Mrs. Gutzlaff ran a school and a home for the blind in Macau. She died in 1849. Gutzlaff's third marriage was to Dorothy Gabriel in England in 1850.
In Macau, and later in Hong Kong, Gutzlaff worked on a Chinese translation of the Bible, published a Chinese-language magazine, Eastern Western Monthly Magazine, and wrote Chinese-language books on practical subjects. Early life Son of James Morrison a Scottish farm laborer and Hannah Nicholson an English woman who were both active members of the Scottish Presbyterian Church. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The following is a Timeline of the History of China. Between the changing of the dynasties, most dates overlap as ruling periods do not transfer immediately This timeline of Christian missions chronicles the global expansion of Christianity through a sampling of missionary outreach events Christianity in China is a growing minority religion that comprises Protestants (called 基督教 Jī dū jiào or Christ Religion) Catholics See also Christianity in China First Centuries Some Christian tradition suggests that St See also Christianity in China The second major thrust of Christianity into China occurred during the Thirteenth century. The history of the missions of the Jesuits in China in the early modern era stands as one of the notable events in the early history of relations between China and See also Protestantism in China China and the West were virtually unaware of each other’s civilizations until the nineteenth century Youth and early work Taylor was born in Barnsley, Yorkshire, England, the son of a chemist ( Pharmacist) and Methodist The Lammermuir Party of 1866 May 26, 1866 &ndash September 30, 1866) !-->was a British Protestant Christian Virginia plantation roots Moon was born to affluent parents who were staunch Baptists Anna Maria Barclay and Edward Harris Moon The Cambridge Seven were seven students from Cambridge University, who in 1885 decided to become missionaries in China; the seven were Charles Eric Henry Liddell ( January 16, 1902 – February 21, 1945) was a Scottish athlete and Rugby Union international Beginning in 1807 with the arrival of Robert Morrison of the London Missionary Society and ending in 1953 with the departure of Arthur and Wilda Mathews of the OMF International (formerly Overseas Missionary Fellowship and before that the China Inland Mission before 1964 is an interdenominational The London Missionary Society was a non-denominational Missionary society formed in England in 1795 by evangelical Anglicans and The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM was the first American Christian foreign mission agency The Church Mission Society, known as the Church Missionary Society in Australia and New Zealand is a group of evangelistic societies working with the Anglican Church American Presbyterian Mission was an American Presbyterian missionary society operated by the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, Main article List of Protestant missionary societies Protestant missionary societies in China 1807-1953 See also Bible translations (Taiwanese The creation of Chinese Bible Translations began in the nineteenth century but availability only became widespread in the early Medical missions in China by Protestant Christian Physicians and Surgeons of the 19th and early 20th centuries laid many foundations for modern The Manchurian revival of 1908 was a period of spiritual renewal in the life of the Protestant Christians at churches and mission stations in Manchuria The following colleges and universities were originally founded by Christian organizations Colleges and universities Anglo-Chinese College Xiamen A List of Chinese Christian Hymn Books published between 1807-1912 The Romanization of Chinese is the use of the Latin alphabet to write Chinese Standard Cantonese is the standard variant of the Cantonese (Yuet language Opium is a Narcotic formed from the Latex (ie sap released by lacerating (or "scoring" the immature seed pods of opium poppies ( The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China The Opium Wars ( also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, lasted from 1839 to 1842 and 1856 to 1860 the climax of a trade dispute between China under the Qing Unequal Treaties is a term used in reference to the type of Treaties signed by several East Asian states including Qing Dynasty China, late The Yangzhou riot of August 22 - 23, 1868 was a brief crisis in Anglo-Chinese relations during the late Qing Dynasty. The Tianjin Massacre ( Chinese: 天津教案 Pinyin: Tiānjīn Jiào'àn occurred in Tianjin in 1870 The Boxer Rebellion, or Boxer Movement, was an uprising by members of the Chinese Society of Right and Harmonious Fists against foreign influence The Xinhai Revolution or Shinhai Revolution ( also known as the 1911 Revolution or the Chinese Revolution, began with the Wuchang Uprising The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Liang Fa (梁發 Pinyin: Liang2 Fa1 (梁發 1789 - 1855 was the first Chinese Protestant minister and evangelist. Keuh Agong or Kew Ah Gung, Kew A-Gang, Wat Ngong, Wat Angong or simply Agong (1785 &ndash 1867 was a Chinese Protestant Sun Yat-sen ( November 12, 1866 &ndash March 12, 1925) was a Chinese Revolutionary and political leader often Feng Yuxiang ( (1882&ndash1948 was a Warlord during Republican China. John Sung Shang Chieh ( aka John Sung ( 29 September 1901 – 18 August 1944) was a renowned Chinese Christian Wang Mingdao ( (1900-1991 was a Chinese Christian Protestant leader Allen Yuan Xiangchen (1914 &ndash August 16, 2005) was a Chinese Protestant Christian pastor Samuel Lamb or Lin Xiangao ( b October 4, 1924) is a Christian Pastor in Guangzhou, China. In 1834 he published Journal of Three Voyages along the Coast of China in 1831, 1832 and 1833. Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Along the way he handed out tracts which had been prepared by another pioneer missionary to China, Robert Morrison.
