Kalgan River - Citizendia

Kalgan River
Southern end of Kalgan River near Lower Kalgan Bridge
Origin	Stirling Ranges
Mouth	Oyster Harbour
Basin countries	Australia
Length	140 kilometres (87 mi)
Avg. The Stirling Range or Koikyennuruff is a range of mountains and hills in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, 337 km south-east of A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States discharge	1. In Hydrology, the discharge or outflow of a River is the volume of Water transported by it in a certain amount of time 69 m³/s (53,400 Megalitres/year)
Basin area	2,562 km² . ^[1]

The Kalgan River is a river in the great southern region of Western Australia. "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there The Great Southern region is one of the nine Regions of Western Australia. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. The mouth of the river is found at coordinates 34°57'3. 13"S 117°58'41. 41"E.

The river is 140 kilometres (87 mi) long and, along with the King River, drains into Oyster Harbour. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The King River rises east of the town of Redmond The river flows for approximately and along with the Kalgan River drains into Oyster Harbour north east of The lower nine kilometres of the river take the form of a drowned river valley with steep hillsides of forest and farmland, and the occasional outcrop of granite . ^[2] The river's source is west of the Stirling Ranges and rises north west of Kendenup and flows generally southwards until it reaches Oyster Harbour about 10km northeast of Albany. The Stirling Range or Koikyennuruff is a range of mountains and hills in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, 337 km south-east of Albany ( is located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, situated around a port on the southern coast It was named as the 'Riviere des Francais' by the French Scientific Expedition in 1803 captained by French explorer Nicolas Baudin in the Geographe who anchored in Oyster Harbour, and was subsequently known as the 'French River' by early settlers. Nicolas-Thomas Baudin ( February 17, 1754 - September 16, 1803) was a French explorer The explorer Dr Alexander Collie recorded the river as 'Kal-gan-up' in April 1831. Dr Alexander Collie (2 June 1793-8 November 1835 was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland and was a surgeon on board the H The name Kalganup is believed to be the Noongar word for 'place of many waters'. The Noongar (alternate spellings Nyungar / Nyoongar / Nyoongah / Nyungah / Nyugah) are an Indigenous Australian people who live ^[3] Kalganup is also thought to mean 'place of fishes' and there are still the remains of Aboriginal fish traps to prove the point. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. ^[4] The Kalgan River is the Region’s fourth largest river in terms of average annual flow (53,400 megalitres), and has the third largest catchment area (2,562 km²). The upper reaches of the Kalgan lie protected within the National Park. These tributaries are marginally saline to brackish, suggesting the levels of salinity are natural. The loss of catchment vegetation (66% of the catchment is cleared) has increased salinity levels downstream. ^[5]

1 Flora
2 Fauna
3 Bridges
4 Dreamtime
5 References
6 Further reading

Flora

The fringing vegetation of the estuarine portion of the Kalgan river is dominated by the Saltwater paperbark trees surrounded by dense stands of coastal saw sedge and shore rushes. Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region it refers to the Ground cover provided by plants An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open Melaleuca is a Genus of Plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. The family Cyperaceae, or the sedges, is a taxon of monocot Flowering plants that superficially resemble grasses or rushes The plant Genus Scirpus consists of a large number of aquatic grass-like species in the family Cyperaceae (the sedges many with the common names The downstream freshwater parts of the river have a much greater variety of species with a fringing forest that includes swamp paperbark, marri, jarrah, wattle and western australian peppermint trees. Melaleuca is a Genus of Plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. Corymbia calophylla or the Marri (also known as Eucalyptus calophylla (R Taxandria juniperina commonly known as Wattle Swamp Wattle Warren River Cedar or Juniper Myrtle is a species of Tree that grows in the south west corner of Agonis flexuosa, commonly known as Western Australian Peppermint, Swan River Peppermint, Peppermint and Willow Myrtle, is a species Further inland species such as swamp yate, flooded gum and varieties of banksia and hakea are found. Eucalyptus cornuta, commonly known as Yate, is a tree which occurs in an area between Busselton (33°4′S and Albany (35 °S in Eucalyptus rudis, Flooded gum, is a medium sized tree with rough dark and light grey bark however north of Perth its bark is smooth and very similar to Eucalyptus Banksia is a Genus of around 170 Species in the Plant family Proteaceae. Hakea ( Hakea) is a genus of 149 species of Shrubs and small Trees in the Proteaceae, native to Australia. Parts of the riverbank that have been cleared support a variety of introduced weeds that are shallow rooted. In areas where the native deep rooted species have been lost erosion of the river bank has become a problem. Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind ^[6] Many wildflowers can be found along the Luke Pen Walk, a trail that follows the river for the 9km before it reaches Oyster Harbour. Some of the varieties include Hovea trisperma (common hovea), Hovea pungens (devil’s pins), Hovea elliptica (tree hovea), Adenanthos obovatus (basket flower), Lysinema ciliatum (curry flower), Leucopogeon pulchelus (beard heath), Dryandra sessilis (parrot bush), Dryandra squarrosa (pringle) and Acacia extensa (wiry wattle). Hovea trisperma ( Common Hovea) is an evergreen Shrub in the Fabaceae family Banksia sessilis, commonly known as Parrot Bush, is a Species of Shrub or Tree in the Plant Genus Banksia squarrosa, commonly known as Pingle, is a Shrub endemic to Western Australia. Acacia extensa ( Wiry Wattle) is an erect shrub that is native to the South West corner of Western Australia. ^[7]

