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For other uses, see Kaiser (disambiguation).

Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of It is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the name of Julius Caesar. Caesar (plural Caesars Latin: Caesar (plural Caesares is a Title of imperial character

In English "the Kaiser" is usually reserved for the Emperors of the German Empire, the emperors of the Austrian Empire and those of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. Although the British monarchs styled "Emperor of India" were also called "Kaisar i Hind" in Hindi and Urdu, this word, although ultimately sharing the same Latin origin, is derived from the Greek Kaisar not the German Kaiser. Emperor/Empress of India ( Badishah -e-Hind in Hindustani) was used as a Title by the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly [1]

German history and antecedents of the title

The Roman imperial style was revived in the Frankish realm by Karl the Great or Charlemagne in 800. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his When his empire was divided the title of Emperor went to the ruler holding the kingdom of Rome. Through inheritances this kingdom became part of the eastern ("German") kingdom. The Holy Roman Emperors (962–1806) called themselves Kaiser, combining the imperial title with that of Roman King (assumed by the designated heir before the imperial coronation); they saw their rule as a continuation of that of the Roman Emperors and used the title derived from "Caesar" to reflect their supposed heritage. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Events By Place Europe February 2 — Pope John XII crowns Otto I the Great Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Caesar (plural Caesars Latin: Caesar (plural Caesares is a Title of imperial character

The rulers of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1804–1918) were born in the Habsburg dynasty, which had provided most of Holy Roman Emperors since 1440. Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states The Austrian-Hungarian rulers adopted the title Kaiser.

In English the (untranslated) word "Kaiser" is mainly associated with the emperors of the unified German Empire (1871–1918), in particular with Kaiser Wilhelm II, and with the emperors of Austria-Hungary, in particular with Kaiser Franz Joseph I. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Franz Joseph I Karl (- German, in English Francis Joseph I Charles, see the name in other languages) (18 August 1830 &ndash 21 November

In 1871, there was much debate about the exact title for the monarch of those German territories (i. e. free imperial cities, principalities, duchies, and kingdoms) that agreed to unify under the leadership of Prussia, thereby forming the German Empire. Deutscher Kaiser ("German Emperor") was chosen over alternatives such as Kaiser von Deutschland ("Emperor of Germany"), or Kaiser der Deutschen ("Emperor of the Germans"), as the selected title simply connoted that the new emperor, harkening from Prussia, was a German, but did not imply that this new emperor had dominion over all German territories. Indeed, the second most powerful, perhaps most influential, German entity, Austria, was not part of the newly created German Empire. Consequently, after more than 30 years of discussion and debate, the German Empire was created based upon the Kleindeutsche Lösung ("Lesser German Solution") as opposed to the Großdeutsche Lösung ("Greater German Solution") (Großdeutschland) (Greater Germany). The Kleindeutsche Lösung ("Lesser German Solution" was a 19th century political idea postulating the idea of a unified Germany consisting of the members Additionally, the King of Bavaria, among others, conditioned joining the new Empire, under Prussian leadership, on the imperial title expressing the least degree of superiority over the rulers of the other territories, pariticularly his Kingdom of Bavaria. There have only been three Kaisers of the (second) German Empire. All of them belonged to the Hohenzollern dynasty, which, as kings Prussia, had been de facto leaders of greater Germany, together with the Kaisers of Austria. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state There have also only been three Kaisers of the Austrian Empire, the successor empire to the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (Heilige Römische Reich Deutscher Nation), and they have all belonged to the Habsburg dynasty. The successor empire to the Austrian Empire was termed the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which had only two Kaisers, both again from the Habsburg dynasty.

The Kaisers of the Austrian Empire (1804-1867) and of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867-1918) were:

The Kaisers of the German Empire (1871-1918) were:

Footnotes

  1. ^ See M. Witzel, "Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts", p. 29, 12. 1 [1] (as Urdu kaisar).

See also

The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification This article lists the German monarchs, ruling over the territory of Germany from the creation of a separate Eastern Frankish Kingdom in 843 until the end of monarchy Qaisar ( Arabic: ﻗﻳﺻﺮ) is the Arabic version of the name Caesar and it is used as a Given name in the Middle East.

Dictionary

kaiser

-noun

  1. An emperor of a German-speaking country, particularly the Holy Roman Empire (962-1806), the Austrian Empire (1806-1918), and the German Empire (1871-1918).
  2. a person who exercises or tries to exercise absolute authority; autocrat.
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