Karachi ڪراچي
—  City District  —
Karachi City District
The mausoleum of Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Logo
Location within Pakistan
Karachi Location within Pakistan
Coordinates: 24°51′36″N 67°00′36″E / 24.86, 67.01
Country	Pakistan
Province	Sindh
Municipal Committee	1853
Municipal Corporation	1933
Metropolitan Corporation	1976
City District Government	14th August 2001
City Council	City Complex, Gulshan Town
Towns	18 Baldia Bin Qasim Gadap Gulberg Gulshan Jamshed Kiamari Korangi Landhi Liaquatabad Lyari Malir New Karachi North Nazimabad Orangi Saddar Shah Faisal SITE
Government [1]
- Type	City District
- City Nazim	Mustafa Kamal (MQM)
- Naib Nazim	Nasreen Jalil
Area [2]
- Total	3,527 km² (1,356 sq mi)
Elevation	8 m (26 ft)
Population (2008)[3]
- Total	12,461,423
- Density	3,533. Muhammad Ali Jinnah Urdu: (December 25 1876 – September 11 1948 was a Pakistani politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Currently the internationally recognized territory of Pakistan is subdivided into four provinces and two territories Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. Baldia Town is a town located in the western part of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan with a population of more than 400000 at the 1998 census Bin Qasim Town is a town located in the southeastern part of Karachi along the Arabian Sea and the Indus River delta Gadap Town (گڏاپ ٽائون is a town located in the northwestern part of Karachi with the Hub River on its western limits also forming the provincial border Gulshan Town is one of the towns in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan Known as Gulshan-e-Iqbal Jamshed Town is the largest of the towns in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan and lies in the central part of Karachi Kiamari Town (also spelt Keamari and Kemari is the main coastal town of Karachi, located in the central and western parts of the city including the Port of Karachi Korangi Town is a town in the eastern parts of Karachi, Pakistan, south of the Malir River. Landhi Town is a large industrial town in the eastern part of Karachi, Pakistan. Liaquatabad Town ( Urdu: لیا قت آباد) is a town in the central part of Karachi, Pakistan named after Liaquat Ali Khan Lyari Town is one of the eighteen constituent towns of the city of Karachi, in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Malir Town is a small densely populated town located in the Eastern part of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. New Karachi Town is a small densely populated town in the northern part of Karachi, located between the Lyari River, the Manghopir Hills and two major North Nazimabad Town ( Urdu: شمالی ناظم آباد) is a Town in the northern part of Karachi, named as such in reference to it Orangi Town is a small densely populated town in the northwestern part of Karachi (Pakistan It is bordered by New Karachi Town to the north across the Shahrah-e-Zahid Saddar Town is a small densely populated town in the central part of old Karachi. Shah Faisal Town is a small densely populated town in eastern Karachi and is named after the late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. SITE Town is a small densely populated town in western part of Karachi Pakistan and is named after the Sindh Industrial Trading Estate which forms the heart of the town Mustafa Kamal is the District City Nazim (Mayor of Karachi. Mr Nasreen Jalil ( 22 February, 1947 in Lahore) is currently the Naib Nazim of the district of Karachi, Sindh Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To aid in the comparison of sizes of different geographic regions areas between 1  Km² (100 Hectares and 10 km² (1000 hectares are listed below The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2/km² (9,189. 8/sq mi)
Time zone	PST (UTC+5)
Area code(s)	021
Website: http://www.karachicity.gov.pk City-District Government of Karachi

Karachi (help·info) (Sindhi: ڪراچي, Urdu: كراچى) is the provincial capital of Sindh province and the largest city in Pakistan. Pakistan Standard Time (PST is the time zone for Pakistan. It is usually 5 hours ahead of GMT though as of June 1 2008 it is 6 hours ahead due to the use of DST to help decrease UTC+5 is the Timezone for Pakistan Standard Time West Asia Standard Time. A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Sindhi ( Arabic script: سنڌي Devanagari script: सिन्धी Sindhī) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Currently the internationally recognized territory of Pakistan is subdivided into four provinces and two territories Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. The twenty most populated Urban areas of Pakistan host about one-fourth of the country's total population Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and It is also, population-wise, the second largest city in the world^[4] and is located on the northern shores of the Arabian Sea, west of the Indus River Delta. This is a list of the most populous cities of the World defined according to the concept of city proper. The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: The Indus River Delta forms where the Indus River flows into the Arabian Sea in Pakistan. It was the original capital of Pakistan and remains the cultural and economic hub, as well as the largest seaport of the country. Its leading economic sectors include finance, business services, transportation, media, television production, publishing, software, medical research, education and tourism.

Spread over 3,530 square kilometres (1,363 sq mi), the city and suburbs comprise the world's twentieth largest metropolitan area. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. ^[5] The city credits its growth to the mixed populations of economic and political migrants and refugees from different national, provincial, linguistic and religious origins who have largely come to settle here permanently. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race It is locally termed as the "City of Lights" (روشنين جو شهر) for its liveliness and the "City of the Quaid" (شهرِ قائد), having been the birth and burial place of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, as well as his home after 1947. Muhammad Ali Jinnah Urdu: (December 25 1876 – September 11 1948 was a Pakistani politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan Residents of Karachi are called "Karachiites".

Contents 1 History 2 Geography and climate 3 Government 4 Demographics 5 Economy 6 Culture 7 Education 8 Sports 9 Transport 10 Challenges of rapid expansion 11 Karachi in Popular Culture of Sindh 12 Sister Cities 13 See also 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External links

History

Main article: History of Karachi

The Baloch tribes from Balochistan and Makran established a small settlement of fishing communities,^[6] many of whom still inhabit sections of Sindh, and called it Kolachi. The Baloch ( بلوچ; alternative transliterations Baluch Balouch Bloach Balooch Balush Balosh Baloosh Baloush) are an Iranian people inhabiting Balochistan or Baluchistan is an arid Region located in the Iranian Plateau in Southwest Makran ( Urdu / Persian: مکران) is a semi-desert coastal strip in the south of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan, along The modern port-city of Karachi, however, was developed by authorities of the British Raj in the 19th century. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Upon the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the city was selected to become the national capital, and was settled by Muslim immigrants from India, which radically expanded the city's population and transformed the demographics and economy. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Karachi has faced major infrastructural and socio-economic challenges, but modern industries and businesses have developed in the city.