Fauna

The estuarine end of the Kalgan is good fishing for many species including black bream with a few skippy, herring, mulloway and whiting. The southern black bream, Acanthopagrus butcheri, (also known as the black bream, southern bream and blue-nosed bream) is a Species The Australian herring, Arripis georgianus, is one of four species within the Arripis genus The Sillaginidae, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family ^[8] The Kalgan is renowned as being an excellent place to fish for bream. Bream is a general term for a number of species of Freshwater and marine Fish, mainly but not exhaustively drawn from the genera Some of the state's largest bream have been caught in the river. ^[9] Smaller freshwater species that can be found in the kalgan include the western galaxias (Galaxias occidentalis), the common jollytail (Galaxias maculatus), the mud minnow (Galaxiella munda), Balston's pygmy perch (Nannatherina balston), Nightfish (Bostockia porosa) and the western pygmy perch (Edelia vittata). The Western Galaxias ( Galaxias occidentalis) is a species of Fish in the Galaxiidae family The common galaxias, Galaxias maculatus, is a species of fish from the Galaxiid family that is very widespread in the Southern hemisphere. UserPolbot. -->The western mud minnow ( Galaxiella munda) or Mud Minnow is a species of Fish UserPolbot. -->The balston's pygmy perch ( Nannatherina balstoni) is a species of Perch in the Percichthyidae Western pygmy perch ( Nannoperca vittata, previously known as Edelia vittata) is am Australian Fish. ^[10] The river is home to a large population of birds. In the estuarine part of the river species such as the Australian Pelican, Little Black Cormorant, Pied Cormorant, Pied Oystercatcher, Black-winged Stilt, Common Sandpiper, Australian White Ibis, Straw-necked Ibis, Yellow-billed Spoonbill, Pacific Gull and Caspian Tern can often be seen. The Australian Pelican ( Pelecanus conspicillatus) is a large water Bird, widespread on the inland and coastal waters of Australia and New Guinea The Little Black Cormorant, Phalacrocorax sulcirostris, is a member of the Cormorant family of Seabirds It is common in smaller rivers and lakes throughout The Pied Cormorant ( Phalacrocorax varius) is a medium-sized member of the Cormorant family This species is not to be confused with the Eurasian oystercatcher (a The Black-winged Stilt, Himantopus himantopus, is a widely distibuted very long-legged Wader in the Avocet and Stilt family thumb|left| at [[Puri]] in [[Orissa]] [[India]] The Common Sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos, is a small Wader, 18 - 20 cm long with a 32-35 cm wingspan The Australian White Ibis ( Threskiornis molucca) is a wading Bird of the Ibis family Threskiornithidae, also known as the "Sheep bird" The Straw-necked Ibis, Threskiornis spinicollis, can be found throughout Australia, New Guinea, and parts of Indonesia. The Yellow-billed Spoonbill ( Platalea flavipes) is common in south-east Australia not unusual on the remainder of the continent vagrant to New Zealand Lord Howe The Pacific Gull ( Larus pacificus) is a very large Gull, native to the coasts of Australia. The Caspian Tern ( Hydroprogne caspia, formerly Sterna caspia; syn The freshwater parts of the river also support an enormous variety of birds including Nankeen Kestrel, Australian Hobby, Wedge-tailed Eagle, Short-billed Black-Cockatoo, Long-billed Black-Cockatoo, Galah, Little Corella, Purple-crowned Lorikeet, Red-capped Parrot, Laughing Kookaburra, Willie Wagtail, White-breasted Robin, Splendid Fairy-wren, New Holland Honeyeater, Red Wattlebird and Red-eared Firetail. The Australian or Nankeen Kestrel, Falco cenchroides, is one of the smallest Falcons and unlike many does not rely on speed to catch its The Australian Hobby or Little Falcon ( Falco longipennis) is a Falcon found mainly in Australia. The Short-billed or Carnaby's Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris is a cockatoo endemic to south-western Australia. The Long-billed, White-tailed or Baudin's Black Cockatoo ( Calyptorhynchus baudinii) is a cockatoo endemic to south-western Australia. The Galah, Eolophus roseicapilla, (gəˈlaː is also known as the Rose-breasted Cockatoo or Galah Cockatoo. The Little Corella, Cacatua sanguinea, also known as the Bare-eyed Cockatoo, is a white Cockatoo native to Australia. The Purple-crowned Lorikeet ( Glossopsitta porphyrocephala) also known as the Zit Parrot, is a lorikeet found in scrub and mallee of southern The Red-capped Parrot ( Purpureicephalus spurius) also called the Pileated Parakeet (leading to easy confusion with the South American Pionopsitta pileata The Laughing Kookaburra, Dacelo novaeguineae, is an Australian carnivorous bird in the Kingfisher family The Willie (or Willy) Wagtail ( Rhipidura leucophrys) is a Passerine Bird native to Australia, New Guinea The Bird family Petroicidae includes roughly 45 species in about 15 genera The Splendid Fairy-wren ( Malurus splendens) also known simply as the Splendid Wren or more colloquially in Western Australia as the Blue Wren The New Holland Honeyeater ( Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) is found throughout southern Australia. The Red Wattlebird, Anthochaera carunculata, also known as Barkingbird or Gillbird, is a Honeyeater; a group of birds found mainly in Australia The Red-eared Firetail Stagonopleura oculata is a species of Estrildid finch found in the forests and coastal thickets of south-western Australia. ^[11] Amphibious species that can be commonly be found in and around the river are frogs such as the western banjo and moaning frogs. Limnodynastes is a genus of Frog native to Australia, southern New Guinea and some Torres Strait Islands. The Moaning Frog ( Heleioporus eyrei) is a burrowing frog native to south-western Western Australia. Reptiles that are frequent the area include Tiger snakes and Dugites. Tiger snakes are a type of venomous serpent found in southern regions of Australia, including its coastal islands and Tasmania. The dugite is a highly venomous Snake found in Australia and is capable of inflicting a potentially fatal bite ^[12]

