Kaliningrad Oblast (English) Калининградская область (Russian)
Location of Kaliningrad Oblast in Russia
Coat of Arms	Flag
Coat of arms of Kaliningrad Oblast	Flag of Kaliningrad Oblast
Anthem: None
Administrative center	Kaliningrad
Established	April 7, 1946
Political status Federal district Economic region	Oblast Northwestern Kaliningrad
Code	39
Area
Area - Rank within Russia	15,100 km² 76th
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population - Rank within Russia - Density - Urban - Rural	955,281 inhabitants 57th 63. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification The flag of the Exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast is a rectangle with a ratio of 23 divided into three horizontal stripes A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's Kaliningrad (Калининград is a Seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian Exclave between Poland Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Russia is a Federation which consists of 83  subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal This article is about an administrative division of the federal government of Russia Russia is divided into twelve economic regions (экономи́ческие райо́ны ekonomicheskiye rayony, sing The Russian Federation is divided into 83  subjects ( subyekty) of which 46 are oblasts ("provinces" sing Northwestern Federal District (Се́веро-За́падный федера́льный о́круг tr Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of Russia 's area is about 17 million square kilometers (65 million sq Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried 3 inhab.  / km² 77. 6% 22. 4%
Official language	Russian
Government
Governor	Georgy Boos
Legislative body	Oblast Duma
Charter	Charter of Kaliningrad Oblast
Official website
http://www.gov.kaliningrad.ru/

Kaliningrad Oblast (Russian: Калинингра́дская о́бласть, Kaliningradskaya oblast; informally called Yantarny kray (Янта́рный край, meaning amber region) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia on the Baltic coast. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Georgy Valentinovich Boos (in Георгий Валентинович Боос b A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The term basic law is used in some places as an alternative to " Constitution " implying it is a temporary but necessary measure without formal enactment A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russia is a Federation which consists of 83  subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the Ocean.

Despite being the westernmost part of the Russian Federation, it has no land connection to the rest of Russia since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 Since then it has been an exclave of Russia surrounded by Lithuania and Poland. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Borderless travel to the main part of Russia is only possible by sea or air. This political isolation became more pronounced when Lithuania and Poland both became members of the European Union and NATO, and entered the Schengen Zone, which means that the oblast is surrounded by the territories of these organizations as well. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The North Atlantic Treaty The term Schengen Agreement is used for two agreements concluded among European states in 1985 and 1990 which deal with the abolition of systematic Border controls

Its largest city and the administrative center is Kaliningrad (formerly known as Königsberg), which has historical significance as both a major city of Prussia and the capital of the former German province East Prussia, partitioned after World War II between the USSR and Poland. The classification system of the types of inhabited localities in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared Kaliningrad (Калининград is a Seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian Exclave between Poland Geographical renaming is the act of changing the name of a geographical feature or area Königsberg (Karaliaučius Low German: Königsbarg; Królewiec see also other names) was until 1946 the name of Kaliningrad. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. East Prussia (Ostpreußen; Rytų Prūsija or Rytprūsiai; Prusy Wschodnie Восточная Пруссия or Vostochnaya Prussiya) refers to the main part World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Population: 968,200 (2004 est. ); 955,281 (2002 Census);^[1] ; 871,283 (1989 Census). Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried The 1989 Soviet Census was the final and most comprehensive census taken within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. ^[2].

Contents 1 Geography 2 Politics 3 History 3.1 East Prussia 3.2 Kaliningrad Oblast 4 Military 5 Time zone 6 Administrative divisions 7 Demographics 7.1 Population 7.2 Ethnic groups 8 Economy 8.1 Industry 8.2 Natural Resources 8.3 Fishing 8.4 Power generation 9 References 10 External links

Geography

Kaliningrad Oblast is a non-contiguous exclave of Russia surrounded by Lithuania, Poland, and the Baltic Sea. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude.

