| Kalamazoo River | |
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| Origin | North Branch : Near North Adams South Branch: Near Farewell and Pine Hills lakes, Jackson County |
| Mouth | Lake Michigan |
| Length | 267 km (166 mi) |
| Avg. North Adams is a village in Adams Township of Hillsdale County in the U Jackson County is a county in the US state of Michigan. In 2000 its population was 158422 with the 2007 Census Bureau placing the population at 163006 Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. discharge | Marshall [1]: 9. In Hydrology, the discharge or outflow of a River is the volume of Water transported by it in a certain amount of time Marshall is a city located in the US state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area 1 m³/s (320 ft³/s) Battle Creek [2]: 19. 4 m³/s (686 ft³/s) Comstock [2]: 26. Comstock Township is a Charter township of Kalamazoo County in the U 5 m³/s (934 ft³/s) Allegan [3]: 45. Allegan is a city in the US state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 4838 8 m³/s (1,618 ft³/s) New Richmond [4]: 52. Manlius Township is a Civil township of Allegan County in the U 8 m³/s (1,863 ft³/s) |
| Basin area | 5,230 km² (2,020 mi²) |
The Kalamazoo River is a river in the U.S. state of Michigan. "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The river is 166 miles (267 km) long from the headwaters of the southern branch to Lake Michigan. Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. The river's watershed drains an area of approximately 2,020 square miles (5,230 km²) and drains portions of eight counties in southwest Michigan: Allegan, Barry, Eaton, Van Buren, Kalamazoo, Calhoun, Jackson, Hillsdale, Kent and Ottawa. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Allegan County is a county in the US state of Michigan. As of 2000 census, the population was 105665 Barry County is a county in the US state of Michigan. It is part of the Grand Rapids &ndash Wyoming Metropolitan Statistical Eaton County is a county in the US state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the population was 103655 Van Buren County is a county in the US state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the population was 76263 Kalamazoo County is a county in the US state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the population was 238603 Calhoun County is a county in the US state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek Michigan, Metropolitan Statistical Area. Jackson County is a county in the US state of Michigan. In 2000 its population was 158422 with the 2007 Census Bureau placing the population at 163006 Hillsdale County is a county in the US state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the population was 46527 Kent County is a county in the US state of Michigan. It is part of the Grand Rapids &ndash Wyoming Metropolitan Statistical Ottawa County is a county in the US state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the population was 238314 with a projection of 257671 The river has a median flow of 1863 cubic feet per second (52. 8 m³/s) at New Richmond, Michigan, upstream from its mouth at Saugatuck, Michigan. Manlius Township is a Civil township of Allegan County in the U Saugatuck is a city in Allegan County in the US state of Michigan.
The North and South Branches of the Kalamazoo River originate within a few miles of each other. The South Branch begins near North Adams in Moscow Township in northeastern Hillsdale County and flows north and west through Homer before joining the North Branch at the forks of the Kalamazoo in Albion. North Adams is a village in Adams Township of Hillsdale County in the U Moscow Township is a Civil township of Hillsdale County in the U Homer is a village in Calhoun County in the US state of Michigan. Albion is a city in Calhoun County in the south central region of the Lower Peninsula of the U The North Branch begins near Farewell and Pine Hills lakes in southern Jackson County and flows north and west through Concord before reaching Albion in Calhoun County. Concord is a Village in Jackson County in the US state of Michigan. It then flows through Kalamazoo and Allegan counties.
After Albion, the Kalamazoo flows mostly westward through Marshall, Battle Creek, Augusta, Galesburg, Comstock, and Kalamazoo. Marshall is a city located in the US state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area Augusta is a village in Kalamazoo County in the US state of Michigan. Galesburg is a city in Kalamazoo County in the US state of Michigan. Comstock Township is a Charter township of Kalamazoo County in the U From Kalamazoo, the river flows mostly north until just before it reaches Plainwell and then flows northwest through Otsego, Allegan, Saugatuck and then into Lake Michigan. Plainwell is a city in Allegan County in the US state of Michigan. Otsego is a city in Allegan County in the US state of Michigan. Allegan is a city in the US state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 4838 Saugatuck is a city in Allegan County in the US state of Michigan.
Some of the larger tributaries of the Kalamazoo are Rice Creek, Wilder Creek, Wabascon Creek, Battle Creek River, Augusta Creek, Portage Creek, Gun River, Swan Creek, and Rabbit River. The Battle Creek River, is a River in the US state of Michigan. The Rabbit River is a tributary of the Kalamazoo River within Allegan County in the U
History
Archeological evidence indicates humans have used the Kalamazoo River basin continuously for more than 11,000 years. Saugatuck is a city in Allegan County in the US state of Michigan. At the time of European contact, the Kalamazoo River area was inhabited primarily by members of Potawatomi tribes. The Potawatomi (also spelled Pottawatomie and Pottawatomi, among many variations) are a Native American people of the upper Mississippi The Jesuit priest Father Jacques Marquette and his companions were probably the first Europeans to glimpse the mouth of the Kalamazoo in 1675 as they returned from Illinois. Father Jacques Marquette ( June 1, 1637 &ndash May 18, 1675) was a French Missionary who founded Michigan The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. It wasn't until the late 1700s that the area was frequented by fur traders. By the early 1800s, there were several small communities along the river, including Kalamazoo. With the introduction of the railroad in the 1840s, the importance of the river for transportation diminished. Events and trends Technology First use of General anesthesia in an operation by Crawford Long.
By the mid-1800s, several communities had grown up along the River as mill towns and commercial centers: Battle Creek, Kalamazoo, Parchment, Plainwell, and Otsego. After the Civil War and into the 20th century, various industries, from cereal production to pharmaceuticals to automobile parts, flourished. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Several communities became sites for paper production, which used the river for water intake and waste discharge. Deinking practices no longer in use led to PCB contamination of the river. Polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCB s are a class of Organic compounds with 1 to 10 Chlorine atoms attached to Biphenyl which is a molecule composed Sewage effluent, other industrial discharges, and trash also contributed to the pollution of the river. For many years in the 1940s, 50s, and 60s, the river was an "eyesore" and most people did their best to avoid it. The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949 Events and trends The 1940s was a period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s which also leads the period to be Beginning in the 1970s with the federal Clean Water Act, serious efforts were made to clean up the river. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The Clean Water Act is the primary Federal law in the United States governing Water pollution. Although today the river is cleaner, the persistent PCB contamination has led to Superfund designation of a 35-mile section from Kalamazoo to Allegan Dam. Superfund is the common name for the United States environmental policy officially known as the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Many species of fish inhabit the river including smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, catfish, and many types of panfish. The smallmouth bass ( Micropterus dolomieui) is a Species of Freshwater Fish in the sunfish family ( Centrarchidae) The largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides) is a Species of Fish in the sunfish family. Catfish ( order Siluriformes) are a very diverse group of bony Fish. Though populations have increased in recent years due to the cleanup of the river, it is still advised for people to not eat large amounts of fish from the Kalamazoo River, and pregnant women are also advised not to eat any fish from the river due to lingering effects of the pollution in the diets of many fish (particularly bottom feeding fish like catfish which can accumulate high levels of mercury). Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum
Although the word Kalamazoo appears to be Native American in origin, the exact meaning is obscure and various definitions have been suggested. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States See the article on the Etymology of Kalamazoo for a detailed discussion of name origin theories. Kalamazoo is the name of several places in the US state of Michigan: The Kalamazoo River The City of Kalamazoo
External links
- USGS Streamflow Data
- Kalamazoo River Superfund Site
- U.S. EPA Kalamazoo River Project
- Michigan Dept. of Environmental Quality
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Natural Resource Damage Assessment
- Great Lakes Environmental & Molecular Sciences (GLEAMS) Center, focuses on Kalamazoo River & PCBs
References
- ^ Mean of the yearly mean streamflows recorded by the USGS for the period 2002-2006. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government.
- ^ a b Mean of the yearly mean streamflows recorded by the USGS for the period 2000-2006. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government.
- ^ Mean of the yearly mean streamflows recorded by the USGS for the period 2001-2005. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government.
- ^ Mean of the yearly mean streamflows recorded by the USGS for the period 2003-2006. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government.
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