The area of Karachi was known to the ancient Greeks by many names: Krokola, the place where Alexander the Great camped to prepare a fleet for Babylonia after his campaign in the Indus valley; 'Morontobara' (probably Manora island near Karachi harbour), from where Alexander's admiral Nearchus set sail; and Barbarikon, a port of the Indo-Greek Bactrian kingdom. Krokola was an ancient port located in what is now the modern city of Karachi, in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) with Babylon as its capital The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd Manora or Manoro (جزیرہ منوڑا is a small island (25 km² located just south of the Port of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The Port of Karachi ( Urdu: بندر گاہ كراچى) is Pakistan 's largest and busiest seaport, handling Nearchus (or Nearchos) (c 360 - 300 BC was one of the officers a Navarch, in the army of Alexander the Great. Barbarikon was the name of a Sea port near the modern-day city of Karachi, Pakistan, important in the Hellenistic era in Indian Ocean The Indo-Greek Kingdom (or sometimes Graeco-Indian Kingdom) covered various parts of the northwest and northern Indian subcontinent during the last two centuries "Bactrian" redirects here For the camel see Bactrian camel. It was later known to the Arabs as Debal, the starting point for Muhammad bin Qasim and his army in 712 CE. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Debal was a port located at modern Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. In Arabic it was usually called Daybul (Dīwal ~ Dībal ديبل) Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (محمد بن قاسم (c 31 December, 695 &ndash 18 July, 715) born Muhammad bin Qasim bin Yusuf Sakifi Events By Place Europe Ansprand succeeds Aripert as king of the Lombards.

The city was visited by Ottoman Admiral Sidi Ali Reis in 1550s and mentioned in his book Mirat ul Memalik (The Mirror of Countries), 1557 CE ^[7]. Seydi Ali Reis (1498 &ndash 1563 was an Ottoman Admiral. He commanded the left wing of the Turkish fleet at the naval Battle of Preveza in 1538 Mirat ul Memalik is a historical book written by Ottoman Admiral Sidi Ali Reis about his travels in South Asia, Central Asia and The present city started life as a fishing settlement when a Sindhi fisherwoman called Mai Kolachi took up residence and started a family. Mai Kolachi (Lady Kolachi an old fisher woman who settled near the delta of the Indus River to start a community The village that later grew out of this settlement was known as Kolachi-jo-Goth (Village of Kolachi in Sindhi). Sindhi ( Arabic script: سنڌي Devanagari script: सिन्धी Sindhī) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia By the late 1700s the village was trading across the Arabian Sea with Muscat and the Persian Gulf region. The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: Muscat ( Arabic: مسقط) is the Capital and largest city of the Sultanate of Oman. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the A small fort was constructed for its protection, armed with cannons imported from Muscat. The fort had two main gateways: one facing the sea, known as Kharra Darwaaza (Brackish Gate) and the other facing the Lyari River known as the Mitta Darwaaza (Sweet Gate) ^[8]. Lyari River ( Urdu:لیاری ندی is a small Ephemeral Stream that flows through the Pakistani Megacity of Karachi The location of these gates correspond to the modern areas of Kharadar (Khārā Dar) and Mithadar (Mīṭhā Dar).

In 1795, the village became a domain of the Balochi Talpur rulers. Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Baloch ( بلوچ; alternative transliterations Baluch Balouch Bloach Balooch Balush Balosh Baloosh Baloush) are an Iranian people inhabiting Talpur ( Sindhi: ٽالپور ( Urdu: تالپور is a Baloch tribe and is settled in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan A small factory was opened by the British in September 1799, but was closed down within a year. After sending a couple of exploratory missions to the area, the British East India Company conquered the town on February 3, 1839. The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or The town was later annexed to the British Indian Empire when Sindh was conquered by Charles James Napier in 1843. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. For the naval officer of the same name see Charles Napier General Sir Charles James Napier GCB ( August 10 On his departure in 1847, he is said to have remarked, "Would that I could come again to see you in your grandeur!".

Karachi was made the capital of Sind in the 1840s. On Napier's departure it was added along with the rest of Sindh to the Bombay Presidency. The Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. The British realized the importance of the city as a military cantonment and as a port for exporting the produce of the Indus River basin, and rapidly developed its harbour for shipping. The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd The foundations of a city municipal government were laid down and infrastructure development was undertaken. New businesses started opening up and the population of the town began rising rapidly.

In 1857, the First Indian War for Independence broke out in the subcontinent and the 21st Native Infantry stationed in Karachi declared allegiance to rebels, joining their cause on September 10, 1857. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Sepoys of British East India Company 's army on the 10th of May 1857 in the town of Meerut, Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Nevertheless, the British were able to quickly reassert control over Karachi and defeat the uprising. Karachi was known as Khurachee Scinde (i. e. Karachi, Sindh) during the early British colonial rule.

In 1864, the first telegraphic message was sent from India to England when a direct telegraph connection was laid between Karachi and London. ^[9] In 1878, the city was connected to the rest of British India by rail. Public building projects such as Frere Hall (1865) and the Empress Market (1890) were undertaken. Frere Hall is one of the few well-preserved buildings from the days of the British Raj that still exists in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Empress Market is located in Saddar Town of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. In 1876, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, was born in the city, which by now had become a bustling city with churches, mosques, courthouses, markets, paved streets and a magnificent harbour. Muhammad Ali Jinnah Urdu: (December 25 1876 – September 11 1948 was a Pakistani politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and By 1899 Karachi had become the largest wheat exporting port in the east. ^[10] The population of the city was about 105,000 inhabitants by the end of the 19th century, with a cosmopolitan mix of Hindus, Muslims, Europeans, Jews, Parsis, Iranians, Lebanese, and Goans. Jews ( Urdu: یہودی pronounced "Yehudi") are a very small religious group of Pakistan. The Iranian people are a collection of Ethnic groups defined along linguistic lines as speaking Iranian languages. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Goan is the Demonym used to describe the people of the Indian state of Goa. By the turn of the century, the city faced street congestion, which led to India’s first tramway system being laid down in 1900. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train

By the time the new country of Pakistan was formed in 1947, Karachi had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings lining the city’s thoroughfares. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Karachi was chosen as the capital of Pakistan and accommodated a huge influx of migrants and refugees after partition. The Partition of India was the partition of the British Indian Empire which led to the creation on August 14, 1947 and August 15, The demographics of the city changed dramatically but it still maintained cultural diversity as new residents arrived from all parts of India. In 1958, the capital of Pakistan was moved from Karachi to Rawalpindi and then to Islamabad in 1960. ( Urdu: Rāwalpindī) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistan 's capital city of Islamabad, in the province |name = Islamabad|native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Capital City |total_type This marked the start of a long period of decline in the city, marked by a lack of development. The 1980s and 1990s saw an influx of refugees from the Afghan war into Karachi. The Soviet war in Afghanistan, also known as the Soviet-Afghan War or just the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, was a nine-year conflict involving Political tensions between the Muhajir groups (descendants of migrants from the partition era) and other groups also erupted and the city was wracked with political and sectarian violence. See Muhajir page for all Muhajir groups in the world Muhajir or Panahgir (مہاجر is a diverse term used to describe the Most of these tensions have now simmered down.

Karachi continues to be an important financial and industrial centre and handles most of the overseas trade of Pakistan and the central Asian countries. It accounts for a large portion of the GDP of Pakistan and a large proportion of the country's white collar workers. Karachi's population has continued to grow and is estimated to have passed the 20 million mark, although official figures still show a population of around 14. 5 million. The current economic boom in Pakistan has also resulted in a new period of resurgence in the economy of Karachi.

Geography and climate

Main article: Climate of Karachi

Karachi is located in the south of Sindh, on the coast of the Arabian Sea. Karachi is located on the coast and as a result has a relatively mild Climate. The city covers an area of approximately 3,530 square kilometres (1,363 sq mi), comprised largely of flat or rolling plains, with hills on the western and northern boundaries of the urban sprawl. Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area Two rivers pass through the city: the River Malir which flows from the east towards the south and centre, and the River Lyari, which flows from north to the south west. Malir River (دریائے ملير is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Lyari River ( Urdu:لیاری ندی is a small Ephemeral Stream that flows through the Pakistani Megacity of Karachi The Port of Karachi is a sheltered bay to the south-west of the city, protected from storms by the Sandspit Beach, the Manora Island and the Oyster Rocks. The Port of Karachi ( Urdu: بندر گاہ كراچى) is Pakistan 's largest and busiest seaport, handling Manora or Manoro (جزیرہ منوڑا is a small island (25 km² located just south of the Port of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The Arabian Sea beach lines the southern coastline of Karachi. Dense mangroves and creeks of the Indus delta can be found towards the south east side of the city. Towards the west and the north is Cape Monze, an area marked with projecting sea cliffs and rocky sandstone promontories. Cape Monze (aka Cape Mount is a beach on the Arabian Sea located near the Hub River and Gadani Beach in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan Some excellent beaches can also be found in this area.

Located on the coast, Karachi tends to have a relatively mild climate with low levels of average precipitation (approximately 10 inches per annum), the bulk of which occurs during the July-August monsoon season. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months Winters are mild and the summers are hot, however the proximity to the sea maintains humidity levels at a near-constant high and cool sea breezes relieve the heat of the summer months. Due to high temperatures during the summer (ranging from 30 to 44 degrees Celsius from April to August), the winter months (November to February) are generally considered the best times to visit Karachi. July, December and January have pleasing and cloudy weather when most of the social events, ranging from weddings to charity fundraisers, frequently take place. Tourists and expatriates visit Karachi in these months, Highest recorded is 47. 8 °C (118. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 0 °F) and lowest is 0 °C (32 °F). Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 ^[11]

Temperatures (1931-2002)	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual
Highest maximum (°C)	32. 8	36. 1	41. 0	44. 4	47. 8	47. 0	42. 2	41. 7	42. 8	43. 3	38. 5	34. 5	47. 8
Lowest minimum (°C)	0. 0	3. 3	7. 0	12. 2	17. 7	22. 1	22. 2	20. 0	18. 0	10. 0	6. 1	1. 3	0. 0

Government

Main articles: City District Government of Karachi, List of mayors of Karachi, and List of Union Councils of Karachi

The City of Karachi Municipal Act was promulgated in 1933. City District Government Karachi ( CDGK) formerly Karachi Metropolitan Corporation is responsible for the administration of Karachi, Sindh, Karachi is the List of most populated metropolitan areas in Pakistan largest city of Pakistan and among the most populous Megacities in the world Union Councils of Karachi are local governments in Karachi. Union Council is the primary governmental institution in Pakistan. Initially the Municipal Corporation comprised the mayor, the deputy mayor and 57 councillors. The Karachi Municipal Corporation was changed to a Metropolitan Corporation in 1976. The administrative area of Karachi was a second-level subdivision known as Karachi Division, which was subdivided into five districts: Karachi Central, Karachi East, Karachi South, Karachi West and Malir. In 2000, the national government implemented a new devolution plan which abolished the second-tier divisions and merged the five districts of Karachi into a new City District, structured as a three-tiered federation, with the two lower tiers composed of 18 towns and 178 union councils (UC). The Government of Pakistan ( Urdu: حکومتِ پاکستان uses a federal parliamentary system with a President as the Head of State and an indirectly-elected The Divisions of Pakistan were previously the third tier of government in Pakistan until they were abolished in 2000. A Union Council or village council in Pakistan is an elected Local government body consisting of 21 councillors and headed by a Nazim (which is equivalent ^[12]

The towns are governed by elected municipal administrations responsible for infrastructure and spatial planning, development facilitation, and municipal services (water, sanitation, solid waste, repairing roads, parks, street lights, and traffic engineering), with some functions being retained by the City-District Government (CDG). ^[12] The third-tier 178 union councils are each composed of thirteen directly elected members including a Nazim (mayor) and a Naib Nazim (deputy mayor). A nazim ( Urdu: ناظم, from the word for "organizer" or "convenor" (similar to Mayor) is the coordinator of cities and towns in Pakistan A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Deputy mayor is an elective or appointive office of the second-ranking official in many local governments The UC Nazim heads the union administration and is responsible for facilitating the CDG to plan and execute municipal services, as well as for informing higher authorities about public concerns and complaints.

In the elections of 2005, Mustafa Kamal was elected City Nazim of Karachi to succeed Naimatullah Khan and Nasreen Jalil was elected as the City Naib Nazim. Mustafa Kamal is the District City Nazim (Mayor of Karachi. Mr Niamthullah Khan, (born October 1, 1930 Ajmer, British India) was the Nazim of largest city of Pakistan, Karachi Nasreen Jalil ( 22 February, 1947 in Lahore) is currently the Naib Nazim of the district of Karachi, Sindh Mustafa Kamal was previously the provincial minister for information technology in Sindh. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support His predecessor, Naimatullah Khan was chosen as one of the best mayors in Asia. Niamthullah Khan, (born October 1, 1930 Ajmer, British India) was the Nazim of largest city of Pakistan, Karachi ^[13] Mustafa Kamal is advancing the development trail left by Naimatullah Khan, and has been actively involved in maintaining care of the city's municipal systems. ^[14]. There are also six military cantonments administered by the Pakistan Army which do not form part of the City of Karachi. Cantonment Florida is town north of Pensacola Florida See also Canton and Cantonist A cantonment is a The Pakistan Army ( Urdu:) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders the security of administered

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Karachi

Year	Urban Population
1856	56,875
1872	56,753
1881	73,560
1891	105,199
1901	136,297
1911	186,771
1921	244,162
1931	300,799
1941	435,887
1951	1,068,459
1961	1,912,598
1972	3,426,310
1981	5,208,132
1998	9,269,265
2008	12,461,423[3]

The population and demographic distribution in Karachi has undergone numerous changes over the past 150 years. Karachi is the largest and most populous city in Pakistan. The Population and demographic distribution in the Megacity Non-governmental and international sources estimate Karachi's current population at about 20 million^[15] — a huge increase over its population in 1947 (400,000). The city's population is currently growing at about 5% per year (mainly on account of rural-urban internal migration), including an estimated 45,000 migrant workers coming to the city every month from different parts of Pakistan. Human migration denotes any movement by Humans from one locality to another sometimes over long distances or ^[16]

Before 1947, Karachi had large communities of Parsis, Jews, Armenians, Hindus, Christians, Balochis, Gujaratis, and Sindhis. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The Baloch ( بلوچ; alternative transliterations Baluch Balouch Bloach Balooch Balush Balosh Baloosh Baloush) are an Iranian people inhabiting Gujarati people ( Gujarati: ગુજરાતી લોકો Gujǎrātī loko ? Sindhis ( Sindhi: سنڌي) are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in Sindh in Pakistan. After independence, a large number of Hindus left the city for India and were replaced by Urdu-speaking Muslim refugees now known as Muhajirs. See Muhajir page for all Muhajir groups in the world Muhajir or Panahgir (مہاجر is a diverse term used to describe the The Muhajirs originated from different parts of India and brought with them their local cultures and cuisines, further adding to the already diverse mix of people that earlier inhabited Karachi. Currently, these older groups and continuing migration from different parts of Pakistan have contributed to a very cosmopolitan mix of residents.

The new government allotted much of the property left by the departing Hindus and other groups to the new immigrants to help them settle into the new country. However, the large number of Muhajirs also formed the dominant political majority in the city, which gave them substantial political clout, to the chagrin of the Sindhi and Balochi inhabitants.

Since 1979, due to the Soviet war in Afghanistan and continued upheavals in their country, a steady stream of Afghan refugees have also taken up permanent residence in and around Karachi. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) The Soviet war in Afghanistan, also known as the Soviet-Afghan War or just the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, was a nine-year conflict involving The Demographics of Afghanistan are ethnically and linguistically mixed ^[17] These refugees now number more than one and half million and comprise a number of ethnic groups: Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Nuristani and Turkmen. Pashtuns ( Pashto: پښتون Paṣtūn, Paxtūn, also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns) also called Tajik ( - Tādjīk; UniPers: Tâjik; Cyrillic: Тоҷик is a term generally applied to Persian-speaking people of The Hazāra ( are a Persian-speaking people residing in the central region of Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. The Uzbeks (Self designation sg O‘zbek, pl O‘zbeklar) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. The Nuristani people are an Ethnic group found mostly in Laghman Province and Nurestan Province of Afghanistan. This article is about the Turkmen people of Turkmenistan. For the distinct group of Turk peoples of Iraq see Iraqi Turkmen. There are also thousands of Arabs, Iranians who are mostly traders and Filipinos, Arakani refugees (from Rakhine State in Myanmar), Goans, Bengalis and African immigrants who are also settled in Karachi. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. The Rohingya are a Muslim Ethnic group of the Northern Rakhine State of Western Burma. Rakhine State ( formerly Arakan) is a state of Myanmar. Situated the western coast it is bordered by Chin State in the north Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Goan is the Demonym used to describe the people of the Indian state of Goa. The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between Bangladesh and India) on the Indian subcontinent with a history dating The term African people can refer to people who live in Africa, or people who trace their ancestry to Indigenous inhabitants of Africa. Most refugee minorities of the city live in poor neighbourhoods.

The current estimated linguistic distribution of the city is: Urdu: 48. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised 52%; Sindhi: 19. Sindhi ( Arabic script: سنڌي Devanagari script: सिन्धी Sindhī) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia 34%;Punjabi: 10. Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an 64%; Pashto: 8. Pashto ( Naskh: پښتو‎ pəʂ'to also rendered as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, Pushtu, also known as 96%; Balochi: 4. Balochi (بلوچی also Baluchi, Baloci or Baluci) is a Northwestern Iranian language. 34%; Saraiki: 2. Sarāikī ( Perso-Arabic: سراییکی Gurmukhi: ਸਰਾਇਕੀ Devanagari: सराइकी commonly spelled Seraiki also Siraiki is 11%; others: 6. 09%. The others include Dari, Gujarati, Dawoodi Bohra, Memon, Marwari, Brahui, Makrani, Khowar, Burushaski, Arabic, Persian and Bengali. Gujarati (ગુજરાતી Gujǎrātī ? See also Imamah (Shi'a Ismaili doctrine The Musta‘lī (مستعلي Ismā'īlī Muslims are so named because they accept al-Musta‘lī Memon (મેમણ میمن मेमन an Ethnic group originating from Pakistan and India trace their roots largely to Sindh,a province The Brahui (Urdu spelling بروہی or Bravi (براوِ Language, spoken by the Brahui, is a Dravidian language mainly spoken in Khowar,(کھوار)also known as Chitrali is a Dardic language spoken by 250000 people in Chitral in Northwest Pakistan, in Yasin Valley Burushaski (بروشسکی - burū́šaskī is a Language isolate not known to be related to any other language of the world Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language ^[18]