Geographical features include:

• Curonian Lagoon - shared with Lithuania
• Vistula Lagoon - shared with Poland

Politics

The current governor (since 2005) of Kaliningrad Oblast is Georgy Boos, who succeeded Vladimir Yegorov. The Curonian Lagoon (or Bay, Gulf; Kuršių MariosKuršu Joma Zalew Kuroński Kurisches Haff Kуршский залив is separated from the Baltic The Vistula Lagoon (Zalew Wiślany or Zatoka Fryska in 1910 Калининградский залив or Kaliningradskiy Zaliv; Frisches Haff Aismarės is a Georgy Valentinovich Boos (in Георгий Валентинович Боос b Vladimir Yegorov was the Governor of Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia in 2001 - 2005.

The EU and Russia have had serious political debate over Kaliningrad. The recent enlargement of the EU (2004) saw Poland and Lithuania become member states meaning Kaliningrad now has land borders only with the EU. Issues of security have been at the forefront of debate, with high relevance to the Schengen Agreement. The term Schengen Agreement is used for two agreements concluded among European states in 1985 and 1990 which deal with the abolition of systematic Border controls

History

East Prussia

The region of Kaliningrad Oblast was inhabited during the Middle Ages by tribes of Old Prussians in the western part, and Lithuanians in the eastern part by the Pregolya and Alna rivers. "Prussians" redirects here "Prussians" may also refer to citizens of the former German state of Prussia. Lithuanians are the Baltic Ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number a little over 3 million The Pregolya or Pregola (Преголя Pregel Prieglius is a River in the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast exclave The Teutonic Knights conquered the region and established a monastic state. The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. The monastic state of the Teutonic Knights (Deutschordensland sometimes known in English by the German term Ordensstaat (ˈɔːdn̩ˌʃtɑːt or "Order-State" On the foundations of a destroyed Prussian settlement known as Tvanksta, the Order founded the major city Königsberg, the current Kaliningrad. Kaliningrad (Калининград is a Seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian Exclave between Poland Germans and Poles resettled the territory and assimilated the indigenous Old Prussians. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. The Lithuanian-inhabited areas became known as Lithuania Minor. Lithuanians are the Baltic Ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number a little over 3 million Lithuania Minor (Mažoji Lietuva Kleinlitauen Litwa Mniejsza Máлая Литвá or Prussian Lithuania (Prūsų Lietuva Preußisch-Litauen Litwa Pruska is a historical In 1525, Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg secularised the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order and established himself as the sovereign of the Duchy of Prussia, the Polish fief, later inherited by the Margravate of Brandenburg. Albert (Albrecht Albertus 16 May 1490 – 20 March 1568 was the 37th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and after converting to Lutheranism, The German Mediatisation was the series of mediatisations and secularisations that occurred in Germany in 1795 &ndash 1814, during The Duchy of Prussia or Ducal Prussia (Herzogtum Preußen Prūsijos kunigaikštystė Prusy Książęce was a Duchy in the eastern part of Prussia from The Margraviate of Brandenburg (Markgrafschaft Brandenburg was a major Principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 The region was reorganized into the Province of East Prussia within the Kingdom of Prussia in 1773. East Prussia (Ostpreußen; Rytų Prūsija or Rytprūsiai; Prusy Wschodnie Восточная Пруссия or Vostochnaya Prussiya) refers to the main part The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising

East Prussia was an important centre of German culture. Zelenogradsk, (; Krańc Krantas is a Town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. Many important figures, such as Immanuel Kant and E. T. A. Hoffmann, originated from this region. Immanuel Kant (ɪmanuəl kant 22 April 1724 12 February 1804 was an 18th-century German Philosopher from the Prussian city of Königsberg Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann ( January 24, 1776 &ndash June 25, 1822) better known by his Pen name E The cities of Kaliningrad Oblast, despite being heavily damaged during World War II and after, still bear typical German architecture, such as Jugendstil, showing the rich German history and cultural importance of the area. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international The Lithuanian-speaking population in East Prussia diminished due to Germanization; in the early 20th century Lithuanians made up a majority only in the far northeast of East Prussia, the rest of the area being predominantly German-speaking.

