State of Kansas
Flag of Kansas Seal Nickname(s): The Sunflower State Motto(s): Ad astra per aspera
Official language(s)	English[1]
Demonym	Kansan
Capital	Topeka
Largest city	Wichita
Area	Ranked 15th in the US
- Total	82,277 sq mi (213,096 km²)
- Width	211 miles (340 km)
- Length	417 miles (645 km)
- % water	0. The flag of the state of Kansas was adopted in 1927 The elements of the state flag includes the state seal and a sunflower The Great Seal of the State of Kansas tells the history of Kansas. This is a list of US state nicknames, including officially adopted Nicknames and other traditional nicknames for individual states of the United States. Here is a list of state Mottos for the states of the United States of America. For other uses see Per aspera ad astra (disambiguation. Per aspera ad astra is a Latin phrase which literally means The United States does not have an Official language; however the majority of the population speaks English as a native language (about 82% English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Washington DC has been the capital of the United States since 1800 Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ This is a list of the largest cities of US states by population Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a complete list of the states of the United States and its major territories ordered by total area, land area, and water area The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 56
- Latitude	37° N to 40° N
- Longitude	94° 35′ W to 102° 3′ W
Population	Ranked 33rd in the US
- Total	2,688,418
- Density	32. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison as of July 1, 2007, according to the This article is a list of the 50 US States ordered by Population density. 9/sq mi  12. 7/km² (40th in the US)
Elevation
- Highest point	Mount Sunflower[2] 4,039 ft  (1,232 m)
- Mean	2,000 ft  (600 m)
- Lowest point	Verdigris River[2] 679 ft  (207 m)
Admission to Union	January 29, 1861 (34th)
Governor	Kathleen Sebelius (D)
Lieutenant Governor	Mark Parkinson (D)
U.S. Senators	Sam Brownback (R) Pat Roberts (R)
Congressional Delegation	List
Time zones
- most of state	Central: UTC-6/-5
- 4 western counties	Mountain: UTC-7/-6
Abbreviations	US-KS
Website	www.kansas.gov

Kansas (IPA: /ˈkænzəs/) is a Midwestern state^[3] in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American "Heartland". Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> Mount Sunflower, although not a true Mountain, is the highest point in the state of Kansas. The Verdigris River is a Tributary of the Arkansas River in southeastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of U Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Kathleen Sebelius (née Gilligan)(born May 15, 1948) is currently serving as the 44th Governor of Kansas. This is a complete and current List of United States Lieutenant Governors. Mark V Parkinson (born June 24, 1957) is an American lawyer businessman and Democratic politician who is the current Lieutenant Governor The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Samuel Dale Brownback (born September 12 1956) is the senior United States Senator from the U Charles Patrick "Pat" Roberts (born April 20 1936 is the junior United States Senator from Kansas. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses These are tables of congressional delegations from Kansas to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. This is a list of United States of America States by time zone The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving Daylight saving time ( DST The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-7) during the shortest days of autumn Daylight saving time ( DST The traditional abbreviations for US states and territories were widely used in mailing addresses prior to the introduction of two-letter U ISO 3166-2US is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to the United States of America. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The Central United States is sometimes conceived as between the Eastern United States and Western United States as part of a three-region model roughly coincident The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Heartland is used in geography to refer to the central areas of a country It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa tribe, who inhabited the area. The Kansas River (also known as the Kaw) is a River in northeastern Kansas in the United States. The Kaw (or Kanza) are an American Indians people of the central Midwestern United States. ^[4] The tribe's name (natively kką:ze) is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south wind", although this was probably not the term's original meaning. ^[5][6] Residents of Kansas are called "Kansans".

Historically, the area was home to large numbers of nomadic Native Americans that hunted bison. Nomadic people, (from the νομάδες nomádes, "those who let pasture herds" also known as nomads, are communities of people that Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States This is an article about an animal For other uses see Bison (disambiguation. It was first settled by European Americans in the 1830s, but the pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery issue. When officially opened to settlement by the U. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands repealed the Missouri Compromise of S. government in 1854, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine if Kansas would become a free state or a slave state. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the Slavery in the United States began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia in 1607 and lasted until the passage of the Thirteenth Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee The free states of the United States existed in opposition to the Slave states prior to the American Civil War. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. Bleeding Kansas, sometimes referred to in history as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a series of violent events involving Free-Staters The abolitionists eventually prevailed and on January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a free state. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three The free states of the United States existed in opposition to the Slave states prior to the American Civil War. After the Civil War, the population of Kansas exploded when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into productive farmland. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Prairie, from the French prairie ("meadow" "grassland" "pasture" refers to an area of land of low topographic relief that historically Today, Kansas is one of the most productive agricultural states, producing many crops, and leading the nation in wheat and sunflower production most years. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. The sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) is an Annual plant in the family Asteraceae and native to the Americas, with a large flowering

Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Topography 1.2 National parks and historic sites 1.3 Climate 2 History 3 Demographics 3.1 Rural flight 4 Economy 5 Transportation 6 Law and government 6.1 State and local politics 6.2 Federal politics 6.3 State law 6.4 State agencies 7 Important cities and towns 7.1 Northeast Kansas 7.2 Wichita 7.3 Around the state 8 Education 9 Sports in Kansas 9.1 Professional Sports Teams 9.2 College Sports 10 Notable residents 10.1 Landmarks 11 See also 12 References 13 External links

Geography

Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north; Missouri on the east; Oklahoma on the south; and Colorado on the west. Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The state is divided up into 105 counties with 628 cities. Alphabetical list |}Former counties of KansasMarion (1855-1857 One of 36 Original Counties This is a listing of incorporated cities located in the US state of Kansas. It is located equidistant from the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. Distance is a numerical description of how far apart objects are The geographic center of the 48 contiguous states is located in Smith County near Lebanon, Kansas. One of the locations claimed to be the Geographic Center of the Contiguous (or Conterminous United States is pinpointed by a historical marker that is located within a small Smith County (standard abbreviation SM is a County located in the U Lebanon is a city in Smith County, Kansas, United States, in the north central part of the state The geodetic center of North America was located in Osborne County until 1983. Meades Ranch in Kansas is designated as the geodetic base point for the North American Datum of 1927 ( NAD 27) at (39 Osborne County (standard abbreviation OB) is a county located in the State of Kansas. This spot was used until that date as the central reference point for all maps of North America produced by the U. S. government. The geographic center of Kansas is located in Barton County. Barton County (county code BT) is a county located in Central Kansas, in the Central United States.

Topography

The western two thirds of the state, lying in the great central plain of the United States, has a generally flat or undulating surface. The Great Plains are the broad expanse of Prairie and Steppe which lie east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada However, the eastern third has many hills and forests. The land displays a gradual slope up from east to west; its altitude above the sea ranges from 684 ft (208 m) along the Verdigris River at Coffeyville in Montgomery County, to 4,039 ft (1,231 m) at Mount Sunflower, one half mile from the Colorado border, in Wallace County. The Verdigris River is a Tributary of the Arkansas River in southeastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma Coffeyville is a City situated along the Verdigris River in the southeastern part of Montgomery County, located in Southeast Kansas Montgomery County (county code MG) is a county located in southeast Kansas, in the Central United States. Mount Sunflower, although not a true Mountain, is the highest point in the state of Kansas. Wallace County (standard abbreviation WA) is a County located in the U

The Missouri River forms nearly 75 mi (121 km) of the state's northeastern boundary. Note for the Spring River located in south-central Missouri and north-central Arkansas see Spring River (Arkansas. The Kansas River (locally known as the Kaw), formed by the junction of the Smoky Hill and Republican rivers at appropriately-named Junction City, joins the Missouri at Kansas City, after a course of 170 mi (270 km) across the northeastern part of the state. The Kansas River (also known as the Kaw) is a River in northeastern Kansas in the United States. The Smoky Hill River is a River in the US states of Colorado and Kansas. Junction City is a city in Geary County, Kansas, United States. Kansas City Kansas. Items for the metro area should also go to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area page Items for Kansas City Missouri The Arkansas River (pronounced AR-kan-sas), rising in Colorado, flows with a bending course for nearly 500 mi (800 km) across the western and southern parts of the state. The Arkansas River is a major Tributary of the Mississippi River. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. It forms, with its tributaries (the Little Arkansas, Ninnescah, Walnut, Cow Creek, Cimarron, Verdigris, and the Neosho), the southern drainage system of the state. The Little Arkansas River (pronounced ahr-KAN-zez is a 90 mi (145 km long river located in South Central Kansas. Cow Creek is a large Stream in Rice County, Kansas. From Lyons Kansas, it is four miles west and one mile south The Cimarron River extends 698 miles (1123 km across New Mexico, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Kansas. The Neosho River is a Tributary of the Arkansas River in eastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma in the Other important rivers are the Saline and Solomon River's, tributaries of the Smoky Hill River; the Big Blue, Delaware, and Wakarusa, which flow into the Kansas River; and the Marais des Cygnes, a tributary of the Missouri River. The Saline River is a river in Kansas. The river is reported to be not very salinated above Salt Creek in Russell County Kansas. For the stream that flows from Johnson County Kansas through Kansas City that is often referred to as the Big Blue see Blue River (Missouri The The Delaware River is an important Kansas river located in the north-eastern part of the state The Wakarusa River is a tributary of the Kansas River, approximately 50 mi (80 km long in eastern Kansas in the United States. The Marais des Cygnes River (pronounced /məˈri də siːn/, /mɛr də ziːn/, or /məˈrei də sein/) is a principal Tributary of the Osage

National parks and historic sites

Areas under the protection of the National Park Service include:

• Brown v. Board Of Education National Historic Site in Topeka
• California National Historic Trail
• Fort Larned National Historic Site in Larned
• Fort Scott National Historic Site
• Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
• Nicodemus National Historic Site at Nicodemus
• Oregon National Historic Trail
• Pony Express National Historic Trail
• Santa Fe National Historic Trail
• Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve near Strong City

Climate

Kansas contains three climate types, according to the Köppen climate classification: humid continental, semiarid steppe, and humid subtropical. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation Brown v Board of Education National Historic Site was established in Topeka Kansas, on October 26, 1992, by the United States The California Trail was a major overland Emigrant route across the Western United States from Missouri to California in the middle 19th Fort Larned National Historic Site, located just west of Larned, Kansas, United States, commemorates Fort Larned, which was established in 1859 Larned is a city in and the County seat of Pawnee County, Kansas, United States. Fort Scott National Historic Site protects 20 historic structures a parade ground and five acres (20000 m² of restored Tallgrass prairie in Bourbon County The Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail is part of the National Trails System Nicodemus National Historic Site, located in Nicodemus, Kansas, United States, preserves protects and interprets the only remaining western town established Nicodemus Kansas is a small unincorporated community in Graham County in North Central Kansas, located 2000 ft (610 m above sea level in the middle of Pioneers traveled across the Oregon Trail, one of the main overland migration routes on the North American Continent, in wagons in order to settle new parts of the The Pony Express was a fast Mail service crossing the North American continent from St The Santa Fe Trail was a Historic 19th century transportation route through southwestern North America connecting Missouri with Santa Fe Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve is a United States National Preserve located in the Flint Hills region of Kansas. Strong City is a city in Chase County, Kansas, United States. The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist The eastern two-thirds of the state has a humid continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers. The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between Most of the precipitation falls in the summer and spring. The western third of the state has a semiarid steppe climate. A Semi-arid climate or steppe climate generally describes climatic regions that receive low annual Rainfall (250-500 mm or 10-20 in In physical Geography, a steppe ( German, from степь - "a flat and arid land" степ - /stɛp/ тал - tal дала - /dɑlɑ/ pronounced Summers are hot, often very hot. Winters are cold in the northwest and cool to mild in the southwest. Also, the western region is semiarid, receiving an average of only about 16 inches (40 cm) of precipitation per year. Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. Chinook winds in the winter can warm western Kansas all the way into the 80°F (25°C) range. Chinook winds, often just called chinooks commonly refers to Foehn winds ref> in the interior West of North America, where the Canadian Prairies and The far south-central and southeastern reaches of the state have a humid subtropical climate, with long, hot summers, short, mild winters, and much more precipitation than the rest of the state. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of

Precipitation ranges from about 46 inches (1200 mm) annually in the southeast of the state, to about 16 inches (400 mm) in the southwest. Snowfall ranges from around 5 inches (130 mm) in the fringes of the south, to 35 inches (900 mm) in the far northwest. Frost-free days range from more than 200 days in the south, to 130 days in the northwest. Thus, Kansas is the 9th or 10th sunniest state in the country, depending on the source. Western Kansas is as sunny as parts of California and Arizona.

