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Kaiserliche Marine Jack 1903–1919.
Kaiserliche Marine Jack 1903–1919.
Kaiserliche Marine War Ensign (Reichskriegsflagge) 1903–1919.
Kaiserliche Marine War Ensign (Reichskriegsflagge) 1903–1919.

The Kaiserliche Marine or Imperial Navy was the German Navy created by the formation of the German Empire. The German Navy ( Deutsche Marine ( is the Navy of Germany and part of the Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification It existed between 1871 and 1919, growing out of the Prussian Navy and Norddeutsche Bundesmarine. Throughout the centuries Prussia ’s military consistently concentrated on its land power, and never sought a similar power at sea The Norddeutsche Bundesmarine (Northern German Federal Navy was the Navy of the North German Confederation, formed out of the Prussian Navy. Kaiser Wilhelm II greatly expanded the Navy, causing a naval arms race between the German Empire and the British Empire. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The navy was largely destroyed at Scapa Flow in 1919 by its own officers after the loss of the land war on the Western Front of World War I. Scapa Flow ( Old Norse: Skalpaflói) is a body of water in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom, sheltered by the islands Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914 the German army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Ships of the Kaiserliche Marine were designated SMS, for Seiner Majestät Schiff (His Majesty's Ship).

Contents

Achievements

The Kaiserliche Marine achieved some important operational feats. It inflicted the first major naval defeat on the Royal Navy in over 100 years at the Battle of Coronel. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The World War I naval Battle of Coronel took place on 1 November 1914 off the coast of central Chile near the city of Coronel [1] It also emerged from the fleet action of the Battle of Jutland having destroyed more ships than it lost. fix various bugs per WikipediaHow to fix bunched-up edit links -->

It was the first navy to successfully operate submarines on a large scale at war (375 submarines had been commissioned by the end), and also operated zeppelins. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers A Zeppelin is a type of Rigid airship pioneered by the German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century based on designs he had outlined It was never able to match the numbers of the Royal Navy, but it did have better shells and propellant for much of World War I, meaning that it never lost a ship to a catastrophic magazine explosion from an above-water attack (the old pre-dreadnought Pommern sank rapidly at Jutland after a magazine explosion caused by underwater attack). World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Pre-dreadnought battleship is the general term for all of the types of sea going Battleships built between the mid-1890s and 1905 Design Dimensions and machinery Pommern was at the waterline and overall fix various bugs per WikipediaHow to fix bunched-up edit links -->

History

1871 to 1890

The imperial admiralty was formed on 1 February 1872, its first chief being General der Infanterie Albrecht von Stosch. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Albrecht von Stosch ( 20 April 1818 - 29 February 1896) was a German General der Infanterie and Admiral who served as first Chief of the newly The Emperor held the supreme command. Kiel at the Baltic Sea and Wilhelmshaven at the North Sea served as primary naval bases. For the city in the United States, see Kiel Wisconsin. For the name see Kiel (name. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Wilhelmshaven (vɪlhɛlmsˈhaːfən is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf.

Initially the main tasks of the new Imperial Navy were coastal protection and the protection of German maritime trade routes. This soon involved the setting up of some overseas supply stations, and in the 1880s the Imperial Navy played a part in helping to secure the establishment of German colonies and protectorates in Africa, Asia and Oceania.

1890 to 1914

German High Seas Fleet, with a member of the Braunschweig class in the lead.
German High Seas Fleet, with a member of the Braunschweig class in the lead. Construction Work began on the lead ship of the class in October 1901 in Kiel, Germany, followed by the Elsaß in Danzig, in the same

With the support of Wilhelm II, in 1897, the new Minister of the navy, Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz began the building of a large modern navy consisting of both battleships and submarines. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks of the highest Naval officers Alfred von Tirpitz (March 19 1849 &ndash March 6 1930 was a German Admiral, Secretary of State of the Imperial Naval Office the powerful administrative branch Several pre-dreadnought battleship classes were built, starting with the four innovative ships of the Brandenburg class in 1890. Pre-dreadnought battleship is the general term for all of the types of sea going Battleships built between the mid-1890s and 1905 Design Dimensions and machinery The ships of the Brandenburg class displaced 10500 tons was 115 Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Five ships of the Kaiser Friedrich III class were built in 1895-1901, followed by the five battleships of the Wittelsbach class, built in 1899-1904. Design Dimensions and machinery The ships of the Kaiser Friedrich III class were 396 ft 9 in (121 m at the waterline and 411 ft (125 m overall Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Design Dimensions and machinery The ships of the Wittlesbach class were 410 ft 9 in (125 m at the waterline and 416 ft (127 m overall Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Five ships of the Braunschweig class were built between 1901 and 1906, and were followed by the last pre-Dreadnought class, the Deutschland class, in 1903 and 1908. Construction Work began on the lead ship of the class in October 1901 in Kiel, Germany, followed by the Elsaß in Danzig, in the same Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Construction Representing the final flowering of Germany’s pre-dreadnought battleships the Deutschland class were laid down between July 1903 and November 1904 at dockyards Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year

Following the completion of the HMS Dreadnought in 1906, the Kaiserliche Marine began a building program to compete with the new British design, starting with the four Nassau class battleships in 1907. Genesis Battleships of the era typically carried four large guns mounted fore and aft in twin turrets with a number of smaller-calibre guns ranged along the sides of the Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Design Dimensions and machinery The ships were long wide and had a draught of. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Four ships of the Helgoland class were laid down in 1909-1910, followed by five ships of the Kaiser class in 1911. Design Laid down in 1909-10 the Helgoland class was the second type of German Dreadnoughts as a response to the introduction of the 'all-big-gun' British. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Ships in class ''Kaiser'': The nameship of the class the Kaiser was the first German battleship powered by steam turbine engines and served through Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The König class was also built in 1911, and the last class of battleships, the Bayern class, was laid down on the eve of World War I, in 1913. The four German König class battleships were built on the eve of World War I and were the most powerful Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Design The class had a displacement of 32000 tons and mounted eight guns in four twin turrets Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

By the start of World War I, the Kaiserliche Marine possessed 22 pre-Dreadnoughts (Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm and Weißenburg, of the Brandenburg class, had been sold to the Ottoman Empire in 1910), 19 dreadnought battleships, and 7 battlecruisers. Design Dimensions and machinery Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm displaced 10500 tons was 116 m long and 19 Design Dimensions and machinery Weißenburg displaced 10500 tons was 116 m long and 19 The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Admiral von Tirpitz later became the commander of the Navy. The main fighting forces of the navy were to become the High Seas Fleet, and the U-boat fleet. The list of naval ships of Germany includes all Naval ships which have been in service of the German Navy or its predecessors The High Seas Fleet (Hochseeflotte was the main battle fleet of the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy during World War I. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers Other fleets included the German East Asia Squadron based at Jiaozhou Bay. The German East Asia Squadron was a German Kaiserliche Marine (naval Cruiser Squadron which operated mainly in the Pacific Ocean The Jiaozhou Bay ( was a German colonial concession which existed from 1898 to 1914

World War I

SMS Großer Kurfürst with Zeppelin overhead in 1917.
SMS Großer Kurfürst with Zeppelin overhead in 1917. Construction SMS Großer Kurfürst was built by AG Vulcan Stettin at its shipyard in Hamburg.

Notable battles fought by the Navy were:

Notable minor battles:

Minor engagements included the commerce raiding carried out by the SMS Emden, SMS Königsberg, and the sailing ship and commerce raider SMS Seeadler. The First Battle of Heligoland Bight was the first Naval battle of the First World War, fought on 28 August 1914 after the British planned to attack Leberecht Maass (or Maaß) ( 24 November 1863 &ndash 28 August 1914) was the Rear admiral who commanded the German naval The World War I naval Battle of Coronel took place on 1 November 1914 off the coast of central Chile near the city of Coronel Maximilian Graf (Count von Spee ( 22 June 1861 - 8 December 1914) was a German Admiral, born in Copenhagen The Battle of the Falkland Islands was a British naval victory over the Imperial German Navy on 8 December 1914 during the First World War Maximilian Graf (Count von Spee ( 22 June 1861 - 8 December 1914) was a German Admiral, born in Copenhagen The Battle of Dogger Bank was a naval battle fought near the Dogger Bank in the North Sea on 24 January 1915, during the First World War Franz Ritter von Hipper ( September 13, 1863 - May 25, 1932) was a German admiral during the First World War The Battle of the Gulf of Riga was a World War I naval operation of the German High Seas Fleet against the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Gulf of fix various bugs per WikipediaHow to fix bunched-up edit links --> Reinhard Scheer ( September 30, 1863 &ndash November 26, 1928) was an Admiral in the German Imperial Navy Franz Ritter von Hipper ( September 13, 1863 - May 25, 1932) was a German admiral during the First World War The First Battle of the Atlantic ( 1914 &ndash 1918) was a naval campaign of World War I, largely fought in the seas around the British The Russian raid on Gotland, which took place on July 2 1915, was a Naval battle of World War I between the German Empire (of the The Battle of Moon Sound was a Naval battle in World War I, fought in the autumn of 1917 between German and Russian forces (and three British The Battle of Dover Strait was a Naval battle of World War I, fought in the Dover Strait on the night of 20 April 1917, which The naval Battle of Cocos took place on 9 November 1914 during World War I off the Cocos (Keeling Islands, in the north east Indian Ocean The Raid on Scarborough Hartlepool and Whitby, which took place on December 16, 1914, was an attack by the German Navy on the British seaport The pursuit of Goeben and Breslau was a naval action that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea at the outbreak of the First World War when The Bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft was a naval battle fought during World War I between the German Empire and the British Empire in the North Commerce raiding is to destroy the logistics (supplies of an enemy on the open sea rather than engaging the combatants themselves or enforcing a Blockade against them Early service The Emden was launched on 26 May 1908 and commissioned into the Kaiserliche Marine, Germany's Imperial Navy on Before World War I Commissioned in 1906 Königsberg was then one of the German navy's most modern ships

The Imperial Navy carried out land operations, eg operating the long-range Paris Gun which was based on a naval gun. The Paris Gun (Paris-Geschütz was the name of an Artillery piece with which the Germans bombarded Paris during World War I. The Siege of Tsingtao used naval troops as Tsingtao was a naval base, and also as the Imperial Navy was directly under the Imperial Government (the German Army was made up of regiments from the various states). The Siege of Tsingtao was the attack on the German-controlled port of Tsingtao (now Qingdao) in China during World War I by Imperial Japan and the The German Army ( Deutsches Heer) was the name given the combined armed forces of the German Empire, also known as the Imperial Army ( Reichsheer) or

Post War

After the end of World War I, the bulk of the Navy's modern ships (74 in all) were interned at Scapa Flow where the entire fleet (with a few exceptions) was scuttled by its crews on 21 June 1919 on orders from its commander, Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter. Scapa Flow ( Old Norse: Skalpaflói) is a body of water in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom, sheltered by the islands Ludwig von Reuter ( 9 February 1869 - 18 December 1943) was a German Admiral during World War I, who commanded

Notes and references

  1. ^ The German squadron of ships was subsequently defeated at the Battle of the Falkland Islands, only one ship escaping destruction

See also

External links


The Battle of the Falkland Islands was a British naval victory over the Imperial German Navy on 8 December 1914 during the First World War The list of naval ships of Germany includes all Naval ships which have been in service of the German Navy or its predecessors The list of German Imperial Navy ships includes all Ships commissioned into service with the Imperial Navy ( Kaiserliche Marine) of Germany, covering Naval warfare in World War I was mainly characterized by the efforts of the Allied Powers, with their larger fleets and surrounding position to blockade the The Reichsmarine was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic and first two years of Nazi Germany. The Kriegsmarine (English "War navy" was the name of the German Navy between 1935 and 1945 during the Nazi regime superseding the
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