The Memel Territory (Klaipėda region), formerly part of northeastern East Prussia, came under Lithuanian control in 1923 after World War I. The Klaipėda Region (Klaipėdos kraštas or Memel Territory (Memelland or Memelgebiet Territoire de Memel was defined by the Treaty of Versailles World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All After coming to power in 1933, the Nazi regime in Germany radically altered about a third of the place names of this area by Germanizing most names of Old Prussian or Lithuanian origin in 1938. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German

Kaliningrad Oblast

During World War II the Soviet Red Army entered the eastern-most tip of East Prussia on August 29, 1944. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rumours of massacres committed by the Soviet troops spread panic in the province and caused a mass flight westward. More than two million people were evacuated, many of them via the Baltic Sea. The evacuation of East Prussia refers to the evacuation of the German civilian population and military personnel in East Prussia and the Klaipėda region The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. The remaining population was deported after the war ended and the area was repopulated primarily by Russians and, to a lesser extent, by Ukrainians and Belarusians (see "Demographics", below). The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also Kaliningrad Oblast (Калинингра́дская о́бласть Kaliningradskaya oblast; informally called Yantarny kray (ru Янта́рный край meaning

The Potsdam Agreement of world powers assigned northern East Prussia to the Soviet Union pending the final determination of territorial questions at the peace settlement:

VI. The Potsdam Agreement was an agreement on policy for the occupation and reconstruction of Germany and other nations after fighting in the European Theatre of World War II The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 CITY OF KOENIGSBERG AND THE ADJACENT AREA
The Conference examined a proposal by the Soviet Government that pending the final determination of territorial questions at the peace settlement the section of the western frontier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which is adjacent to the Baltic Sea should pass from a point on the eastern shore of the Bay of Gdansk to the east, north of Braunsberg and Goldap, to the meeting point of the frontiers of Lithuania, the Polish Republic and East Prussia. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Gdańsk Bay or the Bay of Gdańsk (Zatoka Gdańska Gduńskô Hôwinga Гданьская бухта also known as Danzig Bay (Danziger Bucht is a southeastern Braniewo ( former Brunsberga Prūsa is a Town in northeastern Poland, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, with a population of 18068 (2004 Gołdap ( Geldapė is a Town and the seat of Gołdap County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Conference has agreed in principle to the proposal of the Soviet Government concerning the ultimate transfer to the Soviet Union of the city of Koenigsberg and the area adjacent to it as described above, subject to expert examination of the actual frontier. The President of the United States and the British Prime Minister have declared that they will support the proposal of the Conference at the forthcoming peace settlement. Clement Richard Attlee 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC ( 3 January 1883 &ndash 8 October 1967 [1]

In 1957, an agreement was signed and later came into force which delimited the boundary between Poland and the Soviet Union. (Full text: [2], for other issues of the frontier delimitation see [3])

According to some accounts from the times of Nikita Khrushchev (1953-1964), the Soviet government had planned to make the rest of the area a part of the Lithuanian SSR immediately after World War II. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika Литовская Советская Социалистическая Республика The area was administered by the planning committee of the LSSR, although the area had its own Party committee. A Planning committee in the United Kingdom is a committee of Local Authority councillors that sit as the Local Planning Authority to determine Planning However, the leadership of the Lithuanian SSR (especially Antanas Sniečkus) refused to take the territory mainly because of its devastation during the war. Antanas Sniečkus ( January 22, 1974) was First Secretary of the Lithuanian Communist Party from August 1940 to January 22, 1974 Instead the region was added to the Russian SFSR and since 1946 it has been known as Kaliningrad Oblast. According to some historians, Joseph Stalin created it as an oblast separate from the LSSR because it further enclosed the Baltic republics from the West. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings [4] Names of the towns, cities, rivers, and other geographical objects were changed into newly-created Russian ones.

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the independence of the Baltic states physically isolated Kaliningrad Oblast from the rest of Russia. The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the Some ethnic Germans began to migrate to the area, especially Volga Germans from other parts of Russia and Kazakhstan, especially after Germany stopped granting free right of return to ethnic Germans from the former Soviet Union. The Volga Germans (Wolgadeutsche or Russlanddeutsche) were Ethnic Germans living along the Volga River in the region of southern European Russia Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the The economic situation has been badly affected by this isolation (and the large reduction in the size of the Russian military garrison which was previously one of the major employers), especially when neighbouring nations imposed strict border controls when they joined the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Russian proposals for visa-free travel between the EU and Kaliningrad have so far been rejected by the EU.

In recent times, the situation started to change, but very slowly. Germany and Lithuania have renewed contact with Kaliningrad Oblast through town twinning and other projects. This has helped to promote interest in the history and the culture of the East Prussian and Lietuvininkai communities. The term Prussian Lithuanians, Lietuwininkai (singular Lietuwininkas) Lietuvininkai refers to a Western Lithuanian ethnic group which did not form

Military

Kaliningrad Oblast is the most militarized area of the Russian Federation and the density of military installations is the highest in Europe. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Kaliningrad is a headquarters of Russian Baltic Fleet circled by Chernyakhovsk (air base), Donskoye (air base), Kaliningrad Chkalovsk (naval air base). The Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet - (Дважды Краснознамённый Балтийский флот was the Imperial later Soviet and is now the Russian Navy's Chernyakhovsk (also Chernyahovsk) &ndash Черняхо́вск &ndash is a naval air base located 4 km southwest of the city of Chernyakhovsk in the Donskoye (also Bryusterort or Donskoe) is an air base in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia located 1 km east of Donskoye Kaliningrad Chkalovsk (also Chkalovskoye, Tchalov, or Proveren) is a naval air base in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia located 9

The Washington Times claimed on January 3 2001, citing anonymous intelligence reports, that Russia had transferred tactical nuclear weapons into a military base in Kaliningrad for the first time since the Cold War ended. The Washington Times is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper published in Washington D Russian top-level military leaders denied those claims^[3]. Pentagon spokeperson stated that deployment would violate Russian pledge that Russia were removing nuclear weapons from the Baltics. Russia and the United States announced in 1991 and 1992 a non-binding agreement to reduce arsenals of tactical nuclear weapons. On the eve of the reunification of Germany, Helmut Kohl promised Mikhail Gorbachev that NATO's military infrastructures would not move eastward into the territory of East Germany, a fact since confirmed by the former U. Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (born 3 April 1930 is a German conservative politician and statesman Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state S. Ambassador to Moscow Jack Matlock. Jack Foust Matlock Jr (born 1929 is a former American Ambassador, career Foreign Service Officer, a teacher a Historian, and a linguist Later Russia was privately assured that Eastern European states would not seek membership in NATO^[4]. Today both Central European and Baltic countries are NATO members.

Time zone

Kaliningrad Oblast is located in the Eastern European Time Zone (known locally as the Kaliningrad Time Zone or the Russia Zone 1). Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC offset is +0200 (USZ1)/+0300 (USZ1S).

Administrative divisions

Main articles: Administrative divisions of Kaliningrad Oblast and List of settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast

Demographics

Population

According to the 2002 Census the population of the region was 955,281 (78% urban; 22% rural). This is a list of inhabited localities in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, with their former names in German, Polish, and Lithuanian Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried Kaliningrad Oblast is the fourth most densely populated in the Russian Federation, with 62. Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division 5 persons per sq. km. Almost none of the pre-World War II Lithuanian population (Lietuvininks) or German population remain in Kaliningrad Oblast. The term Prussian Lithuanians, Lietuwininkai (singular Lietuwininkas) Lietuvininkai refers to a Western Lithuanian ethnic group which did not form

Ethnic groups

According to the 2002 Census the 'national composition' included

• 786,885 Russians (82. Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries 37%)
• 50,748 Belarusians (5. Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also 31%)
• 47,229 Ukrainians (4. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens 94%)
• 13,937 Lithuanians (1. Lithuanians are the Baltic Ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number a little over 3 million 46%)
• 8,415 Armenians (0. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large 88%)
• 8,340 Germans (0. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as 87%)
• 4,729 Tatars (0. Tatars ( Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic -speaking ethnic group or multiple ethnic groups 50%)
• 3,918 Poles (0. The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. 41%)
• 2,959 Azeris (0. This article is about Azeris in Russia For Azeris in general see the respective article 30%)
• 2,320 Mordvins (0. The Mordvins (also Mordva, Mordvinians) are a people who speak languages of the Volga-Finnic (Finno-Volgaic branch of the Finno-Ugric language 24%)
• 2,027 Chuvash (0. 21%)
• 1,599 Jews (0. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ 17%)
• 1,447 Roma (0. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins 15%)
• 1,116 Moldovans (0. Moldovans, or Moldavians (original name Moldoveni; Молдовень in the Moldovan Cyrillic script, used nowadays only in Transnistria 12%)
• 738 Chechens (0. Chechens ( Chechen: Hохчи / Noxçi) constitute the largest native Ethnic group originating in the North Caucasus region 08%)
• 709 Latvians (0. Latvians or Letts (latvieši the indigenous Baltic people of Latvia, occasionally refer to themselves by the ancient name of Latvji, which 07%)
• 681 Georgians (0. The Georgians (ქართველები kartvelebi) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus, the oldest group of the 07%)
• 631 Kazakhs (0. The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; Kazakh: Қазақтар qɑzɑqtɑr Russian: Казахи the English name is transliterated 07%)
• 631 Uzbeks (0. The Uzbeks (Self designation sg O‘zbek, pl O‘zbeklar) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. 07%)
• 562 Bashkirs (0. The Bashkirs, a Turkic people, live in Russia, mostly in the republic of Bashkortostan. 06%)
• 504 Yezidi (0. The Yazidi (also Yezidi, Kurdish: ئزیدی or Êzidî, Arabic: يزيدي or ايزدي Assyrian/Syriac: ܓ̰ܠܟܝܐ is a 05%)
• 448 Mari (0. The Mari are a Volga-Finnic people who have traditionally lived along the Volga and Kama rivers in Russia 05%)
• 433 Ossetians (0. The Ossetians (ирæттæ irættæ are an Iranic Ethnic group indigenous to Ossetia, a region that spans the Caucasus Mountains 05%)
• 382 Udmurts (0. The Udmurts are a people who speak the Udmurt language. Through history they have been known in Russian as Chud Otyatskaya (чудь отяцкая 04%)
• 359 Lezgins (0. The Lezgins (other spellings Lezgin, Lezgi, Lezgis, Lezgs, and Lezgians) ( Lezgian: лезгияр Russian 04%)
• 346 Bulgarians (0. The Bulgarians (българи balgari) are a South Slavic people generally associated with the Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language 04%)
• and 309 Tajiks (0. Tajik ( - Tādjīk; UniPers: Tâjik; Cyrillic: Тоҷик is a term generally applied to Persian-speaking people of 03%)

as well as other groups of less than three hundred persons each. An additional 0. 93% of residents declined to state their nationality or ethnocultural identity on the census questionnaire. ^[5]

Economy

According to official statistics, the Gross Regional Product of the Kaliningrad Oblast was 115 billion roubles^[6]

Industry

The region has transport (railcars) and heavy equipment (crane) plants. The ruble or rouble (in Russian: рубль rubl') is a unit of currency A railcar (not to be confused with a railway car) is a self-propelled railway Vehicle designed to Transport passengers A crane is a lifting machine equipped with a Winder, Wire ropes or Chains and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to Car and truck assembly (GM, BMW, KIA, YUEJIN) and production of auto parts are growing industries. General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 The Nanjing Automobile (Group Corporation (Chinese 南京汽车集团有限公司 or 南京汽車集團有限公司) is a state-owned enterprise with history dates There are shipbuilding facilities in Kalinigrad and Sovetsk. Food processing is a mature industry in the region.

Natural Resources

Kaliningrad Oblast possesses more than 90% of the world's amber deposits^[7]. Amber is Fossil tree Resin, which is appreciated for its color and beauty Most of the mined amber is processed outside of the region, both in Russia and in other countries.

There are small oil reservoirs beneath the Baltic Sea not far from Kaliningrad's shore. Small-scale offshore exploration started in 2004 and some Baltic countries (Poland and Lithuania), as well as local NGOs voiced concerns regarding possible environmental impact. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the

Fishing

Fishing is one of the important regional industries, with big fishing ports in Kaliningrad and Pionerskoe and lesser ones in Svetly and Rybachy. Svetly, prior to 1945 known by its German name Zimmerbude (Све́тлый Zimmerbude Cimerbūdė is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia Rybachy, (Рыба́чий Rossitten Rosity Rasytė is a rural settlement in Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast, the northern part of former

Power generation

Average yearly power consumption in the Kaliningrad Oblast was 3. 5 bln kWh in 2004 with local power generation providing just 235 mln. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " kWh. The balance of energy was imported from neighbouring countries. A new Kaliningrad power station was built in 2005, covering 50% of the Oblast's energy needs. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A second power station is scheduled to enter service in 2010, making the Oblast independent from electricity imports. There are plans to build two nuclear power reactors in the eastern part of Kaliningrad. In 2005, a nuclear energy supply in Russia counted 137 billion kWh which is 16% of total output

References

History section:

1. Simon Grunau, Preußische Chronik. Hrsg. von M. Perlbach etc. , Leipzig, 1875.
2. A. Bezzenberger, Geographie von Preußen, Gotha, 1959

External links

• Online guide to Kaliningrad — Kaliningradcity.ru
• Official site (Russian)
• Raymond A. Smith "THE STATUS OF THE KALININGRAD OBLAST UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW" LITUANUS LITHUANIAN QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Volume 38, No. 1 - Spring 1992
• A. Liucija Arbusauskaité "The Soviet Policy Towards the "Kaliningrad Germans" 1945-1951" chapter in "Themenheft: Eingliederung und Ausgrenzung. Beiträge aus der Historischen Migrationsforschung. Hrsg. : Jochen Oltmer Osnabrück: IMIS, 1999. ISSN 0949-4723
• Kaliningrad Oblast on Google Maps
• Photos of Kaliningrad
• Recent photos taken by Joost Lemmens of the Netherlands shows examples of small towns neglected under the Soviet Union around Kaliningrad Oblast. This site gives the Prussian German town names and the corresponding Russian names after 1945/49. It starts out with the gate of the horse breeding stables in Trakehnen, and hopeful signs of new beginnings for this devastated land. Yasnaya Polyana, prior to 1945 known by its German name Trakehnen (Я́сная Поля́на Trakehnen Trakėnai Trakany is a settlement in
• Master's thesis by Sergey Naumkin on the possibility of Kaliningrad integrating with the EU as a special economic zone
• Life in Kaliningrad Oblast (Russian)
• Spuren der Vergangenheit / Следы Пρошлого (Traces of the past) This site by W. A Special Economic Zone ( SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws A. Milowskij, a Kaliningrad resident, contains hundreds of interesting photos, often with text explanations, of architectural and infrastructural artifacts of the territory's long German past. (German) (Russian)
• Euroregion Baltic

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic