ಬನವಾಸಿ ಕದಂಬರು Kadambas of Banavasi Empire (Subordinate to Pallava until 345) ← 345 – 525 →      Extent of Kadamba Empire, 500 CE Capital Banavasi Language(s) Sanskrit, Kannada Religion Hindu Government Monarchy King  - 345 - 365 Mayurasharma Krishna Varma II History  - Earliest Kadamba records 450  - Established 345  - Disestablished 525

The Kadamba Dynasty (Kannada:ಕದಂಬರು) (345 - 525 CE) was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present day Uttara Kannada district. Origins See also Origin of Pallava The exact origin of the Pallavas is shrouded in mystery Origins See also Origin of Pallava The exact origin of the Pallavas is shrouded in mystery The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or Mayurasharma (ಮಯೂರಶರ್ಮ (or Mayurasharman Mayuravarma (345 - 365 C For the area code see Area code 450. Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire August 25 — Marcian is proclaimed Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District Uttara Kannada ( Kannada ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ) is a district in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires, the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires for over five hundred years during which time they branched into Goa and Hanagal. Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central The Rashtrakuta Dynasty ( Sanskrit: राष्ट्रकूट rāṣṭrakūṭa, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ was a royal Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Hangal is a town in Haveri district in the Indian state of Karnataka. At the peak of their power under King Kakushtavarma, they ruled large parts of Karnataka. During the pre-Kadamba era the ruling families that controlled Karnataka, the Mauryas, Satavahanas and Chutus were not natives of the region and the nucleus of power resided outside present day Karnataka. The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( The Kadambas were the first indigenous dynasty to use Kannada, the language of the soil at an administrative level. In the history of Karnataka, this era serves as a broad based historical starting point in the study of the development of region as an enduring geo-political entity and Kannada as an important regional language.

The dynasty was founded by Mayurasharma in 345 which at times showed the potential of developing into imperial proportions, an indication to which is provided by the titles and epitets assumed by its rulers. Mayurasharma (ಮಯೂರಶರ್ಮ (or Mayurasharman Mayuravarma (345 - 365 C One of his successors, Kakusthavarma was a powerful ruler and even the kings of imperial Gupta Dynasty of northern India cultivated marital relationships with his family, giving a fair indication of the sovereign nature of their kingdom. Kakusthavarma (435-455 was a ruler of the Kadamba Dynasty of Banavasi in Southern India during the 4th century The Gupta Empire ( Hindi: गुप्त राजवंश was ruled by members of the Gupta dynasty from around 320 to 550 C Tiring of the endless battles and bloodshed, one of the later descendants, King Shivakoti adopted Jainism. The Kadambas were contemporaries of the Western Ganga Dynasty of Talakad and together they formed the earliest native kingdoms to rule the land with absolute autonomy. The Western Ganga Dynasty (350 – 1000 CE ( Kannada:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗಂಗ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ was an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka Talakad (also known as Talakadu) ( Kannada:ತಲಕಾಡು is a town on the left bank of the Kaveri river at a spot where the river makes a sharp

History

The Halmidi inscription at Halmidi village dated 450 CE. Events St Thomas visits Malayalam and assists the church there Events Dionysius Exiguus proposes a calendar based on the birth of Jesus Christ WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District Mayurasharma (ಮಯೂರಶರ್ಮ (or Mayurasharman Mayuravarma (345 - 365 C Events St Thomas visits Malayalam and assists the church there Events By place Roman Empire July 21 — An earthquake and Tsunami devastates Crete, Alexandria Events By place Roman Empire July 21 — An earthquake and Tsunami devastates Crete, Alexandria Events By Place Roman Empire In response to the murder of his general Butheric Theodosius I orders a massacre of the inhabitants of Events By Place Roman Empire In response to the murder of his general Butheric Theodosius I orders a massacre of the inhabitants of For the area code see Area code 415 Events By Place Europe The Visigoths For the area code see Area code 415 Events By Place Europe The Visigoths For the article on the Movie camera, see Arriflex 435. Events By Place Western Roman Empire August 3 - For the article on the Movie camera, see Arriflex 435. Events By Place Western Roman Empire August 3 - Events By Place Western Roman Empire March 16 — Valentinian III is murdered by former soldiers of Aëtius, in revenge Events By Place Western Roman Empire March 16 — Valentinian III is murdered by former soldiers of Aëtius, in revenge Events By Place Western Roman Empire Emperor Majorian is defeated by the Visigoths. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Emperor Majorian is defeated by the Visigoths. Events By Place Europe Odoacer defeats an attempt by Julius Nepos to recapture Italy, and has Julius killed Events By Place Europe Odoacer defeats an attempt by Julius Nepos to recapture Italy, and has Julius killed Events By Place Europe Aelle of Sussex fights the "Welsh" at the stream of Mearcread Events By Place Europe Aelle of Sussex fights the "Welsh" at the stream of Mearcread Events By Place Europe Cerdic becomes king of Wessex. The Synagogues of Ravenna are Events By Place Europe Cerdic becomes king of Wessex. The Synagogues of Ravenna are Events Dionysius Exiguus proposes a calendar based on the birth of Jesus Christ Events By Place Western Roman Empire March 16 — Valentinian III is murdered by former soldiers of Aëtius, in revenge Pulakesi I (543&ndash566 CE established the Chalukya dynasty in then western Deccan and his descendants ruled over an empire that comprised the entire state of The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central Events By Topic Religion The doctrine of Apocatastasis is condemned by the Synod of Constantinople Events Births Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad Emperor Gaozu of Tang The Halmidi inscription is the oldest known Kannada language inscription in the Kannada script, dating to the 5th or 6th century A Halmidi (ಹಲ್ಮಿಡಿ is a small village in the Hassan district of Karnataka state India, near the temple town of Belur. (Kadamba Dynasty)

There is no shortage of myths about the origin of the Kadambas. According to one account the dynasty was founded by one Trilochana Kadamba also known from the Halsi and Degamve records as Jayanta who had three eyes and four arms. ^[1] He was born out of the sweat of Shiva, which had fallen under a Kadamba tree and hence his name Kadamba. According to another myth, Mayurasharma himself was born to Lord Shiva and mother earth and had three eyes. Mayurasharma (ಮಯೂರಶರ್ಮ (or Mayurasharman Mayuravarma (345 - 365 C Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva ^[2] According to Grama Paddhati, a Kannada work dealing with the history of the Tulu Brahmanas, Mayurasharma was born to Lord Shiva and goddess Parvathi under a Kadamba tree in the Sahyadri mountains and hence the name Kadamba. Parvati ( Sanskrit: Pārvatī sa [[wiktपार्वती पार्वती]] sometimes spelled Parvathi or Parvathy, is a Hindu The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്‍വ്വതം An inscription of the Nagarakhanda Kadambas, a later descendent dynasty, gives a legendary account and traces their lineage back to the Nandas. The Nanda dynasty ruled Magadha during the 5th and 4th centuries BC. According to the inscription, King Nanda who had no heir prayed to Lord Shiva in the Kailash mountains when a heavenly voice advised him that two sons would be born to him, would bear the name of Kadamba Kula (family) and they should be instructed in the use of weapons. ^[3]

There are two theories to the origin of the Kadamba dynasty, a native Kannadiga origin and the other a north Indian origin. Mention of the north Indian origin of the Kadambas are only found in their later records of their offshoot descendent dynasty and is considered legendary. The earliest record making this claim is the 1053 and 1055 inscriptions of Harikesari Deva which are copied in inscriptions thereafter, describing Mayurasharma as the progenitor of the kingdom who established his might on the summit of Mount Himavat. But this theory has not found popularity as there is no indication of this account in any of there early records. ^[4] On the contrary, the family derives its name from the Kadamba tree that is common only to the South India region. ^[5]