In spite of the frequent sunshine throughout much of the state, the state is also vulnerable to strong thunderstorms, especially in the spring. Many of these storms become Supercell thunderstorms. A supercell is a severe thunderstorm with a deep continuously rotating updraft (a Mesocyclone) These can spawn tornadoes, often of F3 strength or higher. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus The Fujita scale ( F-Scale) or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating Tornado intensity based on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures According to statistics from the National Climatic Data Center, Kansas has reported more tornadoes (for the period 1st January 1950 through to 31st October 2006) than any state except for Texas - marginally even more than Oklahoma. The United States National Climatic Data Center ( NCDC) in Asheville, North Carolina is the world's largest active Archive of Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. It has also - along with Alabama - reported more F5 tornadoes than any other state. Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. The Fujita scale ( F-Scale) or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating Tornado intensity based on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures These are the most powerful of all tornadoes. Kansas averages over 50 tornadoes annually. ^[7]

According to NOAA, the all time highest temperature recorded in Kansas is 121°F (49. 4°C) on July 24, 1936, near Alton, and the all time low is -40°F (-40°C) on February 13, 1905, near Lebanon.

Kansas' all time record high of 121°F (49. 4°C) ties with North Dakota for the fifth-highest all-time record high recorded in a state, behind California (134°F/56. North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. 7°C), Arizona (128°F/53. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. 3°C), Nevada (125°F/51. Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. 7°C), and New Mexico (122°F/50°C). New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America.

Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various Kansas Cities
City	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Concordia	36/17	43/22	54/31	64/41	74/52	85/62	91/67	88/66	80/56	68/44	51/30	40/21
Dodge City	41/19	48/24	57/31	67/41	76/52	87/62	93/67	91/66	82/56	70/44	54/30	44/22
Goodland	39/16	45/20	53/26	63/35	72/46	84/56	89/61	87/60	78/50	66/38	50/25	41/18
Topeka	37/17	44/23	56/33	66/43	75/53	84/63	89/68	88/65	80/56	69/44	53/32	41/22
Wichita	40/20	47/25	57/34	67/44	76/54	87/64	93/69	92/68	82/59	70/47	54/34	43/24
[3]

History

Main article: History of Kansas

For millennia, the land that is presently Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. The history of Kansas is rich with the lore of the American Old West. A millennium (pl millennia) is a period of Time equal to one thousand Years (from Latin la mille, thousand and la annum Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The first European to set foot in present-day Kansas was Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, who explored the area in 1541. Francisco Vázquez de Coronado y Luján (Born in 1510 &ndash Died on September 22 1554 was a Spanish Conquistador, who visited New Mexico and other In 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. For the film see Louisiana Purchase (film. The Louisiana Purchase (French Vente de la Louisiane "Louisiana Sale" Southwest Kansas, however, was still a part of Spain, Mexico, and the Republic of Texas until the conclusion of the Mexican-American War in 1848. From 1812 to 1821, Kansas was part of the Missouri Territory. The Missouri Territory was a historic Organized territory in the United States. The Santa Fe Trail traversed Kansas from 1821 to 1880, transporting manufactured goods from Missouri and silver and furs from Santa Fe, New Mexico. The Santa Fe Trail was a Historic 19th century transportation route through southwestern North America connecting Missouri with Santa Fe Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. Wagon ruts from the trail are still visible in the prairie today.

In 1827, Fort Leavenworth became the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state. Fort Leavenworth is a United States Army facility located in Leavenworth County Kansas (just north of the city of Leavenworth) in the upper northeast The Kansas-Nebraska Act became law on May 30, 1854, establishing the U.S. territories of Nebraska and Kansas, and opening the area to broader settlement by whites. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands repealed the Missouri Compromise of Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Kansas Territory stretched all the way to the Continental Divide and included the sites of present-day Denver, Colorado Springs, and Pueblo. The Territory of Kansas was an Organized territory of the United States that existed from May 30 1854 until January 29 1861 when Kansas became the 34th The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States The City of Colorado Springs is a Home Rule Municipality that is the County seat and most populous city of El Paso County, Colorado, The City of Pueblo (ˈpwɛbloʊ is a Home Rule Municipality that is the County seat and the most populous city of Pueblo County

Missouri and Arkansas sent settlers into Kansas all along its eastern border. The Lawrence Massacre, also known as Quantrill's Raid, was a rebel guerrilla attack during the U Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the US State of Kansas and the County seat of Douglas County. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. These settlers attempted to sway votes in favor of slavery. The secondary settlement of Americans in Kansas Territory were abolitionists from Massachusetts and other Free-Staters, who attempted to stop the spread of slavery from neighboring Missouri. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Directly presaging the American Civil War, these forces collided, entering into skirmishes that earned the territory the name of Bleeding Kansas. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Bleeding Kansas, sometimes referred to in history as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a series of violent events involving Free-Staters Kansas was admitted to the United States as a free state on January 29, 1861, making it the 34th state to enter the Union. History See also Orange Free State Geography The Free State is situated on flat boundless plains in the heart of South Africa Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common By that time the violence in Kansas had largely subsided. However, during the Civil War, on August 21, 1863, William Quantrill led several hundred men on a raid into Lawrence, destroying much of the city and killing nearly two hundred people. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common William Clarke Quantrill ( July 31 1837 &ndash June 6 1865) was a Confederate guerrilla leader during the American Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the US State of Kansas and the County seat of Douglas County. Until the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Quantrill's raid was the single bloodiest act of domestic terrorism in America. The Alfred P Murrah Federal Building was a United States Federal Government complex located at 200 N Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the US state of Oklahoma. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion He was roundly condemned by both the conventional confederate military and the partisan rangers commissioned by the Missouri legilature. His application to that body for a commission was flatly rejected due to his pre war criminal record. (see, Jones, Gray Ghosts and Rebel Riders Holt & Co. 1956, p. 76)

After the Civil War, many veterans constructed homesteads in Kansas. Many African Americans also looked to Kansas as the land of "John Brown," and led by men like Benjamin "Pap" Singleton began establishing black colonies in the state. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery Benjamin "Pap" Singleton ( 1809 - 1892) was a former slave who became a leader in the "Great Exodus" of thousands of blacks from the South to the At the same time, the Chisholm Trail was opened and the Wild West era commenced in Kansas. The Chisholm Trail was a dirt Trail used in the later 19th century to drive cattle overland from ranches in Texas to Kansas Railheads The trail stretched Wild Bill Hickok was a deputy marshal at Fort Riley and a marshal at Hays and Abilene. James Butler Hickok ( May 27, 1837 &ndash August 2, 1876) better known as Wild Bill Hickok, was a figure in the American Old Fort Riley is a United States Army installation located in Northeast Kansas, on the Kansas River, between Junction City Hays is a city in Ellis County, Kansas, near the intersection of Interstate 70 and U Abilene is a city in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States, 163 miles (262 km west of Kansas City. Dodge City was another wild cowboy town, and both Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp worked as lawmen in the town. For the 1939 Western movie, see Dodge City (1939 film. Dodge City is a City and County seat of Ford William Barclay "Bat" Masterson ( November 26, 1853 &ndash October 25, 1921) was a figure of the American Old West Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp ( March 19, 1848 &ndash January 13, 1929) was an American farmer Teamster, sometime buffalo In one year alone, 8 million head of cattle from Texas boarded trains in Dodge City bound for the East, earning Dodge the nickname "Queen of the Cowtowns. " In part as a response to the violence perpetrated by cowboys, on February 19, 1881, Kansas became the first U. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common S. state to adopt a Constitutional amendment prohibiting all alcoholic beverages.

Demographics

Historical populations
Census	Pop.		%±
1860	107,206		—
1870	364,399		239. 9%
1880	996,096		173. 4%
1890	1,428,108		43. 4%
1900	1,470,495		3. 0%
1910	1,690,949		15. 0%
1920	1,769,257		4. 6%
1930	1,880,999		6. 3%
1940	1,801,028		-4. 3%
1950	1,905,299		5. 8%
1960	2,178,611		14. 3%
1970	2,246,578		3. 1%
1980	2,363,679		5. 2%
1990	2,477,574		4. 8%
2000	2,688,418		8. 5%
Est. 2007	2,775,997		3. 3%

As of 2007, Kansas has an estimated population of 2,775,997, which is an increase of 20,180, or 0. A population pyramid, also called age-sex pyramid and age structure diagram, is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a 7%, from the prior year and an increase of 87,579, or 3. 3%, since the year 2000. ^[8] This includes a natural increase since the last census of 93,899 people (that is 246,484 births minus 152,585 deaths) and a decrease due to net migration of 20,742 people out of the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 44,847 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 65,589 people. American immigration ( emigration to the United States of America) refers to the movement of non-residents to the United States. ^[9] The center of population of Kansas is located in Chase County, at 38°27′N, 96°32′W, approximately three miles north of the community of Strong City. In Demographics, the center of population of a region is the geographical point nearest to all the inhabitants of that region on average Chase County (county code CS) is a county located in Central Kansas, in the Central United States. Strong City is a city in Chase County, Kansas, United States. ^[10]

Demographics of Kansas (csv) By race White Black AIAN* Asian NHPI* 2000 (total population) 91. 19% 6. 41% 1. 78% 2. 10% 0. 12% 2000 (Hispanic only) 6. 63% 0. 23% 0. 19% 0. 05% 0. 02% 2005 (total population) 90. 87% 6. 60% 1. 67% 2. 45% 0. 12% 2005 (Hispanic only) 7. 89% 0. 28% 0. 20% 0. 06% 0. 02% Growth 2000–05 (total population) 1. 74% 5. 04% -4. 13% 19. 15% 3. 43% Growth 2000–05 (non-Hispanic only) 0. 19% 4. 28% -5. 09% 19. 19% 2. 86% Growth 2000–05 (Hispanic only) 21. 51% 25. 88% 3. 71% 17. 69% 5. 86% * AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

As of 2004, the population included 149,800 foreign-born (5. 5% of the state population). The largest reported ancestries in the state are: German (25. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry 9%), Irish (11. Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland. 5%), English (10. 8%), American (8. The ancestry of the people of the United States is widely varied and includes descendants of Populations from around the World, some presumably extinct 8%), French (3. French Americans or Franco-Americans are citizens or permanent residents of the United States of French descent 1%), and Swedish (2. Swedish Americans are Americans of Swedish descent most often related to the large groups of immigrants from Sweden in the late nineteenth century and early 4%). ^[11] People of German ancestry are especially strong in the northwest, while those of British ancestry and descendants of white Americans from other states are especially strong in the southeast. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English Mexicans are present in the southwest and make up nearly half the population in certain counties. See also History of Mexican-Americans Mexican Americans are Americans of Mexican ancestry Many African Americans in Kansas are descended from the Exodusters, newly freed blacks who fled the South for land in Kansas following the Civil War. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Exodusters was a name given to black Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880

See Also British American and German-American

Rural flight

Urban and rural populations

Kansas is one of the slowest-growing states in the nation. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry Known as a rural exodus, the last few decades have been marked by a migratory pattern out of the countryside into cities. Rural exodus (or rural flight) is a term used to describe the migratory patterns that normally occur in a region following the mechanisation of Agriculture.