The religious breakup of the city is as follows: Muslim: 95. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion 50%; Hindu: 4. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical 35%; Christian: 0. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 83%; Ahmadi: 0. Ahmadiyya ( احمدیہ Ahmadiyya) is a movement that arose out of mainstream Islam towards the end of the 19th century 17%; others 0. 13%. The others include Parsis, Jews, Orthodox and Buddhists^[19][20]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Karachi

Karachi is the financial and commercial capital of Pakistan; it accounts for a lion's share of Pakistan's revenue generation. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Karachi is the financial and commercial capital of Pakistan it accounts for a lion's share of Pakistan's revenue generation It generates over 65% of the total national revenue (federal and provincial taxes, customs and surcharges), Although a larger part of this amount account for as indirect tax contribution. ^[21] Karachi produces about 42 percent of value added in large scale manufacturing and 25% of the GDP of Pakistan. In February 2007, the World Bank identified Karachi as the most business-friendly city in Pakistan. The World Bank is an internationally supported Bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e ^[22]

Most of Pakistan's public and private banks are headquartered on Karachi's I.I. Chundrigar Road, while most major foreign multinational corporations operating in Pakistan have their headquarters in Karachi. Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar Road or I I Chundrigar Road could be considered the financial headquarters Multinational corporation ( MNC) or transnational corporation ( TNC) is a Corporation or enterprise that manages Production or delivers The Karachi Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in Pakistan, and is considered by many economists to be one of the prime reasons for Pakistan's 8% GDP growth across 2005. The Karachi Stock Exchange or KSE is a Stock exchange located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ^[23] During the 1960s, Karachi was seen as an economic role model around the world, and there was much praise for the way its economy was progressing. An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area Many countries sought to emulate Pakistan's economic planning strategy and one of them, South Korea, copied the city's second "Five-Year Plan" and World Financial Centre in Seoul is designed and modeled after Karachi. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. ^[24][25]

Recently, Karachi has seen an expansion of information and communications technology and electronic media and has become the software outsourcing hub of Pakistan. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Electronic media are media that utilize Electronics or Electromechanical energy for the End user ( Audience) to access the content Call centres for foreign companies have been targeted as a significant area of growth, with the government making efforts to reduce taxes by as much as 80% in order to gain foreign investments in the IT sector^[26][27] In April 2008, the City District Government build a Control Unit(CU) which accommodate the world largest data center. A call centre or call center (see spelling differences) is a centralized office used for the purpose of receiving and transmitting a large volume of requests by With the help of this CU, every road in Karachi is monitored through a very high resolution camera, which even capture the number plate and the face of driver with in a second and send it to the CU. These cameras are fixed 100 ft above to the ground. An additional security camera is also placed above the camera to ensure the security and theft issues of the camera. These security cameras are 300 ft above the ground.

Many of Pakistan’s independent television and radio channels are based in Karachi including world popular Geo Tv, KTN,^[28] Sindh TV,^[29] CNBC Pakistan, TV One, Indus Televisison Network and Dawn News as well as several local stations. The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority ( PEMRA) was established on 01 March, 2002 through an ordinance to induct the private sector into the CNBC Pakistan is Pakistan's first 24-hour billingual Urdu and English language business and news channel to report financial and business information channel presenting in-depth and For other uses see TV1 disambiguation TV One is a New Zealand national television network owned and operated by state-owned media Dawn News is Pakistan 's first 24-hour English news channel Based in Karachi, the station is a subsidiary of Pakistan Herald Publications Limited (PHPL Pakistan's

Karachi has several large industrial zones such as SITE, Korangi, Northern Bypass Industrial Zone, Bin Qasim and North Karachi located on the fringes of the main city. ^[30] The primary areas are textiles, pharmaceuticals, steel, and automobiles. In addition, Karachi has a vibrant cottage industry and there is a rapidly flourishing Free Zone with an annual growth rate of nearly 6. 5%.

The Karachi Expo Centre hosts many regional and international exhibitions. The Karachi Expo Centre is located in Gulshan Town, Karachi, Pakistan. ^[31]

Karachi has branches of major motor companies such as BMW, Audi, Porsche, Mercedes, Rolls Royce, Ferrari, Land Rover, Rexton, Lexus, Chevrolet, Toyota, Honda, Dodge, GM Comapny, Hummer, Nissan, UD Nissan Diesel, Diahatsu, Suzuki, Kia, Mitsubishi, Hyundai, Daewoo, Isuzu, Renault, Bedford, FAW, Geely, Proton, Chery, several automotive companies of china as well as the Adam Motor Company and HinoPak. ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 AUDI AG, ( Xetra: NSU commonly known as Audi (aˈʊdi is a German Automobile manufacturer which produces Audi branded cars with headquarters Porsche SE or Porsche ( German, ˈpɔɹʃə is a German manufacturer of automobiles which is majority-owned by the Porsche and Piëch Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the Rolls-Royce Motor Cars is a British manufacturer of luxury automobiles based out of Goodwood, England. Ferrari SpA is an Italian Sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy Land Rover is an all-terrain vehicle and Multi Purpose Vehicle (MPV manufacturer based in Solihull, England, now operated as part of the Jaguar is the Luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM (pronounced) is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Japan, and is currently the world's largest Automaker. () is a Multinational corporation, engine Manufacturer and engineering corporation headquartered in Japan. Dodge is a United States -based brand of Automobiles Sport utility vehicles and Trucks manufactured and marketed by Chrysler LLC Hummer is a Brand of Off-road vehicles sold by General Motors, also known as GM Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd (日産ディーゼル工業株式会社 or UD (The company's trademark is a Japanese company whose principal business is is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Hamamatsu Japan that specializes in manufacturing compact automobiles a full range of Motorcycles All-Terrain Kia Motors, a subsidiary of Hyundai Kia Automotive Group, is South Korea 's 2nd largest automobile manufacturer with headquarters in Seoul, The, Mitsubishi Group of Companies, or Mitsubishi Companies is a Japanese conglomerate consisting of a range of autonomous businesses which share the Mitsubishi Hyundai refers to a group of companies and related organizations founded by Chung Ju-yung in South Korea. This article is about the Chaebol Daewoo Group For the Korean auto company Daewoo Motors that is associated with Chevrolet, see GM Daewoo. ( is a Japanese car commercial vehicle and heavy truck manufacturing company, headquartered in Tokyo. This is about the company for other uses see Renault (disambiguation. Bedford is the County town of Bedfordshire, England. It is a large town and the administrative centre for the Bedford borough Geely Automobile ( ( is a Chinese Automaker and is the first independent Automobile manufacturer in the People's Republic of China. The proton ( Greek πρῶτον / proton "first" is a Subatomic particle with an Electric charge of one positive Chery Automobile (English pronunciation) ( is an Automobile manufacturer in China. Adam Motor Company (Adam Motor Company Ltd is an automobile assembler based in Karachi, Pakistan. ^[32][33]

There are many development projects proposed, approved and under construction in Karachi city. Among projects of note, Emaar Properties is proposing to invest $43bn (£22. Emaar Properties (إعمار the Dubai-based Public Joint Stock Company and one of the world’s largest real estate companies is listed on the Dubai Financial Market 8bn) in Karachi to develop Bundal Island, which is a 12,000 acre (49 km²) island just off the coast of Karachi. Bundal Island (جزیرہ بندل (also known as Bundaar) is a small island located in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Karachi, Sindh, ^[34] The Karachi Port Trust is planning a Rs. Karachi Port Trust (KPT is a Pakistan federal government agency that oversees the operations of Karachi Port at Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan 20 billion, 1,947 feet (593 m) high Port Tower Complex on the Clifton shoreline. The Port Tower is a building planned for Karachi, the financial capital of Pakistan, with the collaboration of local and foreign investors in association with the ^[35][36] It will comprise a hotel, a shopping centre, an exhibition centre and a revolving restaurant with a viewing gallery offering a panoramic view of the coastline and the city. A revolving restaurant is a Restaurant on a revolving Floorplate.

Other projects include: MCB Tower (completed), Crescent Bay, Karachi (under construction), Karachi Waterfront (under construction), Karachi Creek Marina (under construction), Sugarland City (approved), Dolmen Towers (completed), I. MCB Tower located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan is the principal office of MCB Bank Ltd. Crescent Bay is a 75-acre development featuring high and mid-rise towers for Residential and commercial use a Creek Marina, located in Phase VIII of DHA Karachi, will be completed in year 2009. Dolmen Towers are two 40 Storey Skyscrapers under construction in Karachi, Pakistan for Residential and commercial use T. Tower (under construction), Buddo Island (approved), Square One Towers (under construction), Sign Tower (under construction), Karachi Mass Transit System, Enshaa Towers (approved), Karachi FPCCI Tower (proposed), City Centre (proposed), Malir Expressway (proposed), Northern Bypass Industrial Area (under construction). Buddo Island (جزیرہ بدو (also known as Dingi) is a small island located in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan ENSHAANLC is constructing Karachi Financial Towers (KFT The two towers will be identical in terms of numbers of floors and height A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city

Culture

Main article: Culture of Karachi

Karachi is home to some of Pakistan's important cultural institutions. Culture of Karachi ( Urdu: ثقافت كراچى) is manifested in lifestyle festivals literature music language politics and culinary preferences of people The National Academy of Performing Arts,^[37] located in the newly renovated Hindu Gymkhana offers a two year diploma course in performing arts that include classical music and contemporary theatre. The National Academy of Performing Arts (NAPA is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The National Academy of Performing Arts (NAPA is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The All Pakistan Music Conference, linked to the 45-year old similar institution in Lahore, has been holding its Annual Music Festival since its inception in 2004. ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. The Festival is now a well-established feature of the city life of Karachi that is awaited anxiously and attended by more than 3000 citizens of Karachi as well as people from other cities. ^[38]

The National Arts Council (Koocha-e-Saqafat) also has musical performances and Mushaira (poetry recitations). Mushaira (مشاعره mušā’ira) is a term in Urdu used to describe an event (called mehfil, ur محفل where poets gather to perform their works Karachi has a few museums including the Mohatta Palace Museum that regularly has exhibitions as well as the National Museum of Pakistan. Mohatta Palace is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It was built by Shivratan Chandraratan Mohatta, an ambitious self-made Hindu The National Museum of Pakistan in Karachi, Pakistan was established in Frere Hall Building on April 17, 1950, replacing the The Kara Film Festival organized annually showcases independent Pakistani and international films and documentaries. The Kara Film Festival - Karachi International Film Festival is an internationally recognized film festival of Pakistan annually held in Karachi.

The everyday lifestyle of Karachi differs substantially from that of other Pakistani towns. The culture of Karachi is characterized by the blending of Middle Eastern, Central Asian, South Asian and Western influences, as well as the status of the city as a major international business centre. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings As a whole, there is considerable diversity in culture, and this diversity has produced unique cultural amalgam of its own type. Karachi also hosts the largest middle class stratum of the country. The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power.

Karachi is dotted with many shopping areas, large and small, attracting large crowds of shoppers in the evenings. Saddar, Gulf Shopping Mall, Bahadurabad, Tariq Road, Zamzama, Zaib-un-nissa Street (Elphinestone Street) Hyderi and Waterpump (Anarkali Bazar) are the most famous shopping areas in the city. One can find all sorts of clothing, garments, and fabrics in Karachi's bazaars, as well as a number of other items. The Saddar area in downtown Karachi is also home to countless large and small markets dealing from everyday household items to clothing and fabrics to electronics. Empress Market in Saddar is a large Victorian-era market, home to wholesalers of spices and other items. Saddar is also home to the Rainbow Centre, one of the largest hubs of pirated CDs in the world. Some other notable shopping areas include Paposh Market and Hydari.

Some of the major shopping malls in Karachi are: Millennium Mall (Located in Gulistan-e-Jauher}, Park Towers (Located in Clifton) Dmart (Sea View), Dolmen Mall (Located on Tariq Road), Jumeirah Mall, Naheed Super Market and The Forum. Some of the main bazaars in Karachi: Tariq Road Bazaar, Zamzama Boulevard (Located in the Clifton/DHA area, various local/western stores including Costa Coffee, Copper Kettle, Dejavu, Roasters, Arizona Grill, Okra etc. ), Gulf Area Market (many traditional vendors and more upscale boutiques and designer shoes), Zainab Market, Liaqat Abad Bazar, Sadar Bazar, Hyderi Bazaar, and the famous Anarkali Bazar.

Education

Main articles: List of schools in Karachi, List of colleges in Karachi, and List of universities in Karachi

The Narayan Jagannath High School at Karachi was the first government school established in Sindh. National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences ( NUCES or NU) is a University in Pakistan with headquarters at Islamabad This is a list pre-schools primary schools secondary schools higher secondary schools public and private in Karachi. Public Sector Colleges for Boys Govt Saifee Eide Zahabi Institute of Technology Karachi Sindh Pakistan Pakistan has a large number of universities supported by the Government of Pakistan and the Provincial Governments The Narayan Jagannath High School at Karachi was the first government school established in Sindh. It was opened in October 1855. Karachi has well known educational institutes of international standards. Most universities of Karachi are considered to be amongst the premier educational institutions of Pakistan. For 2004-05, the city's literacy rate was estimated at 65. 26%, with a GER of 111%^[39]. The gross enrolment ratio ( GER) or gross enrolment index ( GEI) is a statistical measure used in the Education sector and by the

The University of Karachi, simply referred as KU, is the largest university in Pakistan having one of the largest faculities in the world. The University of Karachi ( Urdu: جامعہ كراچى) is located in the city of Karachi, Province of Sindh, Pakistan. Coincidentally it is located beside the NED University, the oldest engineering institute of Pakistan. Nadirshaw Edulji Dinshaw University of Engineering and Technology (NED University of Engineering and Technology is the only public-sector Engineering University in Karachi City which Karachi is also host to the Institute of Business Administration (IBA), founded in 1955 and the oldest business school outside North America. The Institute of Business Administration, usually referred to by its Acronym IBA, is a University in Karachi, Pakistan and is Alumni of IBA include former Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz. Shaukat Aziz ( Urdu: شوکت عزیز) (born March 6, 1949 in Karachi, Pakistan) was the Prime Minister of Pakistan Other notable universities include Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, National University of Science and Technology, Hamdard University, Bahria University, Iqra University, Preston University, Federal Urdu University, National University of Modern Languages, Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of Science and Technology (FAST), Dawood College of Engineering and Technology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (Szabist), Institute of Business and Technology (BIZTEK), Pakistan Air Force Institute of Economics and Technology (PAF-KIET), college of Business Management, Virtual University of Karachi (introduced by the Science and Technology Ministry), Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Agha Khan Medical University, Dow University of Medical Sciences, Sindh Medical College, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical College, Dr. Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology, commonly known as SSUET, is a private sector engineering university located in Karachi, Pakistan. The National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST is a Public university located at several campuses in Pakistan that primarily trains members of the Pakistan Hamdard University is located in Karachi, Sindh, Islamabad, Pakistan. Bahria University (بحریہ یونیورسٹی also known as BU, is a multi- Campus University, with its headquarter in Islamabad, Iqra University is a higher education university located at Defence View Korangi Karachi. Preston University is an unaccredited university based in the US state of Alabama. The Federal Urdu University of Arts Sciences & Technology is a Coeducational Public university with its main campus located in Gulshan Town, Karachi National University of Modern Languages is located at Islamabad, Pakistan. The Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering (IIEE, is located in Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The Foundation for Advancement of Science and Technology (FAST was established in 1980 as a private national institution Dawood College of Engineering and Technology ( DCET) is a Federal degree awarding institution located in Karachi, Pakistan. Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (commonly referred to as SZABIST is a Pakistani university with headquarters at Karachi and campuses at The College of Business Management (CBM is the Business School of the Institute of Business Management (IoBM a premiere university in Karachi Pakistan Mohammad Ali Jinnah University (MAJU is a private University located in Pakistan. The Aga Khan University (AKU is a Coeducational Research University spread over three continents Sindh Medical College (SMC is a medical college situated at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Ziauddin Medical University, Baqai Medical University, Sir Syed Medical College, Sindh Insitute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Preston insitute of Management Sciences & Technology (PIMSAT), Tabba Institute of Heart Disease, Liaqat National Medical College. Markaz-e-Umeed (the Hope Center) for special children is also working for betterment of Special Children since 1971.

Sports

Main article: List of sports venues in Karachi

Cricket is the most popular sport of the city, and is usually played in many small grounds around the city. This is a list of sports venues in Karachi, Sindh Pakistan Cricket International Stadiums DHA Cricket Stadium Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Gully cricket, is played in the narrow by-lanes of the city. Backyard cricket, street cricket, beach cricket (Galli Cricket in India Galli = Alley) or garden cricket is an informal Ad hoc Night time cricket can be seen at weekends when people play brightly lit night matches on less traversed city streets. The major venue for cricket matches is the National Stadium but matches are also hosted at the UBL Sports Complex, The A. The National Stadium is a Cricket Stadium in Karachi, Pakistan. O. Cricket Stadium, the KCCA Cricket Ground, the Karachi Gymkhana Field and the DHA Cricket Stadium.

A popular local game is Malh (Sindhi: ملهه). All Sindh Malh ُOrganization hosts All Sindh Malakhirro every year in Karachi.

Other popular sports in the city are hockey, boxing, association football, golf, table tennis, snooker, squash, and horse racing. Hockey is any of a family of Sports in which two teams compete by trying to maneuver a Ball, or a hard round rubber or heavy plastic disc called a puck Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Snooker is a Cue sport that is played on a large Baize -covered table with pockets in each of the four corners and in the middle of each of the long Squash is a racquet sport that was formerly called squash racquets, a reference to the "squashable" soft ball used in the game (compared with the This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. Sports like badminton, volleyball and basketball are also popular in schools and colleges. Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles or two opposing pairs (doubles who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m

Football is especially popular in Lyari Town which has always been a football-mad locality in Karachi. Lyari Town is one of the eighteen constituent towns of the city of Karachi, in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. The Peoples Football Stadium is perhaps the largest football stadium in Pakistan with respect to capacity, easily accommodating around 40,000 people. The Peoples Football Stadium, is located in Lyari Town, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. In 2005, the city hosted the SAFF Cup Football Tournament at this ground, as well as the Geo Super Football League 2007 which attracted capacity crowds during the games. The SAFF Championship, also called the South Asian Football Federation Cup (previously South Asian Football Federation Gold Cup is the main football competition of the The 2007 Geo Super Football League of Pakistan was the 1st season of the country's new inter-city football competition in collaboration between the

The city also has facilities for hockey (the Hockey Stadium of Pakistan, UBL Hockey Ground), boxing (KPT Sports Complex), squash (Jehangir Khan Squash Complex) and polo. Jahangir Khan, HI (born December 10 1963, in Karachi, Pakistan) (sometimes Marinas and Boating Clubs also add to the diverse sporting activities in Karachi.

Karachi has a number of sporting clubs such as the Karachi Gymkhana, the Sindh Club, the Karachi Club, Kashmir club, Aga Khan sports club, the Muslim Gymkhana, the Creek Club and the DHA Club that provide sporting facilities to their members, including tennis, badminton and squash courts, swimming pools, jogging tracks, gymnasiums, billiards and much more. There are two world class golf clubs, at DHA and Karsaz.

Transport

Main article: Transport in Karachi

The Jinnah International Airport is located in Karachi. The city of Karachi is a major transport hub of Pakistan. The Karachi port and airport major gateways in Pakistan Jinnah International Airport previously Quaid-e-Azam International Airport is Pakistan 's largest international and domestic Airport Jinnah International Airport previously Quaid-e-Azam International Airport is Pakistan 's largest international and domestic Airport It is the largest and busiest airport of the country. It handles 10 million passengers a year. The airport also receives the largest number of foreign airlines, a total of 27 airlines fly to Jinnah International predominantly from the Middle East and South East Asia. All of Pakistan's airlines use Karachi as their Primary hub including Pakistan International Airlines, Aero Asia International, Airblue and Shaheen Air. Pakistan International Airlines Corporation, more commonly known as Pakistan International Airlines or PIA ( Urdu: پی آئی اے or پاکستان Aero Asia International was a private Airline based in Karachi, Pakistan. airblue is a private Airline based in Karachi, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's second largest airline with a 20% share of the domestic market Shaheen Air International is a Pakistani private Airline based in Karachi.

The city's old airport terminals are now used for Hajj flights, cargo facilities, and ceremonial visits from heads of state. The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world U. S. Coalition forces used the old terminals for their logistic supply operations as well. The city also has two other airstrips used primarily by the armed forces.

The largest shipping ports in Pakistan are the Port of Karachi and the nearby Port Qasim. The Port of Karachi ( Urdu: بندر گاہ كراچى) is Pakistan 's largest and busiest seaport, handling The Port Muhammad Bin Qasim ( Urdu: بندر گاہ محمد بن قاسم) is a Port in Karachi, Pakistan on the coastline of the These seaports have modern facilities and not only handle trade for Pakistan, but also serve as ports for Afghanistan and the land-locked Central Asian countries. Plans have been announced for new passenger facilities at the Port of Karachi. ^[40]

Karachi is linked by rail to the rest of the country by Pakistan Railways. This article is about the rail company in Pakistan. For technical details and operations see ' Transport in Pakistan '. The Karachi City Station and Karachi Cantonment Station are the city's two major railway stations. The railway system handles a large amount of freight to and from the Karachi port apart from providing passenger services to people travelling up country. Plans are underway to extend the intra-city railway system to play a part in the city's mass transit through Karachi Circular Railway system. Karachi Circular Railway (KCR is a Mass Transport System (MRTS proposed for the city of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Currently, primarily motorists and minibuses handle commuter traffic, but there are plans to construct a light-rail based mass transit system in the city to decongest the roads and provide quick service to commuters. Feasibility studies have been carried out and a provisional network has been agreed on. The unofficial working title for the proposed mass transit system is "Duz" (Urdu دوز), a contraction of the Urdu for "Underground Railway" (Urdu زمین دوز گاری).

Challenges of rapid expansion

As one of the most rapidly growing cities in the world, Karachi faces challenges that are central to many developing metropolises including overcrowding, traffic, pollution, poverty and street crimes. These problems continue to earn Karachi low rankings in livability comparisons: The Economist ranked Karachi fourth least livable city amongst the 132 cities surveyed^[41] and Business Week ranked it 175 out of 215 in livability(2007), down from 170 in 2006. The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London BusinessWeek is a business Magazine published by McGraw-Hill. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[42]

The traffic and pollution is a major challenge for Karachi as it is for almost all the major cities in the world. The level of air pollution in Karachi is estimated to be 20 times higher than World Health Organization standards. ^[43] A number of new parks have been developed and new trees are being planted in the city to improve the environment and reduce the pollution.

Criminal negligence plagues the rapidly expanding infrastructure. There were floods reported in the city during the monsoon of 2007. The Northern Bypass bridge collapsed on 1st September 2007 after being inaugurated only one month back by President Pervez Musharraf. General (ret Pervez Musharraf ( (born 11 August 1943 NI(M, HI(M, TBt, is the former Military dictator and President of

Karachi in Popular Culture of Sindh

Karachi has been sung in many Sindhi songs, notably the folk songs sung in Sindhi marriages, called Sehra (سهرا) and Ladda (لاڏا) such as:

آيلڙي مون ته سُئي وڃائي ڪراچيءَ جي شهر مان مون سُئي گھُرائي

sung by Zarina Baloch and

ڪراچيءَ جي شهر مان منڊيون جوڙايم سونا گل ڪراچيءَ جي موٽر ڀرجي آيا

In addition, Karachi is also known for the legend of Morirro Mirbahar, whose bravery has been praised and sung by Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai in his poetry. Sehra ( Urdu: سہرا Hindi: सेहरा is a headdress worn by the groom during the marriage Zarina Baloch ( زرينه بلوچ) (born December 29 1934 in Allahdad Chand Village Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan &mdash The Sindhi movie Ghatoo Ghar na Ayaa (Sindhi گھاتُو گھر نه آيا) is based on this legend.

Karachi jaa ddeeha' aee' raatioo' (In Sindhi ڪراچيءَ جا ڏينهن ۽ راتيون), Days and Nights of Karachi is a novel written by Muhammad Bakhsh Johar.

Sister Cities

Karachi currently has ten sister cities:

• Port Louis, Mauritius since May 1, 2007^[44]
• Shanghai, China
• Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Tashkent, Uzbekistan
• Istanbul, Turkey
• Izmir, Turkey, since 1985
• Houston, USA 8 May, 2008^[45]
• Paris, France

See also

• List of places in Karachi
• List of cemeteries in Karachi
• List of streets of Karachi
• List of hospitals in Karachi
• List of libraries in Karachi
• Cinema in Karachi
• List of parks in Karachi
• List of people from Karachi District
• List of police stations in Karachi
• List of Postal Codes of Karachi
• List of tallest buildings in Karachi
• 1945 Balochistan earthquake

References

Further reading

External links

• Karachi City District Government
• Karachities and their characteristics
• Karachi travel guide from Wikitravel
• Wikia has a wiki on this subject: Karachi
• Karachi at the Open Directory Project

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. Wikia (originally Wikicities) is a selective Free web hosting service for Wikis (or Wiki farm) operated by Wikia Inc The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic