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"KH-12" is an unofficial designation of the successor to the KH-11. A system with the official designation KH-12 does not exist because the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) decided to refer to satellites by a random numbering scheme after repeated public references to KH-8, KH-9, and KH-11 satellites. The National Reconnaissance Office ( NRO) located in Chantilly [1] It is also known as the "Advanced KENNENAN" or by the codenames Ikon and Improved Crystal. It is a successor to the KH-11 reconnaissance satellite and also used digital imaging. The KH-11, also referenced by the codenames 1010, Crystal and Kennan, also commonly known as " Key Hole " was a type of Reconnaissance A spy satellite (officially referred to as a reconnaissance satellite) is an Earth observation satellite or Communications satellite deployed for Digital imaging or digital image acquisition is the creation of Digital images typically from a physical object It is believed that the KH-12 improved upon the previous design by including signals intelligence capabilities and sensitivity in broader light spectrums (probably into infrared). The electromagnetic (EM spectrum is the range of all possible Electromagnetic radiation frequencies Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of Data is transmitted through a relay network of communications satellites. A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial Satellite stationed in space for the purposes of Telecommunications. The satellite, with a mass of 19,600 kilograms, has been manufactured by Lockheed. Mass is a fundamental concept in Physics, roughly corresponding to the Intuitive idea of how much Matter there is in an object The Lockheed Corporation (originally Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company was an American aerospace company founded in 1912 which merged with Martin Marietta Ground resolution is probably 0. 15 meters (6 inches) or better. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. Like the KH-11 (Crystal), the KH-12 is believed to use a large mirror to capture light, and probably resembles the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in size and shape. The Hubble Space Telescope ( HST; also known colloquially as "the Hubble" or just "Hubble" is a space telescope that was carried into

As the "Improved Crystal" nickname implies, many believe that the KH-12 is largely an incremental improvement upon the KH-11, and a number of observers classify the spacecraft as a KH-11. Similarly, a successor KH-13 program may currently exist (some have called that a "KH-12B"). The KH-13 is a name used by observers of US military space programs to refer to a class of imaging Spy satellite operated by the United States.

The spacecraft's mirror is believed to be 2. 9-3. 1 meters[2] somewhat larger than that of KH-11, believed to have a 2. 3 meter diameter, and that of the HST, 2. The Hubble Space Telescope ( HST; also known colloquially as "the Hubble" or just "Hubble" is a space telescope that was carried into 4 m. Jane's Defence Weekly indicates that the secondary mirror in the Cassegrain reflecting telescope system can be moved significantly, allowing images to be taken from angles unusual for a satellite. "JDW" redirects here For the biologist with the same initials see James D A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is an Optical telescope which uses a single or combination of Curved mirrors that reflect Light Also, there are indications that the satellite can take images every five seconds. The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units Sources vary on how the KH-12 communicates with ground stations. Several different clusters of relay satellites are available, so the birds may use the Satellite Data System (SDS), MILSTAR, or Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) networks. The Satellite Data System ( SDS) is a system of United States military Communications satellites At least two generations have been used SDS-1 from July Milstar (originally an acronym for Military Strategic and Tactical Relay ', but now a name with no inherent meaning is a United States government Satellite communications The Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System ( TDRSS) is a network of Communications satellites (each called a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite

At least three were launched between February 1990 and December 1996, and others have probably been launched since. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) KH-12 satellites were launched on Titan IV rockets. The Titan IV family (including the IVA and IVB of Space boosters were used by the U Each satellite is estimated to have cost more than US $1 billion, and the launches cost close to $400 million. [3]

KH-12 satellites are believed to have been the source of some imagery of Russia and China made public in 1997, as well as images of Sudan and Afghanistan made public in 1998 that were related to the response to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) In the 1998 US Embassy bombings ( August 7, 1998) hundreds of people were killed in simultaneous Car bomb explosions at the United States

Contents

Launches

Misty

The Misty satellites are believed to be derived from KH-12 satellites, but modified to make them invisible to radar, and hard to detect visually. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Misty is reportedly the name of a classified project by the United States National Reconnaissance Office to operate stealthy Reconnaissance satellites The satellites Two Misty satellites are believed to have been launched. One was released by the Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-36. NASA 's Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System ( STS) is the Spacecraft currently used by the United States Space Shuttle Atlantis ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-104 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-36 was a Space shuttle mission by NASA using the Space Shuttle ''Atlantis''. The other, USA-144 was launched on 22 May 1999 by a Titan IVB from Vandenberg AFB. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The Titan IV family (including the IVA and IVB of Space boosters were used by the U Vandenberg Air Force Base is a United States military installation with a Spaceport, in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. [7] The satellites are sometimes identified as KH-12s.

See also

References

  1. ^ Jeffrey T. The KH-11, also referenced by the codenames 1010, Crystal and Kennan, also commonly known as " Key Hole " was a type of Reconnaissance The KH-13 is a name used by observers of US military space programs to refer to a class of imaging Spy satellite operated by the United States. Misty is reportedly the name of a classified project by the United States National Reconnaissance Office to operate stealthy Reconnaissance satellites The satellites Future Imagery Architecture (FIA was a program to design a new generation of US Reconnaissance satellites for the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO Richelson (1990). America's Secret Eyes in Space: The U. S. Keyhole Spy Satellite Program.  
  2. ^ Charles P. Vick (2007-04-25). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. KH-12 Improved Crystal.
  3. ^ "U.S. Space-based reconnaissance reinforced" (2001-10-17). Jane's Defence Weekly.  
  4. ^ KH-12 Launches
  5. ^ Encyclopedia Astronautica - Titan 4B
  6. ^ SpaceWorld: USA-186
  7. ^ Encyclopedia Astronautica - Misty
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