Bridges

The southern end of the Kalgan river has two bridges of note: The Upper Kalgan bridge and the Lower Kalgan Bridge. The Lower Kalgan Bridge was opened in March 1905, at 900 feet (274 m) in length, it was the longest of its kind over water in the State at the time. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International At this time the bridge had a special navigation span 40 feet wide at the deepest part of the river. The original bridge remained in place until 1958, when it was replaced, but the navigation span trusses were removed for preservation and are now on display in the park at the western end of the bridge. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[13]

Dreamtime

The Kalgan river is a place of great significance to the local Noongar people. The Noongar (alternate spellings Nyungar / Nyoongar / Nyoongah / Nyungah / Nyugah) are an Indigenous Australian people who live A dreaming story tells us of a husband and his wife who lived in the Porongurup ranges. The husband beat his wife terribly but she escaped from him by stumbling through the thick bushland. As the wife ran through the bush her digging stick trailed over the Earth and cut open the soil behind her forming the path of the Kalgan river. ^[14]

Kalgan River - Honeymoon Island.

Kalgan River southern end.

Kalgan River Kingfisher sculpture near end of Luke Pen Walk.

References

^ South Coast River Care - Kalgan River (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
^ About Australia: Kalgan River - Natural Attractions (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
^ Western Australian Land Information Authority. History of river names - K. Retrieved on 2007-05-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
^ Jinnunger vineyard website (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
^ WA Planning Commission - Lower Great Southern Strategy Background Paper - Water Resources (2006). Retrieved on 2007-05-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
^ Albany Waterways Resouce Book (1999). Retrieved on 2007-06-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering
^ Albany Visitor Centre - Wildflowers (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering
^ Albany Gateway - aquatic wonders (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering
^ Fishing WA - Kalgan River Bream (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering
^ Native Freshwater Fishes of South-Western Australia (2005). Retrieved on 2007-06-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering
^ Eremaea Birds - Lower Kalgan River (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering
^ [http://www.rivercare.scric.org/resources/awrb/c3.2.html Albany Waterways Resource Book: The Albany waterways and their catchments] (1999). Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year
^ Lower Kalgan Progress Association (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
^ Noongars and whaling in the South-West (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.

Contents

Flora

Fauna

Bridges

Dreamtime

References

Further reading