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Kangaroo Island
Map of Kangaroo Island
Map of Kangaroo Island
Geography
Location South Australia
Coordinates 35°50′S, 137°20′E
Area 4 405 km2


Administration
Flag of Australia Australia
State South Australia
LGA Kangaroo Island Council
Largest city Kingscote (population 1200)
Demographics
Population 4 259 (as of 2006)
For other places with the same name, see Kangaroo Island (disambiguation). South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country Australia has two tiers of subnational government state (or territory government and local government. The Kangaroo Island Council is a local government area of South Australia that covers the entirety of Kangaroo Island, 13 km off the Coast of Kingscote is the largest town on Kangaroo Island, an island off the south coast of South Australia, with a population of about 1200 Kangaroo Island most commonly refers to Kangaroo Island in South Australia, other islands called Kangaroo Island are in; Tasmania Kangaroo Island

Kangaroo Island is Australia's third largest island - after Tasmania and Melville Island. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass Melville Island lies in the eastern Timor Sea, off the coast of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is 112 kilometres southwest of Adelaide at the entrance of Gulf Saint Vincent. Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a St Vincent's Gulf ( is a large inlet of water on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia. At its closest point to the mainland, it is 13 kilometres (8 mi) offshore from Cape Jervis, on the tip of the Fleurieu Peninsula in the state of South Australia. Cape Jervis ( postcode 5204 is a town at the southwestern tip of Fleurieu Peninsula in South Australia, approximately 108 km south of Adelaide. The Fleurieu Peninsula is a picturesque peninsula located south of Adelaide in South Australia, Australia. South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country The island is 150 km (93 mi) long and between 900 m (1,000 yd) and 57 km (35 mi) wide, its area covering 4,405 km² (1,701 sq mi). Its coastline is 540 km long and highest altitude is 307 m (1,010 ft). It is separated from Yorke Peninsula to the northwest by Investigator Strait and from Cape Jervis to the northeast by Backstairs Passage. Yorke Peninsula is in South Australia and should not be confused with Cape York Peninsula, in Queensland. Investigator Strait is a body of water lying between Yorke Peninsula, on the Australian mainland and Kangaroo Island in South Australia. Cape Jervis ( postcode 5204 is a town at the southwestern tip of Fleurieu Peninsula in South Australia, approximately 108 km south of Adelaide. Backstairs Passage is a body of water lying between Cape Jervis on the Australian mainland and Kangaroo Island in South Australia.

Contents

History

Historical View
Historical View

Kangaroo Island was separated from mainland Australia by a rise in sea level about 9,000 years ago. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface Stone tools found suggest that Aboriginal people occupied the land at least 11,000 years ago; it is supposed that they disappeared in 200 BC. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. Theories about the cause include disease and inbreeding, warfare, climatic change or exodus. [1]

In 1802 British explorer Matthew Flinders named the land "Kanguroo" Island, after landing near Kangaroo Head on the north coast of Dudley Peninsula. Captain Matthew Flinders, RN (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814 was one of the most successful navigators and cartographers of his age He was closely followed by the French explorer Nicolas Baudin, who mapped much of the island (which is why so many areas have French names). Nicolas-Thomas Baudin ( February 17, 1754 - September 16, 1803) was a French explorer Although the French and the English were at war at the time, the men met peacefully. They both used the fresh water seeping at what is now known as Hog Bay near Frenchman's Rock; the community is now called Penneshaw. Penneshaw is a town on the northeast coast of Dudley Peninsula on Kangaroo Island in South Australia, and is the island's main ferry port with regular services from

An unofficial community of sealers and others was set up on Kangaroo Island from 1802 to the time of South Australia's official settlement in 1836. The sealers were rough men and several kidnapped Aboriginal women from Tasmania and mainland South Australia. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. The Tasmanian Aborigines ( Aboriginal name Palawa) are the indigenous people of the island state of Tasmania, Australia. The women were forced to do the work of sealers, amongst other activities. Three Aboriginal women tried to escape and swim back to the mainland; one is on record as having survived the journey. [2]

The biggest town on Kangaroo Island is Kingscote. Kingscote is the largest town on Kangaroo Island, an island off the south coast of South Australia, with a population of about 1200 Originally established at Reeves Point on 27 July 1836, it is South Australia's first official European settlement. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap It was later suggested that Kingscote could serve as the capital of South Australia, but the island's resources were insufficient to support such a large community, so the settlement of Adelaide was chosen.