In 1840, a group of four people (Walter Henry Medhurst, Charles Gutzlaff, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, and John Robert Morrison) cooperated to translate the Bible into Chinese. Early life As a young man Medhurst learned the business of a printer and typesetter Early life and Missionary career Bridgman was born in Belchertown Massachusetts to a Lieutenant Theodore Bridgman and his wife Lucretia (Warner who owned a farm at Pond John Robert Morrison ( Chinese 馬儒翰 April 17, 1814 - August 29, 1843) was the second son from Robert Morrison 's first The translation of the Hebrew part was done mostly by Gutzlaff , with the exception that the Pentateuch and the book of Joshua were done by the group collectively. This translation, completed in 1847, is very famous due to its adoption by the revolutionary peasant leader Hong Xiuquan of the Taipingtianguo movement (Taiping Rebellion) as some of the reputed early doctrines of the organization. Hóng Xiùquán ( January 1 1814 &ndash June 1 1864 born Hong Renkun (洪仁坤 Courtesy name Huoxiu (火秀 was a Hakka Chinese who The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China This Bible translation was a version (in High Wen-li, Traditional Chinese: 深文理) marvellously correct and faithful to the original.
Gutzlaff assisted in negotiations during the Opium War of 1840-42. The Opium Wars ( also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, lasted from 1839 to 1842 and 1856 to 1860 the climax of a trade dispute between China under the Qing Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common In response to the Chinese government's unwillingness to allow foreigners into the interior, he founded a school for "native missionaries" in 1844 and trained nearly fifty Chinese during its first four years. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Unfortunately, Gutzlaff's ideas outran his administrative ability. He wound up being victimized by his own native missionaries. They reported back to him glowing accounts of conversions and New Testaments sold. While some of Gutzlaff's native missionaries were genuine converts, others were opium addicts who never traveled to the places they claimed. Eager for easy money, they simply made up conversion reports and took the New Testaments which Gutzlaff provided and sold them back to the printer who resold them to Gutzlaff.
Shattered by the exposure of this fraud, Gutzlaff died in Hong Kong in 1851. However, the Chinese Evangelization Society which he formed lived on to send out Hudson Taylor who founded the successful China Inland Mission. The Chinese Evangelization Society was an early British Protestant Christian missionary society that was involved in sending workers to China Youth and early work Taylor was born in Barnsley, Yorkshire, England, the son of a chemist ( Pharmacist) and Methodist OMF International (formerly Overseas Missionary Fellowship and before that the China Inland Mission before 1964 is an interdenominational Taylor called Gutzlaff the grandfather of the China Inland Mission.
Works
- Journal of Three Voyages along the Coast of China in 1831, 1832 and 1833, with notices of Siam, Corea, and the Loo-Choo Islands (Desert Island Books, Westcliff-on-Sea, 2002)
- A Sketch of Chinese History, Ancient and Modern (London, 1834, German version in 1847)
- China Opened (1838)
- Life of Tao Kwang (1851)
Bibliography
- Herman Schlyter, Der China-Missionar Karl Gützlaff und seine Heimatbasis: Studien über das Interesse des Abendlandes an der Mission des China-Pioniers Karl Gützlaff und über seinen Einsatz als Missionserwecker (Lund: LiberLäromedel/Gleerup, 1976) ISBN 9140043738
- Winfried Scharlau (ed. ), "Gützlaffs Bericht über drei Reisen in den Seeprovinzen Chinas 1831-1833" (Hamburg: Abera Verlag, 1997) ISBN 3934376134
- Thoralf Klein/Reinhard Zöllner (eds. ), "Karl Gützlaff (1803-1851) und das Christentum in Ostasien: Ein Missionar zwischen den Kulturen" (Nettetal: Institut Monumenta Serica, Sankt Augustin/Steyler Verlag, 2005) ISBN 3805005202
- Waley, Arthur, The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes (1958)
External links
- Article about Gutzlaff being duped by Chinese converts
- Scanned version of the Journal at Singapore
- University of Hong Kong library page about book and Gutzlaff
- In-print edition of Journal of Three Voyages...
- "Gutzlaff, Karl Friedrich August," Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gützlaff, Karl Friedrich August |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Gutzlaff, Charles ; Gutzlaff, Karl |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Missionary in China |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 8, 1803 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Pyritz, Pomerania, Germany |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 9, 1851 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Hong Kong, China |
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