Kölsch is a local beer speciality, brewed in Cologne, Germany. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It is a clear beer with a bright straw yellow hue, and it has a prominent, but not extreme, hoppiness. Hops are the female Flower cones of the hop plant ( Humulus lupulus) It is less bitter than the standard German lager beer, Pils. Pilsner, sometimes pilsener or simply pils, is a Pale lager, developed in the 19th century in the city of Pilsen, Bohemia ( Furthermore, Kölsch is a top-fermented beer (an ale), meaning that it is fermented at 15 to 20°C (60 to 68°F) and the yeast tends to collect at the top, as opposed to bottom-fermented beer (a lager) fermented at much colder temperatures. Ale is a type of Beer brewed from Malted Barley using a top-fermenting Brewers' yeast. Fermentation in Food processing typically refers to the conversion of Sugar to Alcohol using Yeast under Anaerobic conditions Pale lager is a very pale to golden -coloured Beer with a well attenuated body and noble hop bitterness Kölsch yeast is often confused with a bottom-fermenting lager yeast because of its relatively low fermentation temperature. Although Kölsch ferments colder than most ales, its yeast is definitely an ale strain. Ale is a type of Beer brewed from Malted Barley using a top-fermenting Brewers' yeast.

Contents 1 Serving 2 History 3 Culture of Kölsch consumption 4 Wiess 5 See also 6 References 7 External links 7.1 Selected Kölsch Brands

Serving

Kölsch should be served at cellar temperature (about 10°C/50°F, not near freezing). It is usually served in long, thin, cylindrical 0. 2 litre glasses. The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. This glass is known as a Stange (pole), but is often derisively called a Reagenzglas (test tube), or Fingerhut (thimble). Recently though, many bars have moved to satisfy their more thirsty customers by offering larger, less traditional glasses (0. 3 l or 0. 4 l) of the same shape, but connoisseurs would even drink it from smaller (0. 1 l) glasses, called "Stößche" (Cologne dialect noun for a German verb "stürzen" = to gulp), as the taste of Kölsch, which has no carbonic acid added, is at its best when fresh on draught. Since 1936 Kölsch has also been available in bottled form. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

History

In the year 1396, the Brewer Gaffel signed, with 21 other Guilds, a document called the Kölner Verbundbrief, that set up a new democratic constitution of the free city, which terminated the rule of the nobles over the citizens, and held until 1796, when the army of Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Cologne. A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The term Kölsch was officially used for the first time in 1918 to describe the type of beer that had been brewed by the Sünner brewery since 1906. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting This type of beer developed from the similar, but cloudier variant Wiess (White). Kölsch is a local Beer speciality brewed in Cologne, Germany. It never became particularly popular in the first half of the twentieth century, when the most popular beer was bottom-fermented, just as in the rest of Germany. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Before World War II, there were over 40 breweries in Cologne, but in the aftermath of the devastations wrought by the war, that number was reduced to two. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of Beer, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of beer's history

In 1946, however, many of the breweries managed to re-establish themselves. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During the 1940s and 1950s Kölsch still could not match the sales of bottom-fermented beer, but beginning in the 1960s it rose in popularity and achieved hegemony in the Cologne beer market. The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949 Events and trends The 1940s was a period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s which also leads the period to be The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 From a production of merely 500,000 hectoliters in 1960, Cologne's beer production peaked in 1980, when 3. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) 7 million hectoliters were produced. Due to recent increases in price and changed habits of alcohol consumption, the sale has decreased causing economic hardship for many of the traditional corner bars (Kölschkneipen) and for smaller breweries. In 2005, 2. 4 million hectolitres of Kölsch were brewed^[1].

Fourteen breweries produce Kölsch in and around Cologne, the most important ones being Früh, Erzquell (Zunft Kölsch), Gaffel, Reissdorf and Kölner Verbund; the trend is towards consolidation. The Brewery Reissdorf was founded in 1894 by Heinrich Reissdorf in Cologne. Kölsch is the only beer that may not be brewed outside the Cologne region, as determined by the Kölsch convention of 1986. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) There is a grandfather clause for a few breweries in the larger area, for example in Bonn, that were already established as of 1986. A grandfather clause is a term used in US English for an exception that allows an old rule to continue to apply to some existing situations when a new rule will apply to all future situations Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia In 1997 Kölsch became a protected designation of origin, expanding this protection to the entire EU and several counties outside the EU. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Nevertheless many brands are brewed abroad on a small scale - especially in the U.S. and Japan. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. While the labeling of these brews as Kölsch may not be illegal in local law, it is certainly misleading, because they are neither from Cologne nor are they guaranteed to comply with the Reinheitsgebot. The (literally "purity order" sometimes called the "German Beer Purity Law" or the "Bavarian Purity Law" in English is a regulation concerning the production of

Culture of Kölsch consumption

Kölsch stands in direct competition to Altbier, the production of which is centred around Düsseldorf, but which is ironically also produced by all the major breweries in Cologne; the difference between the two types is indeed technically slight, Altbier being fermented at slightly higher temperatures than Kölsch and using dark malt, harder water and far more bittering hops, resulting in a nuttier, firmer and more dry taste. Altbier (often abbreviated to Alt) is the name given to a form of German top-fermenting beer that originated in Westphalia and spread to parts of the Rhineland Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The rivalry between the cities of Cologne and Düsseldorf, bitter in the past but today mostly a humorous matter, is often expressed by the preference of one of these types of beer, and ordering the wrong kind in the wrong city has in fact resulted in abuse and even violence in the past, although today a couple of jokes about foreigners is probably all that would result. Another interesting sociological point concerning Kölsch is that its consumption is deemed acceptable by women to a much greater extent than other beers in Germany, and also that it is often drunk in groups of rather mixed social standing — exclusiveness is frowned upon by the Kölsch drinking culture, and there is a deal between the breweries that no Kölsch will be sold with any extra titles like "Premium", "Special", "Extra high quality" or some such. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Karl Marx once famously remarked that his revolution could not work in Cologne, since the bosses went to the same pubs as their workers. Kölsch waiters (Köbes) in traditional pubs are allowed, and indeed expected, to speak the local dialect and to use fairly rough, unrefined language, which might include crude jokes with the customers. In keeping with serving tradition, the Köbes in such pubs will also continue to exchange empty Kölsch glasses with new ones unprompted until customers leave their glass half full or place the beermat upon the glass to signal that they no longer wish to be served.

Wiess

Wiess ("white") is a cloudy, unfiltered version of Kölsch.

See also

• German beer

References

External links

• Cologne Pub Guide
• Kölsch-Konvention
• Deutsche Brauer Bund description of Kölsch

Selected Kölsch Brands

• Reissdorf Kölsch
• Dom Kölsch
• Früh Kölsch
• Gaffel Kölsch
• Gilden Kölsch
• Küppers Kölsch
• Mühlen Kölsch
• Sion Kölsch
• Sünner Kölsch
• Zunft Kölsch
• Sester Kölsch
• Päffgen Kölsch

Note that Ramsdorfer Kölsch is a made up Kölsch from the movie "Voll normaaal", not a real brewery.

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