Penneshaw, the second largest town on Kangaroo Island, has a population of around 300, and is located on the north eastern tip of the Dudley Peninsula, on the eastern end of the island. Penneshaw is a town on the northeast coast of Dudley Peninsula on Kangaroo Island in South Australia, and is the island's main ferry port with regular services from It is home to the ferry terminal which brings most of the visitors to the island, along with all the necessary freight to sustain the local population. Parndana is the third largest town on Kangaroo Island, and is home to a population of around 150, however most of this population do not live in the town, they are sprawled within a few kilometres. Parndana is a small town on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, located 40 km from Kingscote, the island's main town The historic area to the south-east of the township, known as the Research Centre to locals, is home to the research station that was set up in the 1940s and 1950s to research the viability of agriculture in the area, and is still home to a small settlement of about 20 people. American River is the fourth largest town on the Island and is home to about 120 residents. American River is a town situated on the western shore of Eastern Cove on Australia 's third largest island Kangaroo Island. Penneshaw, Parndana and American River have very basic facilities, including a general store and fuel, however only Kingscote, Parndana and Penneshaw are home to hotels. Facilities such as banking and large supermarkets are only available in Kingscote.

Sea Transport

The Sealion 2000 arriving at Penneshaw.
The Sealion 2000 arriving at Penneshaw. Penneshaw is a town on the northeast coast of Dudley Peninsula on Kangaroo Island in South Australia, and is the island's main ferry port with regular services from

From 1907 until 1961, Karatta was the prime freight and passenger vessel operating between Port Adelaide and Kingscote.

Following withdrawal from service of Karatta, RW. Miller operated the M. V. Troubridge, in later years as a joint venture with the South Australian Government. M. V. Troubridge was a roll on, roll off vessel of 1996 tons, which utilised specially designed loading gantries at Port Adelaide, Port Lincoln and Kingscote. Port Adelaide ( is a suburb of Adelaide lying about 14 kilometres northwest of the City of Adelaide. Port Lincoln (postcode 5606 is a city in the Australian state of South Australia.

M. V. Troubridge operated until 1st June 1987, when it was replaced by the Government run $23million Island Seaway. [3][4][5] Built locally in Port Adelaide by Eglo Engineering, Island Seaway utilised the same loading platforms as Troubridge. Island Seaway was severely criticised as being unsuitable for the Backstairs Passage crossing. Seventy-five sheep and cattle died on the inaugural trip due to carbon monoxide poisoning, and the ship was once described as 'steering like a shopping trolley'. [6] The vessel subsequently underwent a $1 million refit of its propulsion system in September 1989 which improved its reliability.

Island Seaway began to experience competition from Kangaroo Island SeaLink which began services from Cape Jervis to Penneshaw in the 1980s. See also Kangaroo Island#Sea Transport Kangaroo Island SeaLink is a privately owned South Australian Ferry company and tour operator which has plied the [7] SeaLink acquired the ferry service originally introduced by Peter March. His "Philanderer Ferries" pioneered the crossing from Cape Jervis to Penneshaw, with Philanderer 3 being a passenger and vehicle carrying catamaran style vessel. During the 1980s, two passenger only services operated for a short time from Glenelg to Kingscote, Hydroflite H33, and Islander.

SeaLink has outlasted several competing companies since it began operations. Boat Torque, a Western Australian company, operated Superflyte from 1994 until 1997, sailing from Glenelg to Kingscote. Kangaroo Island Ferries had a short-lived venture with SeaWay, which travelled from Wirrina Cove to Kingscote from September 2004 until February 2005. SeaWay could not handle rough weather as well as SeaLink vessels which impacted the service's reliability. Under different proprietorship, SeaWay recommenced services in August 2007. [8] However, in May 2008, the operator of SeaWay announced suspension of services until October 2008, citing increased fuel prices. [9]

With the introduction by SeaLink of the Island Navigator, the fate of Island Seaway was sealed, with the service subsequently withdrawn and SeaLink drawing on Government subsidies to operate all freight services to and from the Island. SeaLink now holds a virtual monopoly on sea transport to Kangaroo Island, primarily due to its long term lease of the Cape Jervis berth. Sealink's agreement with the SA Government, expiring in 2024, precludes other operators from utilising the Cape Jervis facility for one hour before, and one hour after any scheduled SeaLink service. Kangaroo Island residents have expressed displeasure with the exclusive arrangement granted to SeaLink. [10]

Air Transport

Guinea Airways operated the first commercial service to Kangaroo Island, commencing in the 1930s. In 1959, the airline was acquired by Airlines of South Australia (ASA), a subsidiary of Ansett Airlines. Airlines of South Australia refers to A subsidiary of Ansett Airlines that operated from 1959 until 1986 and An independent airline that operated The airline's final service was on 4 April 1986. ASA primarily operated Convairs, Douglas DC-3 and Fokker F-27 aircraft. The Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation, commonly known as Convair, was a US aerospace development and manufacturing complex of the 1940s and later WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A Piaggio P166 was used infrequently in the 1970s, whilst Rossair operated Cessna 402's in an arrangement with ASA to replace the F27's in off-peak times. Piaggio P166 is a twin-engined push prop-driven utility aircraft developed by the Italian aircraft manufacturer Piaggio. Rossair is an Airline based in Adelaide, Australia.It was established in 1963 and is now one of Australia's leading charter airlines The Cessna 401 and 402 are series of 6 to 10 place light twin Piston engine Aircraft.

Following the withdrawal of ASA, Kendell Airlines (another Ansett subsidiary), operated 19-seat Fairchild Metroliners and 34-seat SAAB aircraft to the Island. Kendell Airlines was once Australia's largest Regional airline. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Upon Ansett's ultimate demise in 2002, Regional Express (Rex) acquired the Kendell aircraft and continued services which are maintained today. Regional Express Pty Ltd (also known as Rex) is an Airline based in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.

In competition with the larger aircraft, and generally with more flexible timetables, a succession of smaller airlines from the 1970s tried with varying success to maintain a 'second string' presence. Island Air and Pagas operated briefly in the 1970s, whilst the most successful, Emu Airways, commenced in 1980 and made its final flight in November 2005. Emu Airways was an Airline based in Adelaide in Australia operating tourist flights to nearby Kangaroo Island. Emu flew Piper Chieftain aircraft to Kingscote, American River, Penneshaw and Parndana, before air regulations dictated abandonment of all airstrips except Kingscote. The PA-31 Navajo is a family of cabin-class twin-engine aircraft designed and built by Piper Aircraft for the general aviation market using Lycoming engines. Kingscote Airport is roughly 13 km out of Kingscote, South Australia the main town on Kangaroo Island. Air Kangaroo Island (formerly Air Transit), flew Cessna 402's to the Island during the 1990s. The Cessna 401 and 402 are series of 6 to 10 place light twin Piston engine Aircraft. Keith Stevens operated Albatross Airlines for much of the 1980s and early 1990s.

From 1986 to 1990, Lloyd Aviation operated Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante aircraft, before flying the Irish-made Short 330. The Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante ( Portuguese: " Scout " is a general purpose 15-21 passenger twin- Turboprop light transport WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout For several years during the 1980s, Commodore Airlines (eventually becoming State Air) offered another alternative service. QantasLink briefly operated a service after the demise of Emu Airways, commencing 18 December 2005, but withdrew less than six months later. QantasLink is a regional brand of Australian airline Qantas and is an affiliate member of the Oneworld Airline alliance. Qantaslink also operated direct flights from Kangaroo Island to Melbourne, the first time the route was operated.

In January 2007 Air South [11] commenced four services daily using Titan nine-seater aircraft.

Population and Economy

According to the 2006 Census, the island has a population of 4,259. [12] Population growth has slowed in past years, with the attraction of mainland Australia for younger adults being the key factor in this. Census information indicates the number of residents aged over 55 increased from 24. 1% in 2001 to 29. 8% in 2006.

The economy is mostly agricultural (wine, honey, wool, meat and grain). Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Traditionally sheep grazing has been the key element in agriculture on the Island, however in recent times, more diverse crops, such as potatoes and canola have been introduced. Canola is a type of Edible oil derived from plants initially bred in Canada by Keith Downey and Baldur Stefansson in the 1970s Cattle farming has grown as well, with good quality beef cattle being grown in the higher rainfall areas. Tourism and fishing also play significant roles, with the island experiencing over 140,000 visitors per annum, and some of the best southern rock lobster being sourced from the island's rugged south coast.

The island also has 28 wine growers. [13] The first vineyard was planted at Eastern Cove in 1976 and the first wine made in 1982. This was blended with Tolleys Barossa wine and sold from the cellar door of Eastern Cove Wine as KI-Barossa blend. The Florance vineyard was established under supervision of B. Hayes of Eastern Cove, who produced its first wine - Eastern Cove Cygnet - and introduced it at the University of South Australia, 1990. The wine carried a Kangaroo Island appellation label as first wine 100% of the region.

Kangaroo Island is famous for its honey and for being the oldest bee sanctuary in the world. Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the Ligurian bees were imported from the Italian province of Liguria in 1881, and Kangaroo Island now has the only pure strain in the world. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions

Politics

The Kangaroo Island Council provides local government for the entire island, and was formed in 1996 following amalgamation of the previous District Councils of Kingscote and Dudley. The Kangaroo Island Council is a local government area of South Australia that covers the entirety of Kangaroo Island, 13 km off the Coast of Local Government Area (abbreviated LGA) is a term used in Australia (and especially by the Australian Bureau of Statistics) to refer to areas controlled

Kangaroo Island is in the federal Division of Mayo, represented by Alexander Downer, and in the state Electoral district of Finniss, represented by Michael Pengilly, a former mayor of the Kangaroo Island Council. The Division of Mayo is an Australian Electoral Division located in the hills east of Adelaide, South Australia and currently includes the towns of Alexander John Gosse Downer (born 9 September 1951 is an Australian Liberal politician who was Foreign Minister of Australia from March 1996 to December Members for Alexandra and Finniss Michael Pengilly is an Australian politician who took over from retiring sitting member Dean Brown for the safe Liberal seat of Finniss at the 2006

Planning

The Kangaroo Island Council has released a draft General Development Plan Amendment, the first major review of planning issues since 1996. [14] Additionally, a draft Heritage Development Plan Amendment has been simulataneously released for public comment. Over one hundred places have been suggested for inclusion on a Local Heritage register. Inclusion of a place on the register requires council approval for various proposed improvements that may be considered. [15]

Wildlife and its protection

More than half of the island has never been cleared of vegetation, and a quarter of it is conserved in National Parks, Conservation Parks, and five Wilderness Protection Areas [16]. A national park is a reserve of land usually declared and owned by a national Government, protected from most Human development and pollution Conservation park is a type of specially protected status for land held by the Crown for conservation purposes The main protected areas are:

Because of its isolation from mainland Australia, foxes and rabbits are absent from the island. Flinders Chase is a National park on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 213 km southwest of Adelaide. Seal Bay Conservation Park is located on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Cape Gantheaume Conservation Park is located on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area is located on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. A fox is an Animal belonging to any one of about 27 Species (of which only 12 actually belong to the Vulpes genus or 'true foxes' of small Rabbits are small Mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world The Kangaroo Island Kangaroo, Rosenberg's Sand Goanna, Southern Brown Bandicoot, Tammar Wallaby, Common Brushtail Possum, Short-beaked Echidna and New Zealand Fur Seal are native to the island, as well as six bat and frog species. A kangaroo is a Marsupial from the family Macropodidae (macropods meaning 'large foot' Goanna is the name used to refer to any number of Australian Monitor lizards of the genus Varanus, as well as to certain species from Southeast A bandicoot is any of about 20 species of small to medium-sized terrestrial Marsupial Omnivores in the order Peramelemorphia. The Tammar Wallaby ( Macropus eugenii) also known as the Dama Wallaby or Darma Wallaby, is a small member of the Kangaroo family and is the type The Common Brushtail Possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula, from the Greek for "furry tailed" and the Latin for "little fox" is the largest The Short-beaked Echidna ( Tachyglossus aculeatus) also known as the Spiny Anteater because of its diet of Ants and Termites, is one This article is about the block cipher algorithm For the ultrafast laser pulse measurement technique see Frequency-resolved optical gating. The sole endemic (found nowhere else) vertebrate species is a small marsupial carnivore called the Kangaroo Island Dunnart. The Kangaroo Island Dunnart (Sminthopsis aitkeni is a dark sooty grey coloured Dunnart species with paler underparts of its body The Koala, Common Ringtail Possum and Platypus have been introduced and still survive there. The Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus is a thickset Arboreal Marsupial herbivore native to Australia, and the only extant The Common Ringtail Possum ( Pseudocheirus peregrinus, Greek for "false hand" and Latin for "pilgrim" or "alien" is an The Platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a semi- aquatic Mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. Kangaroo Island had a native species of Emu, the Kangaroo Island Emu; however, it became extinct between 1802 and official European settlement in 1836, perhaps owing to bushfires or from hunting by sealers or whalers. The Emu ( Dromaius novaehollandiae, is the largest Bird native to Australia and the only extant member of the Genus Kangaroo Island Emu ( Dromaius baudinianus) is an Extinct member of the Bird family Casuariidae. Ladysmith-RFSJPG|right|thumb| Ladysmith NSW RFS fire fighting tanker]]A Bushfire is a Fire that occurs in the bush (collective term for

The introduced Koalas have flourished on the island, to the degree that their preferred food source, the Manna Gum, is currently at risk of extinction. Koalas have recently been forced to turn to other, less palatable, species. Management methods used include surgical sterilisation and transfer to suitable empty mainland sites. This does not appear to be keeping up with the breeding rate, though, so the only practical solution may be culling. The government is opposed to this though, fearing an economic backlash through tourism boycotts.

Kangaroo Island is the last South Australian refuge of the endangered Glossy Black Cockatoo. The Glossy Black Cockatoo ( Calyptorhynchus lathami) also known as the Casuarina Black Cockatoo after one of their preferred food items is the smallest member A list of birds recorded on Kangaroo Island can be found in the List of the birds of Kangaroo Island, South Australia. The following is a list of the birds recorded on Kangaroo Island, South Australia Emus Emu Kangaroo Island Emu

Fires

Burn scars show red in this false-colour satellite image
Burn scars show red in this false-colour satellite image

Lightning strikes on Thursday 6th December 2007 caused several fires on the Island. Before being contained on 16th December 2007, over 90,000 hectares ( or 20% of the Island ) had been burnt, principally within National Park and Conservation Reserves. The most serious outbreak occurred in Flinders Chase, with 63,000 hectares ( or 85% of the total Park area ) having been burnt. [17]

Tourism

Kangaroo Island is one of South Australia's most popular tourist attractions, attracting over 140,000 visitors each year, with international visitors accounting for more than 25% of these visits. [18]

Places of interest

Some of the most popular tourist spots are:

Shipwrecks

Numerous ships have been wrecked on the Kangaroo Island coastline, the largest being Portland Maru of 5865 tons, which sank at Cape Torrens on 20th March 1935.

The greatest loss of life occcured with the wreck of Loch Sloy on 24th April 1899 at Maurpetius Bay, when 31 persons were drowned, and one initial survivor subsequently perishing.

28 persons were drowned at West Bay in September 1905, when Loch Vennachar was wrecked. History and description Loch Vennachar was built in 1875 by Thomson's on the Clyde for the Glasgow Shipping Company [19]

Lighthouses

The first lighthouse built in South Australia was erected at Cape Willoughby in 1852. Cape Borda lighthouse was built in 1858, whilst the Cape du Couedic lighthouse was erected in 1906. All lighthouses continue to be operational. [20]

Gallery

Seal Bay's Australian Sea Lions

Remarkable Rocks

Remarkable Rocks

Admirals Arch

Cape Borda Lighthouse

Cape Willoughby Lighthouse

Little Sahara

Murray Lagoon

Lifestyle

Safe swimming is possible on the northern beaches, such as Emu Bay, Stokes Bay or Snelling Beach, and at Island Beach on the Dudley Peninsula. The Australian Sea Lion ( Neophoca cinerea) is a species of Sea lion that breeds only on the south and west coasts of Australia. The south coast has dangerous undertows and is more suitable for stronger and experienced swimmers only. A rip current, rip tide or rip is a strong surface flow of Water returning Seaward from near the Shore (not to be confused with an

Climate

The winters between June and September are mild and wet, the summers usually warm and dry. Tempered by the ocean, particularly on the coastline, maximum temperatures in summer rarely exceed 35 degrees Celsius. Average temperatures in August range between 13 to 16 degrees and in February, the hottest month, between 20 and 25 degrees. Between May and September the island receives 2/3 of its annual rainfall, varying from 450 mm in Kingscote to around 900 mm near Roo Lagoon on the top of the central plateau. The wettest month is July. [21]

Notes and references

  1. ^ Rebe Taylor (2002). Unearthed: The Aboriginal Tasmanians of Kangaroo Island. Kent Town: Wakefield Press. ISBN 1-86254-552-9.  
  2. ^ Tony Love (13 December 2002), “Colonial History; In the beginning”, The Advertiser: p. The Advertiser is a daily tabloid Newspaper published in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. 19, <http://hnn.us/comments/5828.html>. Retrieved on 18 August 2007 
  3. ^ Smith, Andrea (June 2006). "The maritime cultural landscape of Kangaroo Island, South Australia: A study of Kingscote and West Bay". . Flinders University, South Australia Retrieved on 2007-06-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
  4. ^ State Library of South Australia. Loading sheep at Kingscote Jetty. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
  5. ^ Newcastle Regional Museum. Summary of R.W.Miller & Co.. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
  6. ^ Adelaide Advertiser, State Opposition statement attributed to Ted Chapman MP,26th August 1987
  7. ^ Our Company History - Sealink Web Site
  8. ^ KI Ferries expected to be operating by week's end. ABC News (30 Jul 2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation
  9. ^ Fuel price leaves KI ferry high and dry. Adelaide Advertiser (22 May 2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
  10. ^ ABC News Online (2002-08-07). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Kangaroo Island residents unhappy about ferry agreement. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
  11. ^ Air South. Retrieved on 2007-07-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  12. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Kangaroo Island (DC) (Local Government Area). 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved on 2007-06-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul.
  13. ^ Bottled With Pride - Tourism SA, Kangaroo Island
  14. ^ http://www.kangarooisland.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/General_DPA_-_1_November_2007.pdf
  15. ^ http://www.kangarooisland.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/Heritage_DPA_-_1_November_2007.pdf
  16. ^ Parks - Regions
  17. ^ The Islander 2007-12-20
  18. ^ Kangaroo Island Tourism Optimisation Model (2005-2006). Visitor Exit Surveys. Retrieved on 2007-06-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
  19. ^ Chapman,Gifford D,Kangaroo Island Shipwrecks: Roebuck Society Publications 1972, ISBN 0 909434 01 8
  20. ^ Chapman,Gifford D. Kangaroo Island Shipwrecks Roebruck Society Publication, 1972, ISBN 0 909434 01 8
  21. ^ Bureau of Meteorology, Australia. Climate statistics for Australian locations. Retrieved on 2007-06-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries

See also

External links

The list of lighthouses and lightvessels is a link page for any Lighthouse or Lightvessel anywhere in the world Proclamation Day is the name of a number of days either commemorating or marked by a Proclamation being issued The South Australian wine industry is responsible for more than half the production of all Australian wine. History and description Loch Vennachar was built in 1875 by Thomson's on the Clyde for the Glasgow Shipping Company Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.
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