Out of all the cities in these Midwestern states, 89% have fewer than 3000 people, and hundreds of those have fewer than 1000. In Kansas alone, there are more than 6,000 ghost towns, according to one Kansas historian. A ghost town is a Town or City that has been abandoned usually because the economic activity that supported it has failed or due to natural or human-caused

At the same time, some of the communities in Johnson County (metropolitan Kansas City) are among the fastest growing in the country.

Economy

Top 9 Kansas Employers (by number of employees)[12] Rank Business Employees Location #1 Spirit AeroSystems 21,000 Wichita #2 Cessna 13,000 Wichita #3 Fort Riley 12,500 Riley County #4 Raytheon 9,500 Wichita #5 Scanlon's LLC 6,000 Leavenworth #6 University of Kansas Medical Center 5,000 Kansas City #7 Via Christi St. Spirit AeroSystems Inc ("Spirit") based in Wichita Kansas, is the world's largest first-tier Aerostructures manufacturer Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. The Cessna Aircraft Company is an airplane manufacturing corporation headquartered in Wichita, Kansas. Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. Fort Riley is a United States Army installation located in Northeast Kansas, on the Kansas River, between Junction City Riley County (standard abbreviation RL) is a county located in the U Raytheon Company ( is a major American Defense contractor and industrial corporation with core Manufacturing concentrations in Defense systems Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. A limited liability company (abbreviated LLC or LLC) in the law of the vast majority of the United States is a legal form of business Company The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City Kansas City Kansas. Items for the metro area should also go to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area page Items for Kansas City Missouri Joseph Hospital 5,000 Wichita #8 Via Christi St. Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. Francis Hospital 3,300 Wichita #9 Kansas State University 3,030 Manhattan

The 2003 gross domestic product of Kansas was US$97 billion, an increase of 4. Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. Kansas State University, commonly shortened to K-State, is an institution of higher learning located in Manhattan, Kansas, in the United States Manhattan is a city in Pottawatomie and Riley counties in the northeastern part of the U 3% over the prior year, but trailing the national average increase of 4. 8%. Its per-capita income was US$29,438. The December 2003 unemployment rate was 4. 9%. The agricultural outputs of the state are cattle, sheep, wheat, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, hogs, corn, and salt. Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as Fodder plants either cultivated or as part Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Pigs, also called hogs or' swine', are Ungulates which have been domesticated as sources of food leather and similar products since ancient times Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Eastern Kansas is part of the Grain Belt, an area of major grain production in the central United States. Grain Belt The Grain Belt is an informal name for a United States region composed of the Prairie -region states across the northern Midwest The industrial outputs are transportation equipment, commercial and private aircraft, food processing, publishing, chemical products, machinery, apparel, petroleum and mining.

Kansas ranks 8th in U. S. oil production. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Production has experienced a steady, natural decline as it becomes increasingly difficult to extract oil over time. Since oil prices bottomed in 1999, oil production in Kansas has remained fairly constant, with an average monthly rate of about 2. 8 million barrels (450,000 m³) in 2004. The recent higher prices have made carbon dioxide sequestration and other oil recovery techniques more economical. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single

Kansas ranks 8th in U. S. natural gas production. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Production has steadily declined since the mid-1990’s with the depletion of the Hugoton Natural Gas Field—the state's largest field which extends into Oklahoma and Texas. Hugoton Natural Gas Area is a combination of large natural gas fields in the U In 2004, slower declines in the Hugoton gas fields and increased coalbed methane production contributed to a smaller overall decline. Coalbed methane (CBM is a form of Natural gas extracted from coal beds Average monthly production was over 32 billion cubic feet (0. 9 km³).

Kansas has three income brackets for income tax calculation, ranging from 3. 5% to 6. 45%. The state sales tax in Kansas is 5. 3%. Various cities and counties in Kansas have an additional local sales tax. Except during the 2001 recession (March–November 2001) when monthly sales tax collections were flat, collections have trended higher as the economy has grown and two rate increases have been enacted. A recession is a contraction phase of the Business cycle. The U Total sales tax collections for 2003 amounted to $1. 63 billion, compared to $805. 3 million in 1990.

Revenue shortfalls resulting from lower than expected tax collections and slower growth in personal income following a 1998 permanent tax reduction has contributed to the substantial growth in the state's debt level as bonded debt increased from $1. 16 billion in 1998 to $3. 83 billion in 2006. Some increase in debt was expected as the state continues with its 10-year Comprehensive Transportation Program enacted in 1999. As of June 2004, Moody's Investors Service ranked the state 14th for net tax-supported debt per capita. Moody's Corporation ( is the holding company for Moody's Investors Service which performs financial research and analysis on commercial and government entities As a percentage of personal income, it was at 3. 8%—above the median value of 2. 5% for all rated states and having risen from a value of less than 1% in 1992. The state has a statutory requirement to maintain cash reserves of at least 7. 5% of expenses at the end of each fiscal year.

Major company headquarters in Kansas include the Sprint Nextel Corporation (with operational headquarters in Overland Park), Embarq (with national headquarters in Overland Park), YRC Corp Overland Park, Garmin in Olathe, Payless Shoes (National headquarters and major distribution facilities in Topeka), and Koch Industries (with national headquarters in Wichita). Sprint Nextel Corporation ( is a Telecommunications company based in Overland Park, Kansas. Overland Park is the second most populous city in the US state of Kansas. Embarq Corporation, or EMBARQ is the fourth largest Local exchange carrier in the United States (below the Baby Bells) and the largest independent Overland Park is the second most populous city in the US state of Kansas. Overland Park is the second most populous city in the US state of Kansas. Olathe (oʊˈleɪθə is a city located in the northeast part of the U Payless ShoeSource is a discount footwear retailer that was founded in 1956 in Topeka Kansas. Koch Industries Inc (pronounced "koke" is a private corporation based in Wichita, Kansas with subsidiaries involved in manufacturing trading and Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County.

Transportation

Kansas is served by two Interstate highways with one beltway, two spur routes, and three bypasses, with over a total of 874 miles (1,407 km) in all. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) A spur route is a short Road forming a branch from a longer more important route (typically a major road Freeway, Interstate Highway or Motorway A bypass is a Road or Highway that avoids or "bypasses" a built-up area town or village to let through Traffic flow without interference from The first section of Interstate in the nation was opened on I-70 just west of Topeka on November 14, 1956. Interstate 70 enters flat plains in Kansas This portion of I-70 was the first segment to start being paved and to be completed in the interstate system Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. I-70 is a major east/west route connecting to St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri, in the east and Denver, Colorado, in the west. Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States Cities along this route (from east to west) include Kansas City, Lawrence, Topeka, Junction City, Salina, Hays, and Colby. Kansas City Kansas. Items for the metro area should also go to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area page Items for Kansas City Missouri Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the US State of Kansas and the County seat of Douglas County. Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ Junction City is a city in Geary County, Kansas, United States. Salina (pronounced /səˈlaɪnə/) is a city in and the County seat of Saline County, Kansas, United States. Hays is a city in Ellis County, Kansas, near the intersection of Interstate 70 and U Colby, advertised as "The Oasis on the Plains" is the County seat of and largest city in Thomas County, Kansas, United States, with I-35 is a major north/south route connecting to Des Moines, Iowa, in the north and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in the south. In the US state of Kansas, Interstate 35 follows the Kansas Turnpike from the Oklahoma state line north and northeast to Emporia Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the US state of Oklahoma. Cities along this route (from north to south) include Kansas City (and suburbs), Ottawa, Emporia, El Dorado, and Wichita. Ottawa is a City situated along the Marais des Cygnes River in the central part of Franklin County, located in east-central Kansas, in the central Emporia is a city in and the County seat of Lyon County, Kansas, United States. El Dorado is a City situated along the Walnut River in the central part of Butler County, located in south-central Kansas, in the Central Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County.

Spur routes serve as connections between the two major routes. I-135, a north/south route, connects I-70 at Salina to I-35 at Wichita. Interstate 135 (abbreviated I-135) is a 957 mile-long Interstate Highway in central and south-central Kansas, USA. I-335, a northeast/southwest route, connects I-70 at Topeka to I-35 at Emporia. Interstate 335 (abbreviated I-335) is the name of a 501 mile (80 I-335 and portions of I-35 and I-70 make up the Kansas Turnpike. The Kansas Turnpike is a 236-mile (380-km Freeway -standard Toll road that lies entirely within the U Bypasses include I-470 around Topeka and I-235 around Wichita. Interstate 470 (abbreviated I-470) is a 1372 mile loop highway in Topeka Kansas that bypasses the downtown area Interstate 235 (abbreviated I-235) in Kansas is a 1652 mile-long north-south bypass spur route of Interstate 35 that travels through the western part of I-435 is a beltway around the Kansas City Metropolitan Area while I-635 bypasses through Kansas City, Kansas. Interstate 435 (abbreviated I-435) is an Interstate Highway Beltway that encircles much of the Kansas City Missouri Metropolitan Area in the Interstate 635 (abbreviated I-635) is a connector highway between Interstate 35 in Overland Park Kansas and Interstate 29 in

US Route 69 runs north and south, from Minnesota to Texas. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The highway passes through the eastern section of Kansas, from the Kansas City area, through Louisburg, Fort Scott, Frontenac, Pittsburg, and Baxter Springs before entering Oklahoma. Louisburg is the name of some places in the United States of America and Canada: Louisbourg Nova Scotia, Canada (often misspelled "Louisburg" Fort Scott is a city in Bourbon County, Kansas, United States, 88 miles (158 km south of Kansas City, on the Marmaton River. Frontenac is a city in Crawford County, Kansas, United States, in the southeastern part of the state Pittsburg is a city in Crawford County, in Southeast Kansas, United States. Baxter Springs is a City situated along the Spring River in the extreme southeastern part of Cherokee County, located in southeast Kansas Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America.

Kansas also has the second largest state highway system in the country after California. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. This is because of the high number of counties and county seats (105) and the inter-twineing of them all. A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. However, if the Farm to Market Roads of Texas are counted, Texas would have the largest state highway system in the country. In the United States, a farm-to-market road or ranch-to-market road (sometimes farm road or ranch road for short is a State road Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State.

In January 2004, the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) announced the new Kansas 511 traveler information service. The Kansas Department of Transportation ( KDOT) is a state government organization in charge of maintaining public roadways of the U 5-1-1, initially designated for Road Weather information is a Transportation and Traffic information ^[13] By dialing 511, callers will get access to information about road conditions, construction, closures, detours and weather conditions for the state highway system. Weather and road condition information is updated every 15 minutes. The elaborate and efficient transportation system in Kansas has attracted praise from experts nationwide, including the former Mayor of New York City, Ed Koch, who frequents Kansas roadways.

