Karl Friedrich Benz, sometimes spelled Carl, (November 25, 1844, Karlsruhe, Germany – April 4, 1929, Ladenburg, Germany) was a German engine designer and automobile engineer, generally regarded as the inventor of the gasoline-powered automobile. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ladenburg is a town in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method form device or other useful means Other German contemporaries, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, also worked independently on the same type of invention, but Benz patented his work first and, after that, patented all of the processes that made the internal combustion engine feasible for use in automobiles. Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler ( March 17, 1834 - March 6, 1900) was an Engineer, Industrial designer and Industrialist Wilhelm Maybach ˈmaibax ( February 9, 1846 &ndash December 29, 1929) was an early German engine designer and industrialist A patent is a set of Exclusive rights granted by a State to an inventor or his assignee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a In 1879 Benz was granted a patent for his first engine, which he designed in 1878. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

In 1885, Karl Benz created the Motorwagen, the first commercial automobile. The Karl Benz Patent Motorwagen (or motorcar built in 1885, is widely regarded as the first Automobile, that is a vehicle designed to be propelled It was powered by a four-stroke gasoline engine, which was his own design. The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a He was granted a patent for his automobile which was dated January 29, 1886. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The automobile had three wheels, being steered by the front wheel and with the passengers and the engine being supported by the two wheels in the rear—some now refer to it as the Tri-Car.

Among other things, he invented the speed regulation system known also as an accelerator, ignition using sparks from a battery, the spark plug, the clutch, the gear shift, the water radiator, and the carburetor. A throttle is the mechanism by which the flow of a fluid is managed by constriction or obstruction A throttle is the mechanism by which the flow of a fluid is managed by constriction or obstruction An ignition system is a system for igniting a fuel-air mixture Electrostatic discharge ( ESD) is the sudden and momentary Electric current that flows between two objects at different Electrical potentials The term is In electronics a battery is a combination of two or more Electrochemical cells which store chemical Energy which can be converted into electrical energy A spark plug (also very rarely nowadays in British English: a sparking plug) is an electrical device that fits into the Cylinder A clutch is a mechanism for transmitting rotation which can be engaged and disengaged The gear shift is the part of the Gearbox which has the shift forks and allows the contact from the driver to the synchronization Radiators and convectors are types of Heat exchangers designed to transfer Thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling A carburetor (North American spelling or carburettor ( Commonwealth spelling) is a device that blends air and Fuel for an Internal ^[1]

In 1893, Benz also introduced the axle-pivot steering system in his Victoria model. An axle is a central shaft for a rotating Wheel or Gear. In some cases the axle may be fixed in position with a bearing or Bushing Steering is the term applied to the collection of components linkages etc The Benz Victoria was designed for two passengers and intended to be sold for a lower cost to encourage mass production of the automobile. Mass production (also called flow production, repetitive flow production, series production, or serial production) is the production of

In 1896, Karl Benz designed and patented the first internal combustion flat engine with horizontally-opposed pistons, a design that is still used in some high performance engines used in racing cars. A flat engine is an Internal combustion engine with pistons that are all relatively horizontal Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing or car racing) is a Motorsport involving Racing Cars It

Karl Benz founded the Benz Company, precursor of Daimler-Benz, DaimlerChrysler, and Daimler AG. The Karl Benz Patent Motorwagen (or motorcar built in 1885, is widely regarded as the first Automobile, that is a vehicle designed to be propelled Daimler-Benz AG was a German manufacturer of automobiles motor vehicles and engines which was founded in 1926 Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and Before dying he would witness the explosion of automobile use during the 1920s, thanks to his inventions.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Benz's Factory and his first inventions (1871 to 1882) 3 Benz's Gasmotoren-Fabrik Mannheim (1882 to 1883) 4 Benz & Cie. and the Motorwagen 5 Benz & Cie. expansion 6 Benz Söhne (1906 to 1923) 7 Toward Daimler-Benz and the Mercedes Benz of 1926 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links

Early life

Karl Benz was born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant, in Karlsruhe, Baden, which is part of modern Germany, to Josephine Vaillant and a locomotive driver, Johann George Benz, whom she married a few months later. Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A locomotive is a railway Vehicle that provides the motive power for a Train. ^{[2] [3] [4] [5] [6]} When he was two years old, his father was killed in a railway accident, and his name was changed to Karl Friedrich Benz in remembrance of his father. ^[7]

Despite living near poverty, his mother strove to give him a good education. Benz attended the local Grammar School in Karlsruhe and was a prodigious student. A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries List of child prodigies|Fictional child prodigies A child prodigy is a one who masters one or more skills or arts at an early age In 1853, at the age of nine he started at the scientifically oriented Lyzeum. Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Next he studied in the Poly-Technical University under the instruction of Ferdinand Redtenbacher. The University of Karlsruhe, also known as Fridericiana, was founded in 1825 Ferdinand Jakob Redtenbacher (* July 25 1809 in Steyr; † April 16 1863 in Karlsruhe) is considered as the founder of

Benz had originally focused his studies on locksmithing, but eventually followed his father's steps toward locomotive engineering. Locksmithing began as the science and art of making and defeating locks On September 30, 1860, at age fifteen, he passed the entrance exam for mechanical engineering at the University of Karlsruhe, which he subsequently attended. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Mechanical Engineering is an Engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis Design, Manufacturing The University of Karlsruhe, also known as Fridericiana, was founded in 1825 Benz was graduated July 9, 1864 at nineteen. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

During these years, while riding his bicycle, he started to envision concepts for a vehicle that would eventually become the horseless carriage. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind The automotive Brass Era is the first period of automotive manufacturing named for the prominent Brass Fittings used during this time for such things as lights and

Following his formal education, Benz had seven years of professional training in several companies, but did not fit well in any of them. This article is about people called professionals For the Movie, see The Professional or Leon. The training started in Karlsruhe with two years of varied jobs in a mechanical engineering company. The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge skills and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge Mechanical Engineering is an Engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis Design, Manufacturing

He then moved to Mannheim to work as a draftsman and designer in a scales factory. Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart A technical drawing is a form of graphic communication This type of Drawing is used in the transforming of an idea into physical form A designer is a person who designs something Perhaps the broadest definition is that provided by Herbert Simon: ‘Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing A weighing scale (usually just "scale" in common usage except in Australian English where "scales" is more common is a Measuring instrument for In 1868 he went to Pforzheim to work for a bridge building company Gebrüder Benckiser Eisenwerke und Maschinenfabrik. Pforzheim is a town of nearly 119000 inhabitants in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwest Germany at the gate to the Black Forest. A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water Finally, he went to Vienna for a short period to work at an iron construction company. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 In the fields of Architecture and Civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the Building or assembling of Infrastructure

Benz's Factory and his first inventions (1871 to 1882)

In 1871, at the age of twenty-seven, Karl Benz joined August Ritter in launching a mechanical workshop in Mannheim, also dedicated to supplying construction materials: the Iron Foundry and Mechanical Workshop, later renamed, Factory for Machines for Sheet-metal Working. Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart

The enterprise's first year was a complete disaster. Ritter turned out to be unreliable and local authorities confiscated the business. The difficulty was solved when Benz's fiancée, Bertha Ringer, bought out Ritter's share in the company using her dowry. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** Bertha Benz (née Ringer) (born 3 May 1849 in Pforzheim, Germany, married inventor Karl Benz on 20 July [1]

In July 20, 1872 Karl Benz and Bertha Ringer married, later having five children: Eugen (1873), Richard (1874), Clara (1877), Thilde (1882), and Ellen (1890). Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

Despite such business misfortunes, Karl Benz led in the development of new engines. An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input To get more revenues, in 1878 he began to work on new patents. A patent is a set of Exclusive rights granted by a State to an inventor or his assignee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an First, he concentrated all his efforts on creating a reliable gas two-stroke engine, based on Nikolaus Otto's design of the four-stroke engine. The two-stroke Internal combustion engine differs from the more common Four-stroke engine by completing the same four processes (intake compression combustion exhaust Nicolaus August Otto ( June 14, 1832 Holzhausen an der Haide, Nassau - January 26, 1891 Cologne) was the German Today Internal combustion engines in cars, Trucks motorcycles aircraft construction machinery and many others most commonly use a four-stroke cycle. A patent on the design by Otto had been declared void. Benz finished his two-stroke engine on December 31, 1878, New Year's Eve, and was granted a patent for it in 1879. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Karl Benz showed his real genius, however, through his successive inventions registered while designing what would become the production standard for his two-stroke engine. A genius is a person of great Intelligence or remarkable abilities in a specific subject who shows an exceptional natural capacity of intellect and/or ability especially An invention is a new form composition of matter device or Process. Benz soon patented the speed regulation system, the ignition using sparks with battery, the spark plug, the carburetor, the clutch, the gear shift, and the water radiator. A throttle is the mechanism by which the flow of a fluid is managed by constriction or obstruction An ignition system is a system for igniting a fuel-air mixture In electronics a battery is a combination of two or more Electrochemical cells which store chemical Energy which can be converted into electrical energy A spark plug (also very rarely nowadays in British English: a sparking plug) is an electrical device that fits into the Cylinder A carburetor (North American spelling or carburettor ( Commonwealth spelling) is a device that blends air and Fuel for an Internal A clutch is a mechanism for transmitting rotation which can be engaged and disengaged The gear shift is the part of the Gearbox which has the shift forks and allows the contact from the driver to the synchronization Radiators and convectors are types of Heat exchangers designed to transfer Thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling

Benz's Gasmotoren-Fabrik Mannheim (1882 to 1883)

Problems arose again when the banks at Mannheim demanded that Karl Benz's Gas Factory enterprise be incorporated due to the high production costs it maintained. A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money Incorporation (abbreviated Inc in US and Canadian business names is the forming of a new Corporation (a corporation being a legal entity Benz was forced to improvise an association with photographer Emil Bühler and his brother (a cheese merchant), in order to get additional bank support. A photographer is a person who takes a Photograph using a Camera. Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation. The company became the joint-stock company Gasmotoren Fabrik Mannheim in 1882. A joint stock company (JSC is a type of business entity it is a type of Corporation or Partnership.

After all the necessary agreements, Benz was unhappy because he was left with merely five percent of the shares and a modest position as director. In financial markets, a share is a Unit of account for various financial instruments including Stocks Mutual funds Limited partnerships Worst of all, his ideas weren't considered when designing new products, so he withdrew from that corporation just one year later, in 1883.

Benz & Cie. and the Motorwagen

1885 Benz Patent Motorwagen

Three wheels
Tubular steel frame
Rack and pinion steering, connected to a driver end tiller; wheel chained to front axle
Electric ignition
Differential rear end gears (mechanically operated inlet valves)
Water-cooled internal combustion engine
Gas or petrol four-stroke horizontally mounted engine
Single cylinder, Bore 116 mm, Stroke 160 mm
Patent model: 958 cc, 0. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Karl Benz Patent Motorwagen (or motorcar built in 1885, is widely regarded as the first Automobile, that is a vehicle designed to be propelled 8 hp, 600 W, 16 km/h
Commercialized model: 1600 cc, ¾ hp, 8 mph

Benz's lifelong hobby brought him to a bicycle repair shop in Mannheim owned by Max Rose and Friedrich Wilhelm Eßlinger. A hobby is a spare-time Recreational pursuit Etymology A Hobby horse is a wooden or Wickerwork toy made to be In 1883, the three founded a new company producing industrial machines: Benz & Company Rheinische Gasmotoren-Fabrik, usually referred to as, Benz & Cie. Karl Friedrich Benz, sometimes spelled Carl, ( November 25, 1844, Karlsruhe, Germany – April 4, 1929, Ladenburg Quickly growing to twenty-five employees, it soon began to produce gas engines as well.

The success of the company gave Benz the opportunity to indulge in his old passion of designing a horseless carriage. Based on his experience with, and fondness for, bicycles, he used similar technology when he created an automobile. It featured wire wheels (unlike carriages' wooden ones) ^[8] with a four-stroke engine of his own design between the rear wheels, with a very advanced coil ignition ^[9] and evaporative cooling rather than a radiator. ^[10] Power was transmitted by means of two roller chains to the rear axle. Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type of chain most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on Bicycles Motorcycles Karl Benz finished his creation in 1885 and named it the Benz Patent Motorwagen. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Karl Benz Patent Motorwagen (or motorcar built in 1885, is widely regarded as the first Automobile, that is a vehicle designed to be propelled

It was the first automobile entirely designed as such to generate its own power, not simply a motorized stage coach or horse carriage, which is why Karl Benz was granted his patent and is regarded as its inventor. An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method form device or other useful means

The beginnings of the Motorwagen in 1885 were less than spectacular. The tests often attracted many onlookers who laughed mockingly when it smashed against a wall because it initially was so difficult to control.

The Motorwagen was patented on January 29, 1886 as DRP-37435: "automobile fueled by gas". Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[11] The first successful tests were carried out in the early summer of 1886 on public roads. The next year Benz created the Motorwagen Model 2 which had several modifications, and in 1887, the definitive Model 3 with wooden wheels was introduced, showing at the Paris Expo the same year. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs ^[12]

Benz began to sell the vehicle—advertising it as the Benz Patent Motorwagen—making it the first commercially available automobile in history. The first customer, in late summer of 1888, is alleged later to have been committed to an insane asylum. The second buyer, Parisian bicycle manufacturer ^[13] Emile Roger, who purchased an 1888 Benz, had a profound effect on Benz's success. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind

Roger had been building Benz engines under license from Karl Benz for several years, and in 1888, decided to add the Benz automobiles to the line he carried in Paris. An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input The verb license or grant license means to give permission The noun license is the document demonstrating that permission Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Indeed, many of the early Benz automobiles were built in France and sold by Roger, since the Parisians were more inclined to purchase automobiles at the time. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Early customers faced significant problems. At the time, gasoline was available only from pharmacies that sold it as a cleaning product, and they didn't stock it in large quantities. The early-1888 version of the Motorwagen had to be pushed when driving up a steep hill. This limitation was rectified after Berta Benz made her famous trip driving one of the vehicles a great distance and suggested to her husband the addition of another gear. Bertha Benz (née Ringer) (born 3 May 1849 in Pforzheim, Germany, married inventor Karl Benz on 20 July

The popular story about this first long distance automobile trip is that, supposedly without the knowledge of her husband, on the morning of August 5, 1888, Berta Benz took this vehicle on a 106 km (65 mile) trip from Mannheim to Pforzheim to visit her mother, taking her sons Eugen and Richard with her. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pforzheim is a town of nearly 119000 inhabitants in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwest Germany at the gate to the Black Forest. In addition to having to locate fuel at pharmacies on the way, she also overcame various technical and mechanical problems and finally arrived at nightfall, announcing the achievement to Karl by telegram. It had been her intention to demonstrate the feasibility of using her husband's invention for travel and to obtain publicity that would make more people aware of it. Publicity is the deliberate attempt to manage the public's perception of a subject Today the event is celebrated annually in Germany with an antique automobile rally.

Benz's Model 3 made its wide-scale debut to the world in the 1889 World's Fair in Paris, and about twenty-five Motorwagens were built between 1886 and 1893. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Expo (short for "exposition" and also known as World Fair and World's Fair) is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

Benz & Cie. expansion

The great demand for stationary, static internal combustion engines forced Karl Benz to enlarge the factory in Mannheim, and in 1886 a new building located on Waldhofstrasse (operating until 1908) was added. The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a Benz & Cie. had grown in the interim from 50 employees in 1890 to 430 in 1899.

During the last years of the nineteenth century, Benz was the largest automobile company in the world with 572 units produced in 1899.

Because of its size, in 1899, Benz & Cie. became a joint-stock company with the arrival of Friedrich Von Fischer and Julius Ganß, who came aboard as members of the Board of Management. A joint stock company (JSC is a type of business entity it is a type of Corporation or Partnership. Ganß worked in the commercialization department, which is somewhat similar to marketing in contemporary corporations. In popular usage "marketing" is the promotion of products especially Advertising and Branding However in professional usage the term has a wider meaning of

The new directors recommended that Benz should create a less expensive automobile suitable for mass production. Mass production (also called flow production, repetitive flow production, series production, or serial production) is the production of In 1893, Karl Benz created the Victoria, a two-passenger automobile with a 3-hp engine, which could reach the top speed of 11 mph and had a pivotal front axle operated by a roller-chained tiller for steering. An axle is a central shaft for a rotating Wheel or Gear. In some cases the axle may be fixed in position with a bearing or Bushing Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type of chain most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on Bicycles Motorcycles A tiller or till is a Lever attached to a Rudder post (American terminology or Rudder stock (English terminology of a boat in order to provide Steering is the term applied to the collection of components linkages etc The model was successful with 85 units sold in 1893.

In 1894, Benz improved this design in his new Velo model. ^[14] This was produced on such a remarkably large scale for the era—1,200 total from 1894 to 1901—it may be considered the first production automobile. Mass production (also called flow production, repetitive flow production, series production, or serial production) is the production of ^[15] The Benz Velo also participated in the first automobile race, the 1894 Paris to Rouen Rally. Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing or car racing) is a Motorsport involving Racing Cars It

In 1895, Benz designed the first truck in history, with some of the units later modified by the first bus company: the Netphener, becoming the first buses in history. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year This article is about the semi-truck For the North American use of the word see Pickup truck.

In 1896, Karl Benz was granted a patent for his design of the first flat engine. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year A patent is a set of Exclusive rights granted by a State to an inventor or his assignee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an A flat engine is an Internal combustion engine with pistons that are all relatively horizontal It had horizontally-opposed pistons, a design in which the corresponding pistons reach top dead centre simultaneously, thus balancing each other with respect to momentum. A piston is a component of Reciprocating engines Pumps and Gas compressors It is located in a cylinder and is made gas-tight by Piston In Classical mechanics, momentum ( pl momenta SI unit kg · m/s, or equivalently N · s) is the product Flat engines with four or fewer cylinders are most commonly called boxer engines, boxermotor in German, and also are known as horizontally opposed engines. This design continues to be used.

Although Gottlieb Daimler died in March of 1900—and there is no evidence that Benz and Daimler knew each other nor that they knew about each other's early achievements—eventually, competition with Daimler Motors (DMG) in Stuttgart began to challenge the leadership of Benz & Cie. Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler ( March 17, 1834 - March 6, 1900) was an Engineer, Industrial designer and Industrialist Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler ( March 17, 1834 - March 6, 1900) was an Engineer, Industrial designer and Industrialist Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. In October of 1900 the main designer of DMG, Wilhelm Maybach, built the engine that would be used later, in the Mercedes-35hp of 1902. Wilhelm Maybach ˈmaibax ( February 9, 1846 &ndash December 29, 1929) was an early German engine designer and industrialist The Mercedes 35 hp was a radical early car model designed in 1901 by Wilhelm Maybach and Paul Daimler, for Emil Jellinek. The engine was built to the specifications of Emil Jellinek under a contract for him to purchase thirty-six vehicles with the engine and for him to become a dealer of the special series. Emil Jellinek, known after 1903 as Emil Jellinek-Mercedes ( 6 April 1853 &ndash 21 January 1918) was a wealthy European entrepreneur Jellinek stipulated the new engine be named Daimler-Mercedes (for his daughter). Maybach would quit DMG in 1907, but he designed the model and all of the important changes. After testing, the first was delivered to Jellinek on December 22, 1900. Jellinek continued to make suggestions for changes to the model and obtained good results racing the automobile in the next few years, encouraging DMG to engage in commercial production of automobiles, which they did in 1902.

Benz countered with Parsifil, introduced in 1903 with a vertical twin and a top speed of 37 mph. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Then, without consulting Benz, the other directors hired some French designers. France was a country with an extensive automobile industry based on Maybach's creations. Because of this action, after difficult discussions, Karl Benz announced his retirement from design management on January 24, 1903, although he remained as director on the Board of Management through its merger with DMG in 1926 and, remained on the board of the new Daimler-Benz corporation until his death in 1929. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting

Benz's sons Eugen and Richard left Benz & Cie. in 1903, but Richard returned to the company in 1904 as the designer of passenger vehicles.

That year, sales of Benz & Cie. The land speed record is the fastest speed achieved by any wheeled vehicle on land as opposed to one on water or in the air or on rails. reached 3,480 automobiles, and they remained the leading manufacturer of automobiles.

Along with continuing as a director of Benz & Cie. , Karl Benz soon would found another company—with his son, Eugen—closely held within the family, manufacturing automobiles under another brand and using a French spelling variant of Benz's first name for the first initial of the privately-held company (see discussion in the next section).

In 1909, the Blitzen Benz was built in Mannheim by Benz & Cie. The bird-beaked vehicle had a 21. 5-liter (1312ci), 200-horsepower engine, and on November 9, 1909 in the hands of Victor Hémery of France,^[16] the land speed racer at Brooklands, set a record of 202. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Victor Hémery ( November 18, 1876 - September 9, 1950) was a champion driver of early Grand Prix motor racing who was born in The land speed record is the fastest speed achieved by any wheeled vehicle on land as opposed to one on water or in the air or on rails. There is also a type of Windscreen known as "Brooklands" or "Brookland screen" 68 km/h (125. 94 mph), said to be "faster than any plane, train, or automobile" at the time, a record that was not exceeded for ten years by any other vehicle. It was transported to several countries, including the United States, to establish multiple records of this achievement.

Benz Söhne (1906 to 1923)

Karl Benz, Bertha Benz, and their son, Eugen, moved 10 km east of Mannheim to live in nearby Ladenburg, and solely with their own capital, founded the private company, C. Ladenburg is a town in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Benz Sons (German: Benz Söhne) in 1906, producing automobiles and gas engines. The latter type was replaced by petrol engines because lack of demand.

This company never issued stocks publicly, building its own line of automobiles independently from Benz & Cie. , which was located in Mannheim. The Benz Sons automobiles were of good quality and became popular in London as taxis. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride

In 1912, Karl Benz liquidated all of his shares in Benz Sons and left this family-held company in Ladenburg to Eugen and Richard, but he remained as a director of Benz & Cie.

During a birthday celebration for him in his home town of Karlsruhe on November 25, 1914, the seventy year-old Karl Benz was awarded an honorary doctorate by his alma mater, the Karlsruhe University, thereby becoming—Dr. Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding The University of Karlsruhe, also known as Fridericiana, was founded in 1825 Ing. h. c. Karl Benz.

Almost from the very beginning of the production of automobiles, participation in sports car racing became a major method to gain publicity for manufacturers. Sports car racing is a form of circuit Auto racing with Automobiles that have two seats and enclosed wheels At first, the production models were raced and the Benz Velo participated in the first automobile race: Paris to Rouen 1894. Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing or car racing) is a Motorsport involving Racing Cars It Later, investment in developing racecars for motorsports produced returns through sales generated by the association of the name of the automobile with the winners. Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing or car racing) is a Motorsport involving Racing Cars It Unique race vehicles were built at the time, as seen in the photograph here of the Benz, the first mid-engine and aerodynamically designed, Tropfenwagen, a "teardrop" body introduced at the 1923 European Grand Prix at Monza. A mid-engine layout describes the placement of an Automobile engine between the rear and front axles Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The European Grand Prix (sometimes referred to as the Grand Prix of Europe) is a Formula One event that was reintroduced during the mid-1980s and has been held Autodromo Nazionale Monza is a Motorsport Race track near the town of Monza, Italy, north of Milan.

In the last production year of the Benz Sons company, 1923, three hundred and fifty units were built. During the following year, 1924, Karl Benz built two additional 8/25 hp units of the automobile manufactured by this company, tailored for his personal use, which he never sold; they are still preserved.

Toward Daimler-Benz and the Mercedes Benz of 1926

During the First World War, Benz & Cie. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All and Daimler Motors (DMG) both had massively increased their production for the war effort. After the conflict ended, both manufacturers resumed their normal activities, but the German economy was chaotic. The automobile was considered a luxury item and as such, was charged a 15% extra tax. At the same time, the country suffered a severe lack of petroleum. To survive this difficult situation, in 1919 Benz & Cie. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common proposed a cooperation suggested by Karl Benz through a representative, Karl Jahn, but DMG rejected the proposal in December.

The German economic crisis worsened. In 1923 Benz & Cie. produced only 1,382 units in Mannheim, and DMG made only 1,020 in Stuttgart. The average cost of an automobile was 25 million marks because of rapid inflation. The name Papiermark (paper mark is applied to the German currency from the point in 1914 when the link between the Mark and gold was abandoned due to the outbreak Negotiations between the two companies resumed and in 1924 they signed an Agreement of Mutual Interest valid until the year 2000. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Both enterprises standardized design, production, purchasing, sales, and advertising—marketing their automobile models jointly—although keeping their respective brands.

On June 28, 1926, Benz & Cie. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. and DMG finally merged as the Daimler-Benz company, baptizing all of its automobiles Mercedes Benz honoring the most important model of the DMG automobiles, the 1902 Mercedes-35hp, along with the Benz name. Daimler-Benz AG was a German manufacturer of automobiles motor vehicles and engines which was founded in 1926 Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the The Mercedes 35 hp was a radical early car model designed in 1901 by Wilhelm Maybach and Paul Daimler, for Emil Jellinek. The name of that DMG model had been selected after ten-year-old Mercedes Jellinek, the daughter of Emil Jellinek (by then one of DMG's partners) who had set the specifications for the new model. Adriana Manuela Ramona Jellinek called Mércédès was the daughter of Austrian automobile entrepreneur Emil Jellinek and his wife Rachel Goggmann Cenrobert Emil Jellinek, known after 1903 as Emil Jellinek-Mercedes ( 6 April 1853 &ndash 21 January 1918) was a wealthy European entrepreneur Benz was a member of the new Board of Management for the remainder of his life. A new logo was created, consisting of a three pointed star (representing Daimler's motto: "engines for land, air, and water") surrounded by traditional laurels from the Benz logo, and was labeled Mercedes-Benz. A logo ( Greek el λογότυπος = el-Latn logotypos is a graphical element ( Ideogram, Symbol, Emblem, Icon, Sign) A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The Bay Laurel ( Laurus nobilis, Lauraceae) also known as True Laurel, Sweet Bay, Grecian Laurel, Laurel, or Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the

The next year, 1927, the number of units sold tripled to 7,918 and the diesel line was launched for truck production. Diesel or Diesel fuel (ˈdiːzəl in general is any Fuel used in Diesel engines The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum In 1928 the Mercedes Benz SS was presented. Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the

On April 4, 1929, Karl Benz died at home in Ladenburg at the age of eighty-four from a bronchial inflammation in his lungs. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bronchitis is an Inflammation of the Bronchi. More specifically it may refer to Acute bronchitis, caused by viruses or bacteria and lasting lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive Until her death on May 5, 1944, Bertha Benz continued to reside in their last home. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bertha Benz (née Ringer) (born 3 May 1849 in Pforzheim, Germany, married inventor Karl Benz on 20 July Members of the family resided in the home for thirty more years. The Benz home now has been designated as historic and is used as a scientific meeting facility for a nonprofit foundation, the Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation, that honors both Bertha and Karl Benz for their roles in the history of automobiles.

See also

• Benz (unit)

Notes

References

• Benz, Carl (2001). Lebensfahrt eines deutschen Erfinders : meine Erinnerungen / Karl Benz. München: Koehler und Amelang. ISBN 3-7338-0302-7.   (German) (autobiography)[2]

The life of a German inventor: my memories / Karl Benz

• Benz, Carl Friedrich (c1925). Lebensfahrt eines deutschen erfinders; erinnerungen eines achtzigjahrigen. Leipzig: Koehler & Amelang.   (German) (first edition) (bibrec)

The life of a German inventor; memories of an octogenarian

• Mercedes-Benz AG (Hrsg. ), Benz & Cie. : Zum 150. Geburtstag von Karl Benz, Motorbuch Verlag: Stuttgart, 1994 1. Aufl. 296 S. , 492 Abb. , 124 in Farbe, ISBN 3-613-01643-5, (German) (biography)

Benz & Cie. : On the Occasion of the 150th Birthday of Karl Benz

• Seherr-Thoss, Hans Christoph, Graf von (1988). Zwei Männer - ein Stern : Gottlieb Daimler und Karl Benz in Bildern, Daten und Dokumenten. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag. ISBN 3-18-400851-7.   (German) [3]

Two men - one star: Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz in pictures, data and documents

• Seidel, Winfried A. (2005). Carl Benz : eine badische Geschichte ; die Vision vom "pferdelosen Wagen" verändert die Welt. Weinheim: Ed. Diesbach. ISBN 3-936468-29-X.   (German) (biography) Image of cover. (German) [4]

Carl Benz: a Baden history; the vision of the "horseless car" changes the world

• Siebertz, Paul (1950). Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. Karl Benz : Ein Pionier der Motorisierung. Stuttgart: Reclam.   (German) [5]

Karl Benz : A pioneer of motorization

External links

• Brief biographies of Karl Benz and Bertha Benz, with portraits, an extensive archive, and detailed histories presented at the Mercedes-Benz Museum. [6]
• Mercedes-Benz corporate archives [7], company archives [8], history [9], media management archives [10], and publications [11]
• copies of the honorary doctorate and Baden State medal in gold, both awarded to Karl Benz in his lifetime.
• Das Automuseum Dr. Carl Benz in der alten Benz Fabrik (German) is the Dr. Carl Benz Auto Museum created by a private group in 1996 [12] in a former Benz factory for an ancillary business founded with his sons in Ladenburg, which was separate from his major companies. Ladenburg is a town in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The company opened in 1906 and closed in 1923, the site has a description of this museum and contemporary photographs [13] with "C. BENZ SÖHNE KG" painted on the building, which contains historical photographs, some restored automobiles, and a chronology of the life of Karl Benz
• Karl Benz on 3-wheelers.com
• The Karl Benz family grave site in Ladenburg The urn contains the ashes of their son, Richard Benz, and the inscription on the gavestone reads:[14]

Dr. Ing. h. c. Karl Benz

Geb. 26. Nov. 1844

Ges. 4. April 1929

Bertha Benz

Geb. Ringer

Geb. 3. Mai. 1849

Ges. 4. Mai. 1944

• The Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation founded in 1986 at the last residence of Bertha and Karl Benz in Ladenburg.

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