Historians are divided on the issue of the caste of the Kadamba family, whether the founders of the kingdom belonged to the Brahmin caste as claimed by the Talagunda inscription, or were of tribal origin. Castes are Hereditary systems of occupation, Endogamy, social culture, Social class, and Political power. Brahmin ( Brāhmaṇa, sa ब्राह्मणः is the class of educators scholars and preachers in Brahminical Hinduism. Talagunda is a village in the Shikaripura Taluk of Shimoga district in the state of Karnataka, India. A claim has been made that the Kadambas were none other than a tribe called the Kadambu, who were in conflict with the Chera kingdom (of modern Tamil Nadu - Kerala region). Chera may refer to Chera Valencia, Spain Chera Dynasty, ancient Tamil dynasty in southern India Chera (clan The Kadambus' find mention in the Tamil Sangam literature as totemic worshippers of the Kadambu tree and the Hindu god Subramanya, a popular deity in South India. Tamil literature refers to the Literature in the Tamil language. Sangam literature refers to a body of classical Tamil literature created between the years 300 BCE and 600 CE ^[6] While some historians have argued that they being of Brahmin descent made Mayurasharma's ancestors natives of northern India, the counter argument is that it was common for dravidian peoples to be received into the Brahmanic caste during early and later medieval times. Brahmin ( Brāhmaṇa, sa ब्राह्मणः is the class of educators scholars and preachers in Brahminical Hinduism. Being native Kannadigas, the Kadambas promptly gave administrative and political importance to their language, Kannada, after coming to power. ^[7] Its is thus claimed that the family of the Kadambas were undoubtedly of Kanarese descent and may have been admitted into the Brahminical caste. Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state ^[8][9] The Naga descent of the Kadambas has been stated in early inscriptions of King Krishna Varma I too, which confirms the family was from present day Karnataka. ^[10]

Inscriptions in Sanskrit and Kannada are the main sources of the Kadamba history. The Talagunda, Gundanur, Chandravalli, Halasi and Halmidi inscription are some of the important inscriptions that throw light on this ancient ruling family of Karnataka. Chandravalli is an Archaeological site located in the Chitradurga district of the state of Karnataka, India. The Halmidi inscription is the oldest known Kannada language inscription in the Kannada script, dating to the 5th or 6th century A ^[11] They belonged to the Manavya Gotra and were Haritiputras (lineage), which connects them to the native Chutus of Banavasi, a feudatory of the Satavahana empire. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( ^[12] Inscriptions of the Kadambas in Kannada and Sanskrit ascribed to the main dynasty and branch kingdoms have been published by historians. ^[13][14] The Kadambas minted coins with Nagari, Kannada and Grantha legends which provide additional numismatic evidence of their history. ^[15][16]

Kadambas were the first rulers to use Kannada as an additional official administrative language, as evidenced by the Halmidi inscription of 450. Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state The Halmidi inscription is the oldest known Kannada language inscription in the Kannada script, dating to the 5th or 6th century A ^[17][18][19] Three Kannada inscriptions from their early rule from Banavasi have been discovered. ^[20] Several early Kadamba dynasty coins bearing the Kannada inscription Vira and Skandha was found in Satara collectorate. ^[21] A gold coin of King Bhagiratha (390-415 CE) bearing the old Kannada legend Sri and Bhagi also exists. ^[22] Recent discovery of 5th century Kadamba copper coin in Banavasi with Kannada script inscription Srimanaragi on it proves the usage of Kannada at the administrative level further. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District The Kannada script is a Syllabary (of the type sometimes called an Abugida) of the Brahmic family, primarily to write the Kannada language ^[23]

One of their earliest inscriptions, the Talagunda inscription of Santivarma (450) gives what may be the most possible cause for the emergence of the Kadamba kingdom. It states that Mayurasharma was a native of Talagunda, (in present day Shimoga district) and his family got its name from the Kadamba tree that grew near his home. Shivamogga District ( Kannada: ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗ is a district in the Karnataka state of India. ^[24][25][26] The inscription narrates how Mayurasharma proceeded to Kanchi in 345 along with his guru and grandfather Veerasarma to prosecute his Vedic studies at a Ghatika (school). Mayurasharma (ಮಯೂರಶರ್ಮ (or Mayurasharman Mayuravarma (345 - 365 C Kanchipuram, Kanchi, or Kancheepuram is a city and a Municipality in Kanchipuram district in the Indian state of A guru (गुरु গুরু is a person who is regarded as having great knowledge wisdom and authority in a certain area and uses it to guide others "Veda" redirects here For other uses see Veda (disambiguation. There, owing to some misunderstanding between him and a Pallava guard or at a Ashvasanstha (a place of horse sacrifice), a quarrel arose in which Mayurasharma was humiliated. Origins See also Origin of Pallava The exact origin of the Pallavas is shrouded in mystery In high rage, the Brahmana discontinued his studies, left Kanchi, swearing vengeance on the impudent Pallavas and took to arms. The Brāhmaṇa s ( Devanagari: sa ब्राह्मणं are part of the Hindu śruti literature He collected a faithful group of followers and routed Pallava armies near Srisilam region. After a prolonged period of low intensity warfare against the Pallavas and other smaller kings such as the Brihad-Banas of Kolar region he proclaimed independence. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kolara ( Kannada:ಕೋಲಾರ is a city in South Indian state of Karnataka Unable to contain him, the Pallavas had to accept his soverignty. ^[27][28] Thus in an act of righteous indignation was born the first native kingdom of Karnataka, the Pallava King Skandavarman condescending to recognise the growing might of the Kadambas south of the Malaprabha river as a sovereign power. The Malaprabha River ( Kannada ಮಲಪ್ರಭ ನದಿ)is a tributary river of the Krishna River and flows through the state of Karnataka in India ^[29] The fact that Mayurasharma had to travel to distant Kanchi for Vedic studies gives an indication that Vedic lore was quite rudimentary in the region at that time. Kanchipuram, Kanchi, or Kancheepuram is a city and a Municipality in Kanchipuram district in the Indian state of The recently discovered Gudnapur inscription states that Mauryasharma's grandfather and preceptor was Virasarma and his father Bandhushena developed the character of a Kshatriya. ^[30]

Mayurasharma's successor was his son Kangavarma in 365 who had to fight the Vakataka might to protect Kuntala. The Vakataka (Vākāţaka was an Indian dynasty which ruled parts of today's Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh from the third century to fifth century He was defeated by Vakataka Prithvisena but managed to maintain his freedom. ^[31] His son Bhagiratha is said to have retrieved his fathers losses but Vakataka inscriptions do not attest to this. ^[32] His son Raghu died fighting the Pallavas. Origins See also Origin of Pallava The exact origin of the Pallavas is shrouded in mystery He was succeeded by his brother Kakusthavarma who was the most ferocious and powerful ruler of the kingdom. ^[33] He maintained marital relations with even the imperial Guptas of the north, according to the Talagunda inscription. One of his daughters was married to Kumara Gupta's son Skanda Gupta. His other daughter was married to a Vakataka king Narendrasena. ^[34] He maintained similar relations with the Bhatari, the Alupas of South Canara and the Western Ganga Dynasty of Gangavadi according to the Talagunda inscription. Origin The origin of Alupas prior to the Kadambas is unclear as there are no epigraphical evidences The Western Ganga Dynasty (350 – 1000 CE ( Kannada:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗಂಗ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ was an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka The great poet Kalidasa had visited his court. "Kalidasa" redirects here For the true bug Genus, see Kalidasa (insect. ^[35]

After Kakusthavarma only Ravivarma who came to the throne in 485 was able to build upon the kingdom. His rule was marked by a series of clashes within the family, and also against the Pallavas and the Gangas. Origins See also Origin of Pallava The exact origin of the Pallavas is shrouded in mystery The Western Ganga Dynasty (350 – 1000 CE ( Kannada:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗಂಗ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ was an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka He is also credited with a victory against the Vakatakas, which extended his Kingdom as far north as the river Narmada. The Vakataka (Vākāţaka was an Indian dynasty which ruled parts of today's Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh from the third century to fifth century The Narmada नर्मदा Gujarati નર્મદા or Nerbudda (Narbada is a river in central India and the fifth largest river in the Indian subcontinent The crux of their kingdom essentially consisted of most of Karnataka, Goa and southern areas of present day Maharashtra. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. After his death, the kingdom went into decline due to family feuds. The Birur plates of Kadamba Vishnuvarman call Shantivarman "The master of the entire Karnataka region". The Triparvatha branch that broke away in 455 ruled from Murod in Belgaum for some time and merged with the main Banavasi kingdom during rule of Harivarma. Belgaum ( WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District Finally the kingdom fell to the prowess of the Badami Chalukyas. The Kadambas thereafter became feudatories of the Badami Chalukyas and later the Rashtrakutas and Kalyani Chalukyas. The successors of Mayurasharma took to the name "varma" to indicate their Kshatriya status.

Administration

Part of a series on the
History of Karnataka
Origin of Karnataka's name
Kadambas and Gangas
Chalukya dynasty
Rashtrakuta Dynasty
Western Chalukya Empire
Southern Kalachuri
Hoysala Empire
Vijayanagara Empire
Bahmani Sultanate
Bijapur Sultanate
Political history of medieval Karnataka
Kingdom of Mysore
Unification of Karnataka
Societies    Economies
Architectures    Forts
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The Kadamba kings called themselves Dharmamaharajas like the Satavahana kings. The recorded history of Karnataka goes back more than two millennia Karnataka is an Indian state Several etymologies have been suggested for the name Karnataka The Western Ganga Dynasty (350 – 1000 CE ( Kannada:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗಂಗ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ was an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central The Rashtrakuta Dynasty ( Sanskrit: राष्ट्रकूट rāṣṭrakūṭa, Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ was a royal The Western Chalukya Empire ( Kannada: ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South Origin of Kalachuris Natives of Central India Historians such as Dr The Hoysala Empire ( Kannada: ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ( pronunciation: in Kannada was a prominent South Indian Kannadiga The Vijayanagara Empire ( Kannada: ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ Telugu: విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము was a South The Bahmani Sultanate (Also called the Bahmanid Empire was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms The Adil Shahi or Adilshahi dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur in the Western area of the Deccan region of Southern India from 1490 The political history of medieval Karnataka spans the 4th to the 16th centuries when the empires that evolved in the Karnataka region of India made a The Kingdom of Mysore/State of Mysore (ಮೈಸೂರು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ was both a Kingdom (1399-1799 CE and a Princely state (1799-1947 The Unification of Karnataka refers to the formation of the Indian state of Karnataka, then called as Mysore State, in 1956 when several The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( Dr. Mores has identified various cabinet and other positions in the kingdom from inscriptions. The prime minister (Pradhana), Steward (Manevergade), secretary of council (Tantrapala or Sabhakarya Sachiva), scholarly elders (Vidyavriddhas), physician (Deshamatya), private secretary (Rahasyadhikritha), chief secretary (Sarvakaryakarta), chief justice (Dharmadhyaksha) and other officials (Bhojaka and Ayukta). The army consisted of officers like Jagadala, Dandanayaka and Senapathi.

A crown prince from the royal family helped the king in administration. Princeses of the royal family were appointed as governors of various provinces. King Kakusthavarma had appointed his son Krishna as viceroy of Thriparvataha region. This later proved detrimental to the kingdom as it gave opportunity for break away factions in the kingdom.
The kingdom was divided into Mandalas (provinces) or Desha. Under a Mandala was Vishayas (districts). A total of nine Vishaya have been identified. ^[36] Under a Vishaya were Mahagramas (Taluk) and Dashagramas (Hobli). Mahagrama had more villages than Dashagramas. One sixth of land produce was collected as tax. Taxes were collected as Perjunka (levy on load), Vaddaravula (social security tax for royal family), Bilkoda (salex tax), Kirukula (land tax), Pannaya (betel tax) and other professional taxes on traders etc.

Culture

Religion

The Kadambas were followers of Vedic Hinduism. The founder, Mayurasharma was a Brahmin by birth but later his successors changed their surname to Varma to indicate their Kshatriya status. Mayurasharma (ಮಯೂರಶರ್ಮ (or Mayurasharman Mayuravarma (345 - 365 C Brahmin ( Brāhmaṇa, sa ब्राह्मणः is the class of educators scholars and preachers in Brahminical Hinduism. Kshatriya (क्षत्रिय kṣatriya from क्षत्र kṣatra) is one of the four varnas (social orders in Hinduism Some Kadamba kings like Krishna Varman performed the horse sacrifice (Ashwamedha). Their Talagunda inscription starts with an invocation of Lord Shiva while the Halmidi and Banavasi inscriptions start with an invocation of Lord Vishnu. They built the Madhukesvara temple which is considered their family deity. Many records like the Kudalur, Sirsi records speak of grants made by them to scholarly Brahmins. Grants were also made to Buddhist viharas.

The Kadambas also patronised Jainism and built numerous Jain temples that are scattered around Banavasi, Belgaum, Mangalore and Goa. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District Belgaum ( Mangalore ( Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್ Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. Kings and Queens of the dynasty were renowned for their support of literature, arts and liberal grants to temples and educational institutions. Several descendants are scattered around present day Goa, Belgaum, Mangalore and Bangalore. Belgaum ( Mangalore ( Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್ Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Adikavi Pampa highly spoke of this kingdom in his writings. Pampa (ಪಂಪ born 902 CE also known as Adikavi Pampa (ಆದಿಕವಿ ಪಂಪ is one of the greatest Kannada poets of all time Following are his famous quotes on Banavasi: Aaramkushamittodam nenevudenna manam banavasi deshamam (I shall cherish the sweet memories of Banavasi even when tortured), Maridumbiyagi mEN Kogileyagi puttuvudu nandanadol Banavasi deshadol (As a bee or as nightingale should one born here in this beautiful country of Banavasi). WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District ^[37]

Architecture

Kadamba shikara (tower) with Kalasa (pinnacle) on top, Doddagaddavalli

The contribution of the Kadambas to the architectural heritage of Karnataka is certainly worthy of recognition. ^[38] The Kadamba style can be identified and that it has a few things in common with the Chalukyan and the Pallava styles. The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central Origins See also Origin of Pallava The exact origin of the Pallavas is shrouded in mystery They also drew from the architectural tradition of the Satavahanas. The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( The most prominent feature of their architecture, basic as it was is their Shikara called Kadamba Shikara. The Shikara is pyramid shaped and rises in steps without any decoration with a Stupika or Kalasha at the top. This style of Shikara are used several centuries later in the Doddagaddavalli Hoysala temple and the Mahakuta temples in Hampi. The Hoysala Empire ( Kannada: ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ( pronunciation: in Kannada was a prominent South Indian Kannadiga Hampi ( Kannada: ಹಂಪೆ is a village in northern Karnataka state India. Some of their temples also use perforated screen windows. It has also been pointed out that in architecture and sculpture, the Kadambas contributed to the foundation of the later Chalukya-Hoysala style. ^[39]
The Madhukeshwara (Lord Shiva) temple built by them still exists in Banavasi. Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Banavasi (ಬನವಾಸಿ is an ancient temple town on the border of Uttara Kannada District Built in 10th century and renovated many times, the temple is a very good piece of art. The stone cot with wonderful carvings is one of the main tourist attractions in the temple.

Impact

Kadambotsava ("The festival of Kadamba") a festival is celebrated every year by Government of Karnataka in honor of this kingdom. ^[40] A popular Kannada film of yester years Mayura starring Dr. Raj Kumar celebrates the creation of the first Kannada kingdom.
On May 31, 2005 Defence minister Pranab Mukherjee commissioned India's most advanced and first dedicated military naval base named INS Kadamba after the Kadamba dynasty, in Karwar. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Karwar ( Kannada: '''ಕಾರವಾರ''' Konkani / Marathi - कर्वार ^[41]

Notes

References

• George M. Moraes (1931), The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 1990 ISBN 81-206-0595-0
• Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2, (1988) Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 81-260-1194-7
• Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath, A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprint 2002) LCCN 809-5179, OCLC 7796041
• K. V. Ramesh, Chalukyas of Vatapi, 1984, Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi ISBN 3987-10333
• Chopra P. N. , Ravindran T. K. , Subrahmanian N. (2003), History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern), Part 1, Chand publications, New Delhi ISBN 81-219-0153-7
• Rice, B. L. [1897] (2001). Mysore Gazatteer Compiled for Government-vol 1. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-0977-8.  
• Kadambas of Banavasi, Dr. Jyotsna Kamat. © 1996-2006 Kamat's Potpourri. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
• History of Karnataka - Kadambas of Banavasi, Arthikaje. © 1998-00 OurKarnataka. Com, Inc. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
• Indian Inscriptions. Archeological Survey Of India. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
• 5th century copper coin discovered at Banavasi. Deccan Herald, Tuesday, February 7, 2006. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
• Halmidi village finally on the road to recognition. The Hindu, Monday, November 3, 2003. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
• India Opens Major Naval Base at Karwar. Defence Industry Daily. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
• Indian Coins, Dynasties of South India, Govindayara Prabhu. G. S Prabhu, 1 November 2001. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St