The state's only major commercial airport is Wichita Mid-Continent Airport, located along US-54 on the western edge of the city. Wichita Mid-Continent Airport is a commercial Airport located in southwest Wichita, in Sedgwick County, Kansas, USA. US Route 54 is an east-west United States highway that runs northeast-southwest for 1197 miles (1926 km from western Illinois to El Paso Texas Most air travelers in eastern Kansas fly out of Kansas City International Airport, located in Platte County, Missouri. Kansas City International Airport, originally named Mid-Continent International Airport Platte County is a County located in the US state of Missouri. For those in the far western part of the state, Denver International Airport is a popular option. Denver International Airport, often called DIA, is by land size at, the largest international Airport in the United States, and the second largest Connecting flights are available from smaller airports in Dodge City, Garden City, Great Bend, Hays, Manhattan, Salina, and Topeka.

Law and government

State and local politics

See also: List of Governors of Kansas

The top executives of the state are Democratic Governor Kathleen Sebelius and Lieutenant Governor Mark Parkinson. List of governors The Governor of Kansas holds the "supreme executive power" of the State of Kansas as provided by the first article of the Kansas Constitution. Kathleen Sebelius (née Gilligan)(born May 15, 1948) is currently serving as the 44th Governor of Kansas. The Kansas Democratic Party is the state affiliate Political party of the national Democratic Party in Kansas. The Governor of Kansas holds the "supreme executive power" of the State of Kansas as provided by the first article of the Kansas Constitution. Kathleen Sebelius (née Gilligan)(born May 15, 1948) is currently serving as the 44th Governor of Kansas. Mark V Parkinson (born June 24, 1957) is an American lawyer businessman and Democratic politician who is the current Lieutenant Governor Both officials are elected on the same ticket to a maximum of two consecutive 4-year terms. Parkinson replaced John E. Moore who served as Lt. John E Moore (born in Charleston West Virginia) is an American politician Governor during Sebelius's first term which ended on January 8, 2007. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Sebelius will not be up for re-election in 2010. The state's Attorney General is Democrat Stephen Six, a former Douglas County District Court Judge who was appointed to the post. The Attorney General of Kansas is a statewide elected official responsible for providing legal services to the state government of Kansas. Stephen N Six (born December 11, 1965) is an American Attorney and former Judge from Kansas.

The legislative branch of the state government is the Kansas Legislature. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The Kansas Legislature is the state legislature of the US state of Kansas. The bicameral body consists of the Kansas House of Representatives, with 125 members serving two year terms, and the Kansas Senate, with 40 members serving four year terms. In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral The Kansas House of Representatives is the Lower house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U The Kansas Senate is the Upper house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U

State symbols

Amphibian: Barred Tiger Salamander Animal: Buffalo Fish: Channel Catfish Bird: Western Meadowlark Flower: Sunflower Insect: European honey bee Motto: Ad astra per aspera, or "To the stars through difficulties" Reptile: Ornate Box Turtle Soil: Harney silt loam Song: "Home on the Range" Tree: Cottonwood

Kansas has a reputation as a progressive state with many firsts in legislative initiatives—it was the first state to institute a system of workers' compensation (1910) and to regulate the securities industry (1911). The following is a list of symbols of the US State of Kansas. This is a list of official US state Amphibians. State amphibians are designated by tradition or the respective state legislatures See also The Barred Tiger Salamander ( Ambystoma mavortium) is a Species of Salamander found from southwestern Canada in British Columbia A state mammal is the official or representative Animal of a U The American bison ( Bison bison) is a Bovine Mammal, also commonly known as the American buffalo. This is a list of official and *unofficial US state fish:The only states lacking a state fish as of 2008 are Arkansas Indiana Kansas and Ohio Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, are North America 's most numerous Catfish species This is a list of US state birds as designated by each state's legislature The Western Meadowlark ( Sturnella neglecta) is a medium-sized blackbird, very similar in appearance to the Eastern Meadowlark. In a number of countries plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas The sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) is an Annual plant in the family Asteraceae and native to the Americas, with a large flowering This is a list of United States state insects note that some states have more than one designated insect or have multiple categories (e This page lists state and national Mottos for the world's independent States The mottos for some states lacking general international recognition and This is a list of official US state reptiles: See also Lists of United States state insignia The box turtle or box tortoise is one of several Species of Turtle. This is a list of Representative US State Soils. A state soil is a Soil that has special significance to a particular state. Introduction Forty-nine states of the United States (all except New Jersey) have one or more state songs, selected by the state "Home on the Range" is the State song of Kansas. Dr Brewster M In a number of countries plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas The cottonwoods are three species of Poplars in the section Aegiros of the genus Populus, native to North America, Europe and western Workers' compensation (colloquially known as workers' comp in North America or compo in Australia) a form of Insurance that provides A security is a Fungible, Negotiable instrument representing financial value Kansas was also one of the first states to permit women's suffrage in 1912. Suffrage in all states would not be guaranteed until ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920. The Nineteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIX) to the United States Constitution prohibits each of the states and the federal government from The council-manager government was adopted by many larger Kansas cities in the years following World War I while many American cities were being run by political machines or organized crime. In the council-manager form of government an elected city council (typically between five and 11 people is responsible for making Policy, passing Ordinances voting Appropriations World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A political machine is an unofficial system of a political organization based on Patronage, the Spoils system, "behind-the-scenes" control and longstanding "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate. Kansas was also at the center of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, a 1954 Supreme Court decision that banned racially segregated schools throughout the U. Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, 347 US 483 (1954 was a Landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court, which overturned earlier Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ S.

Since the 1960s, Kansas has grown more socially conservative. The 1990s brought new restrictions on abortion, the defeat of prominent Democrats, including Dan Glickman, and the Kansas State Board of Education's 1999 decision to eliminate evolution from the state teaching standards, a decision that was later reversed. An Daniel Robert "Dan" Glickman (born November 24, 1944) served as the United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1995 until 2001 prior to Kansas State Board of Education is Kansas ' Board of Education. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 ^[14] In 2005, voters accepted a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage. Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same The next year, the state passed a law setting a minimum age for marriage at 15 years. ^[15] In 2008, Governor Sebelius vetoed permits for the construction of new coal-fired energy plants in Kansas, saying: "We know that greenhouse gases contribute to climate change. As an agricultural state, Kansas is particularly vulnerable. Therefore, reducing pollutants benefits our state not only in the short term – but also for generations of Kansans to come. " ^[16]

Federal politics

See also: U.S. Congressional Delegations from Kansas

The state's current delegation to the Congress of the United States includes Republican Senators Sam Brownback of Topeka and Pat Roberts of Dodge City and Representatives Jerry Moran (R) of Hays (District 1), Nancy Boyda (D) of Topeka (District 2), Dennis Moore (D) of Lenexa (District 3), and Todd Tiahrt (R) of Goddard (District 4). These are tables of congressional delegations from Kansas to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Samuel Dale Brownback (born September 12 1956) is the senior United States Senator from the U The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Samuel Dale Brownback (born September 12 1956) is the senior United States Senator from the U Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ Charles Patrick "Pat" Roberts (born April 20 1936 is the junior United States Senator from Kansas. For the 1939 Western movie, see Dodge City (1939 film. Dodge City is a City and County seat of Ford Jerry Moran (born May 29, 1954, in Great Bend Kansas) has been a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives Hays is a city in Ellis County, Kansas, near the intersection of Interstate 70 and U District 1 for the United States House of Representatives in the state of Kansas is the eleventh largest Congressional district in the nation Nancy Boyda (born August 2, 1955) is the Democratic congresswoman representing. Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ District 2 for the United States House of Representatives in the state of Kansas is a Congressional district covering most of eastern Kansas Dennis Moore (born November 8, 1945) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives Lenexa is a City in the central part of Johnson County, located in northeast Kansas, in the central United States of America. District 3 for the United States House of Representatives in the state of Kansas is a Congressional district in eastern Kansas Todd Tiahrt (pronounced TEE-hart born June 15, 1951) American politician has been a Republican member of the United States House Goddard is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, in the United States. District 4 for the United States House of Representatives in the state of Kansas is a Congressional district in south central Kansas Kansas has not elected a Democrat to the U. S. Senate since 1932, when Franklin D. Roosevelt won his first term as President in the wake of the Great Depression. This is the longest Senate losing streak for either party in a single state. Senator Sam Brownback was a candidate for the Republican party nomination for President in 2008. Samuel Dale Brownback (born September 12 1956) is the senior United States Senator from the U

Historically, Kansas has been strongly Republican. In fact, the only non-Republicans Kansas has given its electoral vote to are Populist James Weaver and Democrats Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt, and Lyndon Johnson. James Baird Weaver ( June 12, 1833 &ndash February 6, 1912) was a United States Politician and member of the United Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. In 2004, George W. Bush won the state's 6 electoral votes by an overwhelming margin of 25 percentage points with 62% of the vote. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The only two counties to support Democrat John Kerry in that election were Wyandotte, which contains Kansas City, and Douglas, home to the University of Kansas, located at Lawrence. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator Wyandotte County (county code WY) is located in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. Kansas City Kansas. Items for the metro area should also go to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area page Items for Kansas City Missouri Douglas County (county code DG) is located in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the US State of Kansas and the County seat of Douglas County.

State law

See also: Alcohol laws of Kansas

The legal drinking age in Kansas is 21. The alcohol laws of Kansas are among the strictest in the United States, in sharp contrast to its neighboring state of Missouri ( see Alcohol The legal drinking age is a limit assigned by governments to restrict the access of Children and Youth to Alcoholic beverages Legal drinking ages vary from In lieu of the state retail sales tax, a 10% Liquor Drink Tax is collected for liquor consumed on the licensed premises and an 8% Liquor Enforcement Tax is collected on retail purchases. Although the sale of cereal malt beverage (also known as 3.2 beer) was legalized in 1937, the first post-Prohibition legalization of alcoholic liquor did not occur until the state's constitution was amended in 1948. Malt beverage is an American term for both alcoholic and non-alcoholic fermented Beverages in which the primary ingredient is Barley, which has REDIRECT Low-alcohol beer#Low-point beer In the United States, the term Prohibition refers to the period from 1920 to 1933 during which the sale manufacture and transportation of alcohol for consumption The present Constitution of the State of Kansas was originally known as the Wyandotte Constitution to distinguish it from three proposed constitutions that preceded it The following year the Legislature enacted the Liquor Control Act which created a system of regulating, licensing, and taxing, and the Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) was created to enforce the act. The Kansas Legislature is the state legislature of the US state of Kansas. The power to regulate cereal malt beverage remains with the cities and counties. Liquor-by-the-drink did not become legal until passage of an amendment to the state's constitution in 1986 and additional legislation the following year. As of November 2006, Kansas still has 29 dry counties and only 17 counties have passed liquor-by-the-drink with no food sales requirement. A dry county is a County in the United States whose Government forbids the sale of Alcoholic beverages Some prohibit off-premises sale some ^[17] Today there are more than 2600 liquor and 4000 cereal malt beverage licensees in the state. ^[18]

State agencies

The state's investigative branch is the Kansas Bureau of Investigation. The Kansas Bureau of Investigation, or KBI is the criminal investigative arm of the state of Kansas. The Kansas Corporation Commission regulates public utilities, common carriers, oil and gas production, telecommunications companies, and motor carriers. The Kansas Department of Agriculture regulates the supply of meat, milk and eggs among other agricultural goods and services. The Secretary of Agriculture is Adrian Polansky, who heads the department as well as operating Polansky farms.

Important cities and towns

See also: List of cities in Kansas

Cities with population of at least 10,000

	City	Population*	Growth rate**	Metro area
1	Wichita	357,698	0. This is a listing of incorporated cities located in the US state of Kansas. Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. 29%	Wichita
2	Overland Park	166,722	1. Overland Park is the second most populous city in the US state of Kansas. 78%	Kansas City
3	Kansas City	143,801	-0. Kansas City Kansas. Items for the metro area should also go to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area page Items for Kansas City Missouri 34%	Kansas City
4	Topeka	122,113	-0. Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ 13%	Topeka
5	Olathe	114,662	3. Olathe (oʊˈleɪθə is a city located in the northeast part of the U 69%	Kansas City
6	Lawrence	88,605	1. Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the US State of Kansas and the County seat of Douglas County. 68%	Lawrence
7	Shawnee	59,252	3. Shawnee is a rapidly growing city located in northwest Johnson County, Kansas, United States and is a western suburb of Kansas City Missouri 64%	Kansas City
8	Manhattan	50,737	1. Manhattan is a city in Pottawatomie and Riley counties in the northeastern part of the U 83%	‡
9	Salina	46,140	0. Salina (pronounced /səˈlaɪnə/) is a city in and the County seat of Saline County, Kansas, United States. 13%	‡
10	Lenexa	44,520	1. Lenexa is a City in the central part of Johnson County, located in northeast Kansas, in the central United States of America. 71%	Kansas City
11	Hutchinson	41,085	-0. Hutchinson is the largest city in and the County seat of Reno County, Kansas, United States, northwest of Wichita, on the Arkansas 29%	‡
12	Leavenworth	34,993	-0. 23%	Kansas City
13	Leawood	30,702	1. Leawood is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States and is part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. 75%	Kansas City
14	Garden City	27,175	-0. Garden City is a city in Finney County, Kansas, United States. 80%	‡
15	Emporia	26,188	-0. Emporia is a city in and the County seat of Lyon County, Kansas, United States. 40%	‡
16	Dodge City	26,101	0. For the 1939 Western movie, see Dodge City (1939 film. Dodge City is a City and County seat of Ford 54%	‡
17	Prairie Village	21,414	-0. Prairie Village is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States, and is a satellite city of Kansas City Missouri. 49%	Kansas City
18	Derby	21,101	2. Derby is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. Formerly known as El Paso it is a suburb of Wichita. 62%	Wichita
19	Liberal	20,384	0. Liberal is a city in Seward County, Kansas, United States. The population was 19666 at the United States Census 2000. 58%	‡
20	Hays	19,726	-0. Hays is a city in Ellis County, Kansas, near the intersection of Interstate 70 and U 23%	‡
21	Pittsburg	19,120	-0. Pittsburg is a city in Crawford County, in Southeast Kansas, United States. 12%	‡
22	Newton	18,093	0. Newton is a City in and the County seat of Harvey County, Kansas, United States. 34%	Wichita
23	Junction City	16,106	-2. Junction City is a city in Geary County, Kansas, United States. 36%	Manhattan‡
24	Gardner	15,597	10. Gardner is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 9396 17%	Kansas City
25	Great Bend	15,537	0. Great Bend is a City situated along the Arkansas River in the southwestern part of Barton County, located in central Kansas, in the Central 20%	‡
26	McPherson	13,594	-0. McPherson is a city in McPherson County, Kansas, United States, in the central part of the state 23%	‡
27	Ottawa	12,792	1. Ottawa is a City situated along the Marais des Cygnes River in the central part of Franklin County, located in east-central Kansas, in the central 15%	Kansas City
28	El Dorado	12,718	-0. El Dorado is a City situated along the Walnut River in the central part of Butler County, located in south-central Kansas, in the Central 13%	Wichita
29	Winfield	11,741	-0. Winfield is a big but little City situated along the East European Border River in the west-central part of Cowley County, located in South Central Kansas 65%	Winfield-Arkansas City‡
30	Arkansas City	11,416	-0. Arkansas City is a City situated at the confluence of the Arkansas and Walnut rivers in the southwestern part of Cowley County, located in south-central 78%	Arkansas City-Winfield‡
31	Parsons	11,237	-0. Parsons is a City in the northern part of Labette County, located in southeast Kansas, in the Central United States. 36%	‡
32	Merriam	10,773	-0. Merriam is a City in the northeastern part of Johnson County, located in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. 35%	Kansas City
33	Lansing	10,705	1. Lansing is a City situated along the Missouri River in the eastern part of Leavenworth County, located in northeast Kansas, in the 79%	Kansas City
34	Coffeyville	10,387	-0. Coffeyville is a City situated along the Verdigris River in the southeastern part of Montgomery County, located in Southeast Kansas 97%	‡
35	Atchison	10,154	-0. Two views of a pedestrian mall on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison 13%	‡
36	Haysville	10,029	2. Haysville is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. 45%	Wichita
*Estimated as of July 1, 2006[19] **Estimated annual growth rate 2000–2006 ‡Defined as a micropolitan area

Kansas has 627 incorporated cities. Table of United States Micropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical Areas United States Micropolitan Statistical Areas (µSA where the initial Greek letter A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to cities, counties, Towns By state statute, cities are divided into three classes as determined by the population obtained "by any census of enumeration". A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population A city of the third class has a population of less than 5,000, but cities reaching a population of more than 2,000 may be certified as a city of the second class. The second class is limited to cities with a population of less than 25,000, and upon reaching a population of more than 15,000, they may be certified as a city of the first class. First and second class cities are independent of any township and are not included within the township's territory. A civil township is a widely used unit of Local government in the United States, subordinate to a county.

Northeast Kansas

The northeastern portion of the state, extending from the Eastern border to Junction City and from the Nebraska border to south of Johnson County, has a rich history and is home to more than 1. Junction City is a city in Geary County, Kansas, United States. 5 million people in the Kansas City, Lawrence, Topeka, and St. Joseph metropolitan areas. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central In the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, the cities of Johnson County have some of the fastest growing populations and highest median incomes in the state and the entire country. Johnson County (county code JO) is a county located in northeast Kansas, in the central United States of America. Overland Park, a young city incorporated in 1960, has the largest population and the largest land area in the county. Overland Park is the second most populous city in the US state of Kansas. It is home to Johnson County Community College, the state's largest community college, and the corporate campus of Sprint Nextel, the largest private employer in the metro area. Johnson County Community College (often referred to as JCCC is located in Overland Park Kansas. A community college is a type of Educational institution. The term has different meanings in different countries Sprint Nextel Corporation ( is a Telecommunications company based in Overland Park, Kansas. In 2006 the city was ranked as the 6th best place to live in America; the neighboring city of Olathe was 13th. Olathe (oʊˈleɪθə is a city located in the northeast part of the U ^[20] Olathe is the county seat and home to Johnson County Executive Airport. A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Johnson County Executive Airport is a public Airport located four miles (6 km) southeast of the Central business district (CBD of Olathe The cities of Olathe, Shawnee, and Gardner have some of the state's fastest growing populations. Shawnee is a rapidly growing city located in northwest Johnson County, Kansas, United States and is a western suburb of Kansas City Missouri Gardner is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 9396 The cities of Overland Park, Lenexa, Olathe, and Gardner are also notable because they lie along the former route of the Santa Fe Trail. Lenexa is a City in the central part of Johnson County, located in northeast Kansas, in the central United States of America. The Santa Fe Trail was a Historic 19th century transportation route through southwestern North America connecting Missouri with Santa Fe Among cities with at least one thousand residents, Mission Hills has the highest median income in the state. Mission Hills is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States.

Several institutions of higher education are located in Northeast Kansas including Baker University (the first university in the state) in Baldwin City, MidAmerica Nazarene University in Olathe, Ottawa University in Ottawa and Overland Park, Kansas City Kansas Community College and KU Medical Center in Kansas City, and KU Edwards Campus in Overland Park. Baker University is a private residential University located in Baldwin City Kansas, United States. MidAmerica Nazarene University (MNU is a Christian Liberal arts college in Olathe, Kansas. Ottawa University ( OU) is a not-for-profit educational institution in Kansas, affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA. Less than an hour's drive to the west, Lawrence is home to the University of Kansas, the largest public university in the state, and Haskell Indian Nations University. Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the US State of Kansas and the County seat of Douglas County. The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Haskell Indian Nations University is a four year degree granting University in Lawrence Kansas, which offers post-high school education to members of registered

To the north, Kansas City, Kansas, with the second largest land area in the state, contains a number of diverse ethnic neighborhoods. Kansas City Kansas. Items for the metro area should also go to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area page Items for Kansas City Missouri Its attractions include the Kansas Speedway, the Woodlands, and Kansas City T-Bones. Kansas Speedway is a speedway in Kansas City Kansas, adjacent to the Village West area The Kansas City T-Bones are a professional baseball team based in Kansas City Kansas, in the United States. Further up the Missouri River, the city of Lansing is the home of the state's first maximum-security prison. Lansing is a City situated along the Missouri River in the eastern part of Leavenworth County, located in northeast Kansas, in the Historic Leavenworth, founded in 1854, was the first incorporated city in Kansas. North of the city, Fort Leavenworth is the oldest active Army post west of the Mississippi River. Fort Leavenworth is a United States Army facility located in Leavenworth County Kansas (just north of the city of Leavenworth) in the upper northeast The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to The city of Atchison was an early commercial center in the state and is well-known as the birthplace of Amelia Earhart. Two views of a pedestrian mall on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

To the west, nearly a quarter million people reside in the Topeka metropolitan area. Topeka is the state capital and home to Washburn University. Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ Washburn University ( WU) is a co-educational Public, institution of higher learning located in Topeka, Kansas USA. Built at a Kansas River crossing along the old Oregon Trail, this historic city has several nationally registered historic places. The Kansas River (also known as the Kaw) is a River in northeastern Kansas in the United States. Pioneers traveled across the Oregon Trail, one of the main overland migration routes on the North American Continent, in wagons in order to settle new parts of the Further westward along Interstate 70 and the Kansas River is Junction City with its historic limestone and brick buildings and nearby Fort Riley, well-known as the home to the U.S. Army's 1st Infantry Division, also known as the "Big Red One". Interstate 70 enters flat plains in Kansas This portion of I-70 was the first segment to start being paved and to be completed in the interstate system Junction City is a city in Geary County, Kansas, United States. Fort Riley is a United States Army installation located in Northeast Kansas, on the Kansas River, between Junction City The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The 1st Infantry Division of the United States Army &mdashnicknamed “ The Big Red One ” after its Shoulder patch; and also nicknamed " The Fighting The 1st Infantry Division of the United States Army &mdashnicknamed “ The Big Red One ” after its Shoulder patch; and also nicknamed " The Fighting A short distance away, the city of Manhattan is home to Kansas State University, the second largest public university in the state and the nation's oldest land-grant university, dating back to 1863. Manhattan is a city in Pottawatomie and Riley counties in the northeastern part of the U Kansas State University, commonly shortened to K-State, is an institution of higher learning located in Manhattan, Kansas, in the United States South of the campus, Aggieville dates back to 1889 and is the state's oldest shopping district of its kind. Aggieville is the name of six square blocks consisting of college-age oriented bars restaurants and shops in Manhattan Kansas

Wichita

In south-central Kansas, the four-county Wichita metropolitan area is home to nearly 600,000 people. Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. Wichita is the largest city in the state in terms of both land area and population. Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. 'The Air Capital' is a major manufacturing center for the aircraft industry and the home of Wichita State University. Wichita State University (WSU is an American state-supported university located in the city of Wichita Kansas. With a number of nationally registered historic places, museums, and other entertainment destinations, it has a desire to become a cultural mecca in the Midwest. Although Wichita's population growth has been anemic in recent years, surrounding suburbs are among the fastest growing cities in the state. The population of Goddard has grown by more than 11% per year since 2000. Goddard is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, in the United States. ^[19] Other fast-growing cities include Andover, Maize, Park City, Derby, and Haysville. Andover is a city in Butler County, in the Wichita metropolitan area Kansas, United States. Maize is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. It is located in south-central Kansas, near Wichita. Park City is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States; it is a suburb of Wichita. Derby is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. Formerly known as El Paso it is a suburb of Wichita. Haysville is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States.

Up river (the Arkansas River) from Wichita is the city of Hutchinson. The Arkansas River is a major Tributary of the Mississippi River. Hutchinson is the largest city in and the County seat of Reno County, Kansas, United States, northwest of Wichita, on the Arkansas The city was built on one of the world's largest salt deposits, and it has the world's largest and longest wheat elevator. It is also the home of Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center, Prairie Dunes Country Club and the Kansas State Fair. The Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center is a museum and educational facility in Hutchinson Kansas that is best known for the display and restoration of space artifacts North of Wichita along Interstate 135 is the city of Newton, the former western terminal of the Santa Fe Railroad and trailhead for the famed Chisholm Trail. Interstate 135 (abbreviated I-135) is a 957 mile-long Interstate Highway in central and south-central Kansas, USA. Newton is a City in and the County seat of Harvey County, Kansas, United States. The Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, often abbreviated as Santa Fe, was one of the larger railroads in the United States. The Chisholm Trail was a dirt Trail used in the later 19th century to drive cattle overland from ranches in Texas to Kansas Railheads The trail stretched To the southeast of Wichita are the cities of Winfield and Arkansas City with historic architecture and the Cherokee Strip Museum (in Ark City). Winfield is a big but little City situated along the East European Border River in the west-central part of Cowley County, located in South Central Kansas Arkansas City is a City situated at the confluence of the Arkansas and Walnut rivers in the southwestern part of Cowley County, located in south-central The Cherokee Strip of Kansas, in the United States, was a disputed strip of land on the southern border of the state The city of Udall was the site of the deadliest tornado in Kansas on May 25, 1955; it killed 80 people in and near the city. Udall is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. The population was 794 at the 2000 census. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) ^[21] To the southwest of Wichita is Freeport, the state's smallest incorporated city (population 8). Freeport is a city in Harper County, Kansas, United States. At the 2000 census the population was six making it the smallest incorporated city

Around the state

Located midway between Kansas City, Topeka, and Wichita in the heart of the Bluestem Region of the Flint Hills, the city of Emporia has several nationally registered historic places and is the home of Emporia State University, well-known for its Teachers College. The Flint Hills, historically known as Bluestem Pastures or Blue Stem Hills, are a band of hills in eastern Kansas stretching into north-central Oklahoma Emporia is a city in and the County seat of Lyon County, Kansas, United States. Emporia State University or ESU (formerly Kansas State Teacher's College is a university in the city of Emporia in Lyon County Kansas, just east It was also the home of newspaper man William Allen White. William Allen White (February 10 1868 &ndash January 31 1944 was a renowned American Newspaper editor, politician and author

Southeast Kansas

Southeast Kansas has a unique history with a number of nationally registered historic places in this coal-mining region. Southeast Kansas is a Region of the US state of Kansas. It can be roughly defined by Woodson County in the northwest Bourbon Located in Crawford County (dubbed the Fried Chicken Capital of Kansas), Pittsburg is the largest city in the region and the home of Pittsburg State University. Crawford County (county code CR) is a county located in Southeast Kansas in the United States. Pittsburg is a city in Crawford County, in Southeast Kansas, United States. Pittsburg State University, also called Pitt State or PSU, is a Public university with approximately 7100 students (5900 undergraduates and 1200 graduate The neighboring city of Frontenac in 1888 was the site of the worst mine disaster in the state in which an underground explosion killed 47 miners. Frontenac is a city in Crawford County, Kansas, United States, in the southeastern part of the state "Big Brutus" is located a mile and a half outside the city of West Mineral. Big Brutus is the nickname of the Bucyrus-Erie model 1850B electric shovel, which was the second largest West Mineral is a city in Cherokee County, Kansas, United States. Along with the restored fort, historic Fort Scott has a national cemetery designated by President Lincoln in 1862. Fort Scott is a city in Bourbon County, Kansas, United States, 88 miles (158 km south of Kansas City, on the Marmaton River.

Central and North-Central Kansas

Salina is the largest city in central and north-central Kansas. Salina (pronounced /səˈlaɪnə/) is a city in and the County seat of Saline County, Kansas, United States. South of Salina is the small city of Lindsborg with its numerous Dala horses. Lindsborg is a city in McPherson County, Kansas, USA. The population was 3321 at the 2000 census. A Dalecarlian horse or Dala horse (Swedish Dalahäst) is a traditional wooden statuette of a Horse originating in the Swedish province of Dalarna Much of the architecture and decor of this town has a distinctly Swedish style. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. To the east along Interstate 70, the historic city of Abilene was formerly a trailhead for the Chisholm Trail and was the boyhood home of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Interstate 70 enters flat plains in Kansas This portion of I-70 was the first segment to start being paved and to be completed in the interstate system Abilene is a city in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States, 163 miles (262 km west of Kansas City. The Chisholm Trail was a dirt Trail used in the later 19th century to drive cattle overland from ranches in Texas to Kansas Railheads The trail stretched Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general To the west is Lucas, the Grassroots Art Capital of Kansas. Lucas is a city in Russell County, Kansas, United States. The population was 436 at the 2000 census.

Northwest Kansas

Westward along the Interstate, the city of Russell, traditionally the beginning of sparsely-populated northwest Kansas, is the home of former U. Kansas City Kansas. Items for the metro area should also go to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area page Items for Kansas City Missouri Russell is a city in Russell County, Kansas, United States. The population was 4696 at the 2000 census. S. Senator Bob Dole and the boyhood home of U. Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22 1923 is an attorney and retired United States Senator from Kansas from 1969–1996 serving part of that time S. Senator Arlen Specter. Arlen Specter (born February 12 1930) is the senior United States Senator from Pennsylvania and a member of the Republican Party The city of Hays is home to Fort Hays State University and the Sternberg Museum of Natural History, and is the largest city in the northwest with a population of around 20,000. Hays is a city in Ellis County, Kansas, near the intersection of Interstate 70 and U Fort Hays State University (FHSU is a public Co-educational University located in Hays, Kansas. Two other landmarks are located in smaller towns in Ellis County: the "Cathedral of the Plains" is located 10 miles (16 km) east of Hays in Victoria, and the boyhood home of Walter Chrysler is 15 miles (24 km) west of Hays in Ellis. Victoria is a city in Ellis County, Kansas, United States. The population was 1208 at the 2000 census. Walter Percy Chrysler ( April 2, 1875 – August 18, 1940) was an American Machinist, Railroad man Automotive industry Ellis is a city in Ellis County, Kansas, United States. The population was 1873 at the 2000 census. West of Hays, population drops dramatically, even in areas along I-70, and only two towns containing populations of more than 3,000: Colby and Goodland, which are located 35 milies apart along I-70. Colby, advertised as "The Oasis on the Plains" is the County seat of and largest city in Thomas County, Kansas, United States, with Goodland sometimes knows as the Golden Buckle on the Wheat Belt is a city in Sherman County, Kansas, United States.

Southwest Kansas

Southwest Kansas, and Dodge City in particular, is famously known for the cattle drive days of the late 19th century. For the 1939 Western movie, see Dodge City (1939 film. Dodge City is a City and County seat of Ford The city of Dodge was built along the old Santa Fe Trail route. The Santa Fe Trail was a Historic 19th century transportation route through southwestern North America connecting Missouri with Santa Fe The city of Liberal is located along the southern Santa Fe Trail route. Liberal is a city in Seward County, Kansas, United States. The population was 19666 at the United States Census 2000. The first wind farm in the state was built east of Montezuma. Montezuma is a city in Gray County, Kansas, United States. The population was 966 at the 2000 census. Garden City has the Lee Richardson Zoo. Garden City is a city in Finney County, Kansas, United States.

Education

Main article: Education in Kansas

Education in Kansas is governed primarily by the Kansas State Board of Education (web). Education in Kansas is governed primarily by the Kansas State Board of Education. Kansas State Board of Education is Kansas ' Board of Education. Twice the Board has approved changes in the state science curriculum standards that encouraged the teaching of intelligent design. Both times, the standards were reversed after changes in the composition of the board in the next election.

Sports in Kansas

Professional Sports Teams

Club	Sport	League
Kansas City Wizards	Soccer	Major League Soccer
Kansas City T-Bones	Baseball	Northern League
Wichita Wingnuts	Baseball	American Association of Independent Professional Baseball
Topeka Roadrunners	Ice hockey	North American Hockey League
Wichita Thunder	Ice hockey	Central Hockey League
Dodge City Legend	Basketball	United States Basketball League
Kansas Cagerz	Basketball	United States Basketball League
Kansas Koyotes	Indoor Football	American Professional Football League

Even though the Wizards are the only major professional sports league team within Kansas (although they were based in Missouri at the time of their founding), many Kansans also support the sports teams of Kansas City, Missouri, including the Kansas City Royals (MLB), the Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) and the Kansas City Brigade (AFL). The Kansas City Wizards are a professional soccer club based in Kansas City, Kansas that participates in Major League Soccer. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Major League Soccer ( MLS) is the top-flight professional Soccer league in the United States and Canada with 14 teams 13 in the U The Kansas City T-Bones are a professional baseball team based in Kansas City Kansas, in the United States. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each This article refers to the modern Northern League. For the original incarnations of the Northern League which operated between 1902 and 1971 see Northern League The Wichita Wingnuts are a professional baseball team based in Wichita Kansas, in the United States. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each This article refers to the modern American Association that started in 2006 Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. see also North American Hockey League (1973–1977 The North American Hockey League (NAHL and the defunct America West Hockey League The Wichita Thunder are a Minor league hockey team based in Wichita Kansas. Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. The Central Hockey League (CHL is a mid-level Professional hockey league owned by Global Entertainment Corporation. The Dodge City Legend is a professional basketball franchise in the United States Basketball League, a minor league that plays in the spring Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m The Kansas Cagerz are a United States Basketball League team located in Salina Kansas. Season-By-Season |-|2003 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 1st League || Won APFL Championship ( Missouri)|-|2004 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 1st League || Won APFL Championship ( Missouri This article discusses indoor variations of American football for indoor versions of association football (soccer see Futsal and Indoor soccer and for the The American Professional Football League (APFL is an Indoor football league based in the midwestern United States that began play in 2003 Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages The Kansas City Royals are a Major League Baseball team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City Missouri. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. The Kansas City Brigade is a team from the Arena Football League. The Arena Football League (AFL was founded in 1987 as an American football indoor league. All three teams except the Brigade, play at the Truman Sports Complex, located about 10 miles (16 km) from the Kansas-Missouri state line. The Harry S Truman Sports Complex is a facility located in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. However, the Wizards are considering relocating to a new stadium or complex in Johnson County. The Kansas City Brigade played at the Kemper Arena and will move to the new Sprint Center in 2008. The Kansas City Brigade is a team from the Arena Football League. Kemper Arena American Royal Center is a 19500 seat indoor arena in Kansas City Missouri, USA that has hosted NCAA Final Four Basketball Sprint Center Sprint Center without "the" --> is a large multi-use indoor Arena in downtown Kansas City,

Persons in western Kansas may sometimes support the major league teams in Denver. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States Many people who live close to the Oklahoma state line support the Dallas Cowboys. The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team in the Eastern Division of the National Football Conference (NFC in the National All Chiefs games are televised throughout Kansas by television stations in Topeka and Wichita, and Broncos and Cowboys games which do not conflict with Chiefs telecasts are also broadcast across the state.

Two major auto racing facilities are located in Kansas. Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing or car racing) is a Motorsport involving Racing Cars It The Kansas Speedway located in Kansas City hosts races of the NASCAR, IRL, and ARCA circuits. Kansas Speedway is a speedway in Kansas City Kansas, adjacent to the Village West area The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. The Indy Racing League, better known as IRL, is the sanctioning body of a predominantly American based Open-wheel racing series. Automobile Racing Club of America (ARCA is an auto racing sanctioning body in the United States founded in 1953 by John Marcum. Also, the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) holds drag racing events at Heartland Park Topeka. "NHRA" redirects here For other uses see NHRA (disambiguation. Drag racing is a competition in which objects compete to be the first to cross a set finish mark usually from a dead stop and in a straight line Heartland Park Topeka is a multi-purpose motorsports facility located south of Topeka Kansas.

College Sports

While there are no franchises of the four major professional sports within the state, many Kansans are fans of the state's major college sports teams, especially the Jayhawks of the University of Kansas, commonly referred to as "KU," and the Wildcats of Kansas State University, known as "KSU" or "K-State" by many. The sports teams at the University of Kansas are The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City Kansas State University 's (variously "K-State" or "KSU" athletic teams are called the Wildcats and their official color is royal purple white and silver Kansas State University, commonly shortened to K-State, is an institution of higher learning located in Manhattan, Kansas, in the United States Wichita State University, which also fields teams (called the Shockers) in Division I of the NCAA, is best known for its baseball program. Wichita State University (WSU is an American state-supported university located in the city of Wichita Kansas. Wichita State University (WSU is an American state-supported university located in the city of Wichita Kansas. Division I (or D-I) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations

Generally, although this is certainly not a hard and fast rule, most KU fans tend to hail from the eastern third of the state, and urban areas throughout Kansas, specifically the Kansas City suburbs in Johnson County, while much of rural Kansas, especially the west, is dominated by K-State supporters. This perhaps stems from the historic roles of the schools: KU as the liberal arts and professional university, and K-State as the agricultural science and engineering university. However, over the past 15 years, with K-State becoming dominant in football and KU in basketball, many Kansans support both schools, depending on which sport is in season.

Both KU and K-State have tradition-rich programs in men's college basketball. The Jayhawks are a perennial national power, ranking third in all-time victories among NCAA programs, behind Kentucky and North Carolina. The University of Kentucky, also known as UK, is a public, Co-educational, University, and is also the state's land-grant university located The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( UNC, North Carolina, or simply Carolina) is a public, Coeducational Research The Jayhawks are also the reigning national champions of men's college basketball, winning the 2008 NCAA Tournament in April for their third national crown. K-State's glory days on the hardwood were mainly from the 1940s to the 1960s, with the 1980s also seeing some very good teams come from Manhattan.

However, success on the football field has been infrequent for either team. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with When the two teams met in 1987, KU's record was 1-7 and K-State's was 0-8. Fittingly, the Sunflower Showdown that year, dubbed the "Toilet Bowl" by the media, ended in a 17-17 tie. The Sunflower Showdown is the series of athletic contests between Kansas State University and the There have been recent breakthroughs for both schools. KU won the Orange Bowl for the first time in three tries in January 2008, capping a 12-1 season, the best in school history. K-State was historically one of the worst college football programs in the country, until Bill Snyder arrived to coach the Wildcats in 1989. Bill Snyder (born October 7, 1939, in Saint Joseph Missouri) is the former head football coach at Kansas State University, holding After a mediocre start, he turned K-State into a national force for most of the 1990s and early 2000s, until he retired after the 2005 season. The team won the Fiesta Bowl in 1997 and took the Big XII Conference championship in 2003. The Fiesta Bowl, now sponsored by Tostitos tortilla chips is a United States College football Bowl game played annually since 1971 The Big 12 Conference is a college athletic conference of twelve schools located mostly in the central United States.

In 1992-93, KU became the first college program to participate in a football bowl game, the NCAA men's basketball tournament, and the College World Series of baseball in the same academic year. The College World Series or CWS is a Baseball Tournament held in Omaha Nebraska that is the culmination of the NCAA Division I Baseball

Notable residents

Amelia Earhart (aviation pioneer), Carrie Nation (temperance activist), former President Dwight D. Eisenhower, former Vice President Charles Curtis, and former presidential candidates Bob Dole and Alf Landon called Kansas their home. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Charles Curtis (January 25 1860 – February 8 1936 was a Representative and a Senator from Kansas as well as the thirty-first Vice President of Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22 1923 is an attorney and retired United States Senator from Kansas from 1969–1996 serving part of that time Alfred "Alf" Mossman Landon ( September 9, 1887 – October 12, 1987) was an American Republican Politician NASA astronauts Ronald Evans, Joe Engle, and Steve Hawley also lived in Kansas. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program An astronaut or cosmonaut (космона́вт) is a person trained Ronald Ellwin Evans Jr ( November 10, 1933 &ndash April 7, 1990) (Captain USN Ret Joe Henry Engle (born August 26 1932 in Chapman, Kansas) is a retired U Steven Alan Hawley (born December 12, 1951) is a NASA mission-specialist Astronaut, who has made 5 spaceflights so far

Despite its strong agricultural reputation, Kansas was home to industrial and intellectual pioneers Walter Chrysler of automotive fame, Clyde Cessna and Lloyd Stearman (aviation pioneers), Jack Kilby (microchip inventor, The Nobel Prize Winner in Physics 2000), George Washington Carver (educator and scientist), Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. Walter Percy Chrysler ( April 2, 1875 – August 18, 1940) was an American Machinist, Railroad man Automotive industry Clyde Vernon Cessna ( 5 December 1879 - 20 November 1954) was an American Aircraft Designer, Aviator Lloyd Carlton Stearman ( October 26, 1898 &ndash April 3, 1975) was an American Aviator and aircraft designer Jack St Clair Kilby ( November 8, 1923 - June 20, 2005) was a Nobel Prize laureate in Physics in 2000 for his invention George Washington Carver (January 1864 – January 5 1943 was an African American Scientist, Botanist, Educator, and Inventor Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr ( November 19, 1915 &ndash March 9, 1974) was an American pharmacologist and biochemist (The Nobel Prize Winner in Physiology or Medicine 1971), and Vernon L. Smith (The Nobel Prize Winner in Economics 2002). Vernon Lomax Smith (born January 1, 1927) is professor of Economics at Chapman University School of Law and School of Business in Orange Also from Kansas are General Richard Myers (Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 2001-05) and Robert Gates (United States Secretary of Defense December 2006 - Present). This article is about the US Air Force general For other people with the same name see Richard Myers (disambiguation. Robert Michael Gates (born September 25 1943) is currently serving as the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense. In addition, Kansas is the home of "Top Cop" Vern Miller who raided an Amtrak train on July 20, 1972 and confiscated all the liquor on board. He charged Amtrak with selling liquor-by-the-drink, illegal in Kansas at that time and the case was eventually declared al certiore, validating both the lower court's conviction and the flamboyant Miller's stance that "If you don't like a law, get it changed. . . don't break it. " -- Wichita Eagle July 20, 1972

Kansas was also home to Danny Carey (musician), Del Close (comdedian/actor), Inger Stevens (actress),Vivian Vance (actress), Samuel Ramey (opera singer), Louise Brooks (actress), Annette Bening (actress), Bill Kurtis (Journalist), Jack Cafferty (Journalist}, John Brown (abolitionist), Langston Hughes (poet), Gordon Parks (photographer, movie director, musician, author), Fatty Arbuckle (actor), William Inge (writer), Dennis Hopper (actor), Kelli McCarty (actress and Miss USA 91), Buster Keaton (actor), Coleman Hawkins (Jazz musician), Martina McBride (Country Singer), Joe Walsh (Musician), Chely Wright (Country Musician), Melissa Etheridge (musician), Kirstie Alley (actress), Paul Rudd (actor), Sarah Lancaster (actress), Charlie Parker (Jazz musician), Mike Jerrick (network journalist), Steve Doocy (network journalist, author), Campbell Brown (network journalist), Jeff Probst (Survivor host), Survivor: Guatemala winner Danni Boatwright, Jessica Hughbanks(Big Brother 8 contestant), Sharon Obermueller (Big Brother 9 contestant), Melissa McDermott (Journalist), Phil McGraw (psychologist), Phil Stacey (American Idol Finalist) and William Allen White (editor). Daniel Edwin "Danny" Carey (born May 10, 1961 in Lawrence Kansas, U Vivian Vance ( July 26 1909 – August 17 1979) When she was six years old her family moved to Independence Kansas, where she The American Opera singer Samuel Edward Ramey (born March 28, 1942 in Colby Kansas) is Louise Brooks ( November 14, 1906 &ndash August 8, 1985) was an American Dancer, model, Showgirl Annette Francine Bening (born May 29, 1958) is an Academy Award -nominated and Golden Globe - BAFTA - and Screen Actors Guild Bill Kurtis (born September 21, 1940) is a television journalist, producer, well-known former CBS News anchor and current host of Jack Cafferty (born December 14 1942 in Chicago Illinois) is a CNN commentator and occasional host of specials John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery Langston Hughes (February 1 1902 &ndash May 22 1967 was an American Poet, Novelist Playwright, Short story writer and Columnist For the Scottish sports journalist and former footballer see Gordon Parks (footballer Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan Parks ( November 30, 1912 Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle ( March 24 1887 &ndash June 29 1933) was an American Silent film Comedian William Motter Inge (ˈɪndʒ "inj" –) was an American playwright and novelist whose works typically feature solitary protagonists encumbered with Dennis Lee Hopper (born May 17, 1936) is an Academy Award -nominated American Actor and Film -maker For American-Russian basketball player see Kelly McCarty. Kelli McCarty (born September 6 1969 in Liberal Kansas) won the Joseph Frank "Buster" Keaton ( October 4 1895 &ndash February 1 1966) was an Academy Award -winning American Coleman Randolph Hawkins ( November 21 1904 - May 19 1969) Nicknamed "Hawk" and sometimes "Bean" was a prominent Martina McBride (born Martina Mariea Schiff, July 29, 1966 in Sharon, Kansas, USA) is an American country-pop Joseph Fidler "Joe" Walsh (born November 20, 1947) is an American Guitarist, songwriter and Rock musician He has been a Richelle Renee "Chely Wright (born October 25 1970 in Kansas City Missouri) is an American Country music artist who released her debut album in 1994 Melissa Lou Etheridge (born May 29, 1961, in Leavenworth, Kansas) is an Academy Award -winning and two-time Grammy Award Kirsten Louise "Kirstie" Alley (born January 12 1951 is an American Actress known for her role in the TV show Cheers, in which Paul Stephen Rudd (born April 6, 1969) is an American Actor of stage, screen and Television. Sarah Beth Lancaster (born February 12, 1980) is an American Actress. Michael Eugene Joseph Jerrick (born July 3, 1954) is the co-host with Juliet Huddy of the morning program The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet Stephen James Doocy ( October 19, 1956) is a American television personality and New York Times best-selling author Campbell Brown (born June 14, 1968) is an American Television news reporter currently an Anchor and political pundit for Jeffrey Lee "Jeff" Probst (born November 4 1961 is an Emmy Award -winning American Game show host, Executive producer and a Survivor Guatemala - The Mayan Empire (also known as Survivor Guatemala for short is the eleventh season of Survivor, and it is set inside of the ruins Danielle Boatwright (born July 13, 1975 in Tonganoxie Kansas) a Beauty queen and model from Kansas won $1000000 on Melissa McDermott is a reporter for CBS News. She is best known for being an anchor of the overnight CBS newscast Up to the Minute. Phillip Calvin McGraw (born September 1, 1950) best known as Dr Phil Stacey (born Joel Philip Stacey, January 21 1978 in Richmond Kentucky) is an American Country music singer who first gained American Idol, with the full title American Idol The Search for a Superstar for the first season only is an American reality-competition William Allen White (February 10 1868 &ndash January 31 1944 was a renowned American Newspaper editor, politician and author

Famous athletes from Kansas include Braden Looper, Johnny Damon, Kyle Farnsworth, Wes Santee, Joe Carter, Wilt Chamberlain, George Brett, Barry Sanders, Gale Sayers, John H. Outland, Billy Mills, Jim Ryun, Walter Johnson, Jackie Stiles, Caroline Bruce, John Riggins, Maurice Greene, Kendra Wecker, and Lynette Woodard. Braden LaVern Looper (born on October 28, 1974, in Weatherford, Oklahoma) is a Pitcher in Major League Baseball for the Johnny David Damon (born November 5 1973 in Fort Riley, Kansas) is a Thai American Major League Baseball Outfielder for the Kyle Lynn Farnsworth (born April 14 1976 in Wichita, Kansas) is a Major League Baseball Relief pitcher for the Detroit Tigers. Wes Santee (born March 25, 1932) was an American middle distance runner and athlete who competed mainly in the 1500 meters. Joseph Christopher Carter (born March 7 1960 in Oklahoma City Oklahoma) is a former Right fielder in Major League Baseball who played Wilton Norman "Wilt" Chamberlain (August 21 1936&ndashOctober 12 1999 nicknamed Wilt the Stilt, The Big Dipper, and Chairman of the Boards George Howard Brett (born May 15, 1953 in Glen Dale West Virginia) is a former Major League Baseball player for the Kansas City Royals Barry David Sanders (born) is a former American football Running back who spent all of his professional career with the Detroit Lions in the NFL Gale Eugene Sayers (b May 30 1943, Wichita Kansas) also known as "The Kansas Comet", was a professional football player John H Outland ( March 7, 1871 – March 24, 1947) was an All American College football player and the namesake of the William Mervin Mills or "Billy" Mills (born June 30 1938 is the only Native American ever to win an Olympic gold medal James Ronald ("Jim" Ryun (born April 29, 1947) is an American former track athlete and Politician, who was Walter Perry Johnson ( November 6, 1887 – December 10, 1946) nicknamed "The Big Train" was an American right-handed Jackie Marie Stiles (born December 21, 1978 in Kansas City Kansas) is a Basketball Shooting guard who set scoring records in Caroline Cadman Bruce (born June 9 1986 in Wichita Kansas) is a former Olympic Swimmer from the United States at Robert John Riggins, nicknamed "The Diesel", (born August 4, 1949 in Seneca, Kansas) is a former American football Maurice Greene (born July 23, 1974) is an American former sprinter in athletics, who holds several World records Kendra Renee Wecker (born December 16, 1982 in Marysville Kansas) is a professional Basketball player from the WNBA. Lynette Woodard (born August 12, 1959, in Wichita Kansas) is a retired American Basketball player who made history by becoming the first Kansas was also home to coaches James Naismith, Larry Brown, Phog Allen, Dean Smith, Adolph Rupp, Gene Keady, Lon Kruger,John Calipari, Roy Williams, Glen Mason, Tex Winter, Mark Turgeon, Bill Self, Bill Snyder and Eddie Sutton. James A Naismith (November 6 Lawrence Harvey Brown (born September 14 1940 in Brooklyn, New York, United States) is the head coach of the National Basketball Association Forrest Clare "Phog" Allen, DO ( November 18, 1885 – September 16, 1974) was an American collegiate basketball Dean Edwards Smith (born February 28 1931 is a retired head coach of men’s college Basketball. Adolph Frederick Rupp ( September 2, 1901 &ndash December 10, 1977) was one of the most successful coaches Gene Keady ( May 21 1936 is a former Basketball coach and NFL Quarterback. Lon Kruger (born August 19, 1952 in Silver Lake Kansas) is an American Basketball coach. John Vincent Calipari (born February 10 1959, in Moon Township (a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is a former professional Roy Allen Williams (born August 1, 1950) is head coach of the men's Basketball team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Glen O Mason (born April 9, 1950 in Colonia New Jersey) is a commentator for the Big Ten Network and former College football Morice Fredrick "Tex" Winter (born February 25 1922) is a successful American Basketball coach and innovator of the Triangle offense Mark Leo Turgeon (born February 5, 1965 in Topeka Kansas) is the current head basketball coach of Texas A&M University Bill Self (born December 27, 1962 in Okmulgee Oklahoma) is the head men's basketball coach at the University of Kansas Bill Snyder (born October 7, 1939, in Saint Joseph Missouri) is the former head football coach at Kansas State University, holding Eddie Sutton (born March 12, 1936 in Bucklin Kansas. Sutton is the former college head coach with 36-year of Division I coaching experience with stints

Famous fictional residents include Marshal Matt Dillon from the TV show Gunsmoke, Mary Ann Summers of Gilligan's Island, Dennis Mitchell (Dennis the Menace), Dean and Sam Winchester from the TV show Supernatural, Clark Kent/Superman, Liz Sherman, Lt. Col. Cameron Mitchell of Stargate SG-1, Walter and India Bridge from Mr. and Mrs. Bridge, Jonas Nightengale from Leap of Faith, and Dorothy Gale from The Wizard of Oz. Marshal Matt Dillon is a fictional character featured on both the Radio and Television versions of Gunsmoke. Gunsmoke is an American radio and television Western drama series created by director Norman MacDonnell and writer John Meston Mary Ann Summers is a fictional Winfield Kansas farm girl who is a character in the Television Sitcom Gilligan's Gilligan's Island is an American TV sitcom originally produced by United Artists Television. Dennis the Menace, known in some countries as just "' Dennis' "is a daily syndicated Newspaper Comic strip originally Dean Winchester is a Fictional character on The CW Television Network 's Supernatural, portrayed by Jensen Ackles. Samuel "Sam" Winchester is a Fictional character in The CW Television Network 's Supernatural, played by Jared Padalecki Supernatural is an American horror television series regarding the Paranormal. Clark Joseph Kent (middle name is also Jerome according to some versions is a Fictional character created by Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel. Superman is a fictional Comic book Superhero widely considered to be one of the most recognized of such characters and an American Cultural icon Elizabeth 'Liz' Sherman is a Fictional character appearing in the Hellboy Comic book series created by Mike Mignola. Cameron Mitchell is a Fictional character in the American Sci-Fi Channel television series Stargate SG-1, a science fiction show about a military Mr & Mrs Bridge is a 1990 Merchant Ivory Film based on the novels by Evan S Leap of Faith is a 1992 American Drama film, directed by Richard Pearce and starring Steve Martin and Debra Winger Dorothy Gale is a Fictional character, the Protagonist of many of the Oz novels by American author L

Landmarks

Main article: List of Kansas landmarks

See also: List of Registered Historic Places in Kansas

• The John Brown museum is located in Osawatomie. The Konza Prairie Biological Station is a 3487-hectare (8616 acre 13 The Flint Hills, historically known as Bluestem Pastures or Blue Stem Hills, are a band of hills in eastern Kansas stretching into north-central Oklahoma Below is a list of Kansas landmarks. This list includes various Landmarks in the state of Kansas. John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery Osawatomie is a city in Miami County, Kansas, United States, 61 miles (98 km southwest of Kansas City.
• The boyhood home of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Eisenhower Library, and his grave are located in Abilene. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Abilene is a city in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States, 163 miles (262 km west of Kansas City.
• Abilene is the ending point of the Chisholm Trail where the cattle driven from Texas were loaded onto rail cars. The Chisholm Trail was a dirt Trail used in the later 19th century to drive cattle overland from ranches in Texas to Kansas Railheads The trail stretched
• The house of Carrie Nation, now a museum, is located in Medicine Lodge. Medicine Lodge is the largest City and County seat of Barber County, Kansas, United States.
• Constitution Hall in Lecompton is the location where the Kansas Territorial Government convened and drafted a pro-slavery constitution. Lecompton is a city in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. ^[22]
• The Wizard of Oz Museum in Wamego features Dorothy's House, a re-creation of the farm house featured in the film The Wizard of Oz. Wamego (wɔˈmiɡo is a city in Pottawatomie County, Kansas, United States. The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical - Fantasy film mainly directed by Victor Fleming and based on the 1900 children’s
• The Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center, located in Hutchinson, is affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution. The Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center is a museum and educational facility in Hutchinson Kansas that is best known for the display and restoration of space artifacts The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of The museum features the largest collection of artifacts from the Russian Space Program outside of Moscow. It is also home to Apollo 13, an SR-71 Blackbird, Libery 7, and many space artifacts. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
• The award-winning Kansas Museum of History ^[23] is the state museum, and is located in the capital city of Topeka. The Kansas Museum of History in Topeka, Kansas, USA, is the state history museum
• The world's largest ball of twine (disputed), created August 15, 1953, in Cawker City. Several places claim that they have the biggest ball of Twine. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cawker City is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States.
• The Big Well, billed as the World's Largest Hand-Dug Well, is located in Greensburg, Kansas. The Big Well, in Greensburg Kansas, USA, is a Water well that was designed to provide water for the Santa Fe and Rock Island railroads Greensburg is a City in central Kiowa County, located in Southwest Kansas

See also

• List of Kansas-related topics

References

External links

Official sites

• State of Kansas
• Kansas Travel and Tourism Division
• Kansas State Historical Society
• KANSAS!, a quarterly magazine published by the Kansas Dept. of Commerce

Additional information

• Kansas State Databases - Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Kansas state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.
• Kansas Association of Public Information Officers
• USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Kansas
• LASR: Kansas Attractions, Events and Recreation
• Kansas on the Net (county and city info)
• Kansas Department of Transportation maps
• Kansas State Constitution
• Kansas weather
• Kansas Heritage the first Kansas history on the web
• Kansas Travel, Attractions and Restaurants
• Kansas State Facts
• Kansas Archaeology
• Kansas Liquor Laws. Kansas Legislative Research Department (February 24, 2003). Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-01-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor An in-depth description of the history and current regulations in Kansas.
• Kansas webcam directory
• Kansas Community and Business Directory
• Map of average annual precipitation at Oregon State University
• Kansas History Online
• Cutler's History of Kansas
• Kansas Maps from the Perry-Castañeda Library map collection at the University of Texas
• Kansas Board of Regents. The Kansas Board of Regents is a body consisting of nine members which governs six state Universities in the U "Enrollment Headcount at Kansas State Universities—Fall 2004"PDF (50. 6 KiB). A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International
• U.S. Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census
  • Kansas QuickFacts. Geographic and demographic information.

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