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Astrology
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Part of a series on
Hindu scriptures
Aum

Rigveda · Yajurveda · Samaveda · Atharvaveda
Divisions
Samhita · Brahmana · Aranyaka · Upanishad

Aitareya · Brihadaranyaka · Isha · Taittiriya · Chandogya · Kena · Mundaka · Mandukya · Katha · Prashna · Shvetashvatara

Shiksha · Chandas · Vyakarana · Nirukta · Jyotisha · Kalpa

Mahabharata · Ramayana

Smriti · Śruti · Bhagavad Gita · Purana · Agama · Darshana · Pancharatra · Tantra · Sutra · Stotra · Dharmashastra · Divya Prabandha · Tevaram · Ramacharitamanas · Shikshapatri · Vachanamrut · Ananda Sutram
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Jyotiṣa (Sanskrit jyotiṣa, from jyótis- "light, heavenly body": also spelled Jyotish and Jyotisha in English) is the ancient Indian system of astronomy and astrology (also known as Indian astrology, Hindu astrology, and of late, Vedic astrology). Astrology (from Greek grc ἄστρον astron, "constellation star" and grc -λογία -logia) is a group of Systems The history of Astrology encompasses a great span of human history and many cultures Astronomy is the oldest of the Natural sciences dating back to antiquity, with its origins in the religious, Mythological, and Astrological Astrology and astronomy are historically one and the same discipline ( Latin: astrologia) and were only gradually recognized as separate in western In Babylonia as well as in Assyria as a direct offshoot of Babylonian culture (or as we might also term it "Euphratean" culture Astrology takes its Persian Astrology has its roots in the Zend-Avesta parts of which are very similar to the Rig Veda The Chinese Zodiac is a 12 year cycle Each year of the 12 year cycle is named after one of the original 12 animals Hellenistic astrology is a tradition of Horoscopic astrology that was developed and practiced in Hellenistic Egypt and the Mediterranean, whose Sidereal astrology is the system of Astrology used by some Western and all Jyotish astrologers who base their interpretation around the use of the Western astrology is the system of Astrology most popular in Western countries This is an incomplete list of the different traditions types systems methods applications and branches of Astrology. Horoscopic astrology is a form of Astrology which uses a Horoscope, a visual representation of the heavens for a specific moment in time in order to interpret the Natal astrology, also known as genethliacal astrology, is the system of Astrology based upon the concept that each individual's personality or path in life can Electional astrology is a branch found in most systems of astrology Horary astrology is an ancient branch of Horoscopic astrology by which an astrologer attempts to answer a question by constructing a Horoscope for the exact time Mundane astrology is the application of Astrology to world affairs and world events taking its name from the Latin word Mundus, meaning "the This is an incomplete list of the different traditions types systems methods applications and branches of Astrology. Literature regarded as central to the Hindu literary tradition was predominantly composed in Sanskrit, Indeed much of the morphology and linguistic "Veda" redirects here For other uses see Veda (disambiguation. The Rigveda ( Sanskrit sa ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, a compound of ṛc "praise verse" and veda "knowledge" The Yajurveda ( Sanskrit यजुर्वेदः, a Tatpurusha compound of yajus "sacrificial formula' + veda The Samaveda ( Sanskrit: सामवेद sāmaveda, from sāman "melody" + veda "knowledge") is third (in the usual The Atharvaveda ( Sanskrit: अथर्ववेद atharvaveda, a Tatpurusha compound of {{IAST|atharvan}}, an ancient Rishi The oral tradition of the Vedas ( Śrauta) consists of several pathas, "recitations" or ways of chanting the Vedic Mantras Such traditions The Brāhmaṇa s ( Devanagari: sa ब्राह्मणं are part of the Hindu śruti literature The Aranyakas (Sanskrit आरण्यक āraṇyaka) are part of the Hindu śruti, the four Vedas these religious texts were composed in The Upanishads ( Devanagari: उपनिषद् IAST: upaniṣad also spelled "Upanisad" are Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings The Upanishads ( Devanagari: उपनिषद् IAST: upaniṣad also spelled "Upanisad" are Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings The Aitareya Upanishad is one of the older "primary" Upanishads commented upon by Shankara. The Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upanishad ( Sanskrit: बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद् is one of the older "primary" ( Mukhya The Isha Upanishad ( īśa upaniṣad, otherwise Ishopanishad īśopaniṣad or īśāvāsya upaniṣad) is one of the shortest of the Upanishads The Taittiriya Upanishad is one of the older " primary " Upanishads commented upon by Shankara. The Chandogya Upanishad is one of the "primary" ( Mukhya) Upanishads Together with the Jaiminiya Upanishad Brahmana and the Brihadaranyaka The Kena Upanishad (kenopaniṣad is one of the older "primary" Upanishads commented upon by Shankara. The Muṇḍaka Upanishad is one of the older "primary" ( Mukhya) Upanishads commented upon by Shankara. Māndūkya Upanishad is the shortest Upanishads - the scriptures of Hindu Vedanta. The Kaṭha Upanishad is one of the older Mukhya "primary" Upanishads commented upon by Shankara. Prashna Upanishad ( IAST praṣnopaniṣad is one of the older "primary" Upanishads commented upon by Shankara. The Shvetashvatara Upanishad (Sanskrit Śvetāśvatara) (400 - 200 BCE is one of the older "primary" Upanishads It is associated with the Black The Vedanga ( vedāṅga, "member of the Veda" are six auxiliary disciplines for the understanding and tradition of the Vedas. See Shiksha (NGO for the Indian non-governmental organization The main principle of Vedic meter is measurement by the number of syllables The Sanskrit grammatical tradition of vyākaraṇa is one of the six Vedanga disciplines Nirukta ("explanation etymological interpretation" is one of the six {{IAST|Vedānga}} disciplines of Hinduism, treating Etymology, particularly Jyotiṣa ( Sanskrit jyotiṣa, from jyótis- "light heavenly body" also spelled Jyotish and Jyotisha in English Kalpa is one of the six disciplines of Vedanga, treating Ritual. Indian epic poetry is the Epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent. The Rāmāyaṇa ( Devanāgarī: sa रामायण is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the Hindu sage ( Maharishi) Valmiki The following is a bibliography of Hindu scriptures and texts. Smriti (Sanskrit स्मृति " that which is remembered " refers to a specific body of Hindu religious Scripture If you are looking for the singer see Shruti Haasan. For other meanings see Śruti (disambiguation. For other meanings see Purana (disambiguation. The Puranas ( Sanskrit: sa पुराण purāṇa, "of ancient times" Darśana ( Darshan, दर्शन is a Sanskrit term meaning "sight" (in the sense of an instance of seeing or beholding from a root Pāñcarātra are Vaishnavite devotional texts dedicated to a single deity Sriman Narayana who manifests in different forms Tantras (" Looms " or " Weavings " refers to numerous and varied scriptures pertaining to any of several esoteric traditions In Hinduism a Stotra is a hymn of praise These hymns praise aspects of the divine such as Devi, Siva, or Vishnu. Dharmaśāstra is a genre of Sanskrit texts and refers to the śāstra, or Indic branch of learning pertaining to Hindu Dharma, religious The Nalayira Divya Prabandha (or Nalayira Divya Prabhandham) is a collection of 4000 verses (Naalayira in Tamil means 'four thousand' composed before 8th century The Tevaram ( Tamil: தேவாரம் Teva means "God" aram means "garland") denotes the first seven volumes of the Śrī Rāmacaritamānas ( Devanāgarī: hi श्री राम चरित मानस ( Hindi / Avadhi) is an Epic poem composed by the The Shikshapatri ( Devanagari: शिक्षापत्री is a text of two hundred and twelve verses written in Sanskrit by Bhagwan Swaminarayan The Vachanamrut of Bhagwan Swaminarayan is the most sacred and foundational scripture of the Swaminarayan faith. Ananda Sutram is the basic scripture of modern Yoga composed in Sanskrit by Shrii Shrii Anandamurti (1921-1990 in the year 1961 Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study Astrology (from Greek grc ἄστρον astron, "constellation star" and grc -λογία -logia) is a group of Systems It has three branches:[1]

The foundation of Jyotisha is the notion of bandhu of the Vedas or scriptures, which is the connection between the microcosm and the macrocosm. Bandhu, Sanskrit for relation or binding, are the connections that according to the Vedas link the outer and the inner worlds "Veda" redirects here For other uses see Veda (disambiguation. The practice of Jyotisha primarily relies on the sidereal zodiac, which is different from the tropical zodiac used in Western astrology in that an ayanamsa adjustment is made for the gradual precession of the vernal equinox. Sidereal astrology is the system of Astrology used by some Western and all Jyotish astrologers who base their interpretation around the use of the Zodiac denotes an annual cycle of twelve stations along the Ecliptic, the apparent path of the sun across the heavens through the Constellations that divide the ecliptic Western astrology is the system of Astrology most popular in Western countries Ayanamsa is the Sanskrit term for the longitudinal difference between the tropical or Sayana and sidereal or Nirayana zodiacs Sidereal time is a measure of the position of the Earth in its rotation around its axis or time measured by the apparent Diurnal motion of the Vernal equinox A Great year (also known as a Platonic year or Equinoctial cycle) is the time required for one complete cycle of the Precession of the equinoxes, Jyotisha includes several nuanced sub-systems of interpretation and prediction with elements not found in Hellenistic astrology, such as its system of lunar mansions (nakshatras). A nakshatra ( Devanagari: नक्षत्र or lunar mansion is one of the 27 or 28 divisions of the sky identified by the prominent star(s in them that the A nakshatra ( Devanagari: नक्षत्र or lunar mansion is one of the 27 or 28 divisions of the sky identified by the prominent star(s in them that the

Astrology remains an important facet in the lives of many Hindus. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical In Hindu culture, newborns are traditionally named based on their jyotish charts, and jyotish concepts are pervasive in the organization of the calendar and holidays as well as in many areas of life, such as in making decisions made about marriage, opening a new business, and moving into a new home. The culture of India has been shaped by the long History of India, its unique geography and the absorption of customs traditions and ideas from some of its neighbors To some extent, astrology even manages to retain a position among the sciences in modern India. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [2] Following a controversial judgement of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in 2001, some Indian universities even offer advanced degrees in astrology. The Andhra Pradesh High Court (आंध्र प्रदेश उच्च न्यायालय is the High Court of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh [3]

Contents

History

Main article: Indian astronomy
Further information: Astrology and astronomy
Further information: Hindu chronology

The term jyotiṣa in the sense of one of the Vedanga, the six auxiliary disciplines of Vedic religion, is used in the Mundaka Upanishad and thus likely dates to Mauryan times. Indian astronomy —the earliest textual mention of which is given in the religious literature of India (2nd millennium BCE—became an established tradition by the 1st millennium BCE Astrology and astronomy are historically one and the same discipline ( Latin: astrologia) and were only gradually recognized as separate in western The subject of Hindu chronology divides naturally into three parts the calendar the eras and other reckonings The Vedanga ( vedāṅga, "member of the Veda" are six auxiliary disciplines for the understanding and tradition of the Vedas. This article discusses the historical religious practices in the Vedic time period see Hinduism and Indian religions for details The Muṇḍaka Upanishad is one of the older "primary" ( Mukhya) Upanishads commented upon by Shankara. The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military The Vedanga Jyotisha redacted by Lagadha dates to the Mauryan period, with rules for tracking the motions of the sun and the moon. The Vedanga Jyotisha, is an Indian text on Jyotisha ( Indian astronomy) redacted by Lagadha (लगध The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military

The documented history of Jyotisha begins with the interaction of Indian and Hellenistic cultures in the Indo-Greek period. This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. The Indo-Greek Kingdom (or sometimes Graeco-Indian Kingdom) covered various parts of the northwest and northern Indian subcontinent during the last two centuries The oldest surviving treatises, such as the Yavanajataka or the Brihat-Samhita, date to the early centuries CE. The Yavanajataka ( Sanskrit for "Saying ( Jataka) of the Greeks ( Yavanas)" is the earliest writing of Indian astrology The Bṛhat Saṃhitā is a 6th century Sanskrit encyclopedia by Varahamihira of wide ranging subjects of human interest including Astrology The oldest astrological treatise in Sanskrit is the Yavanajataka ("Sayings of the Greeks"), a versification by Sphujidhvaja in 269/270 CE of a now lost translation of a Greek treatise by Yavanesvara during the 2nd century CE under the patronage of the Western Satrap Saka king Rudradaman I. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical The Yavanajataka ( Sanskrit for "Saying ( Jataka) of the Greeks ( Yavanas)" is the earliest writing of Indian astrology Yavanesvara ( Sanskrit for "Lord" ( Svara) "of the Greeks" ( Yavanas)" was a man who lived in the Gujarat region The Western Satraps, or Western Kshatrapas ( 35 - 405) were Saka rulers of the western and central part of India ( Saurashtra The Sakas ( English form of Old Iranian Sakā, Nominative plural masculine case; Ancient Greek Σάκαι, Rudradaman I (r 130 - 150) was the Saka ruler of Malwa, a member of the Western Kshatrapas dynasty [4]

The first named authors writing treatises on astronomy are from the 5th century CE, the date when the classical period of Indian astronomy can be said to begin. Besides the theories of Aryabhata in the Aryabhatiya and the lost Arya-siddhānta, there is the Pancha-Siddhāntika of Varahamihira. Āryabhaṭa ( Devanāgarī: आर्यभट (AD 476 &ndash 550 is the first in the line of great mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics Āryabhatīya, an astronomical treatise is the Magnum opus and only extant work of the 5th century Indian mathematician Aryabhata. Daivajna Varāhamihira ( Devanagari: वराहमिहिर 505 &ndash 587 also called Varaha or Mihira was an Indian Astronomer, Mathematician Daivajna Varāhamihira ( Devanagari: वराहमिहिर 505 &ndash 587 also called Varaha or Mihira was an Indian Astronomer, Mathematician

The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology is based are early medieval compilations, notably the Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra, and Sārāvalī by Kalyāṇavarman. The Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra (BPHS hora is a word in Sanskrit a short form of another Sanskrit word aho-rātra, which means day and Kalyanavarman is also the name of a member of the Varman dynasty (5th century The Horashastra is a composite work of 71 chapters, of which the first part (chapters 1-51) dates to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 52-71) to the later 8th century. The Sārāvalī likewise dates to around 800 CE. [5] English translations of these texts were published by N. N. Krishna Rau and V. B. Choudhari in 1963 and 1961, respectively.

Historically, the study of astrology in India was an important factor in the development of astronomy in the Early Middle Ages. Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study The Early Middle Ages is a period in the History of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly five centuries from AD 500

Elements

Rāshi – the signs (zodiac)

Further information: sign (astrology)
See also: Varga (astrology)

A zodiac divides the 360 degrees of the ecliptic into 12 equal parts. Astrological signs represent twelve equal segments or divisions of the Zodiac. The term varga in Indian astrology ( Jyotisha) refers to the division of a zodiacal sign ( rāśi) into parts Zodiac denotes an annual cycle of twelve stations along the Ecliptic, the apparent path of the sun across the heavens through the Constellations that divide the ecliptic The ecliptic is the apparent path that the Sun traces out in the sky during the year Each twelfth part (of 30 degrees) is called a sign or rāshi[6]. Whereas Western astrology uses the tropical zodiac (where the signs are measured from the point of the Spring Equinox on the ecliptic), the Jyotisha system favors the sidereal zodiac (where the signs are aligned with their eponymous constellations). Western astrology is the system of Astrology most popular in Western countries Zodiac denotes an annual cycle of twelve stations along the Ecliptic, the apparent path of the sun across the heavens through the Constellations that divide the ecliptic Sidereal astrology is the system of Astrology used by some Western and all Jyotish astrologers who base their interpretation around the use of the The difference, due to the precession of the equinoxes, becomes noticeable over time. In Astronomy, Precession refers to the movement of the rotational axis of a body such as a planet with respect to Inertial space. After two millennia, the origin of the ecliptic longitude has shifted by about 22 degrees. A millennium (pl millennia) is a period of Time equal to one thousand Years (from Latin la mille, thousand and la annum Ecliptic longitude ( solar longitude or celestial longitude) is one of the co-ordinates which can be used to define the location of an Astronomical object As a result the assignment of planets to their sign positions in the Jyotisha system is consistent with the actual zodiac, while in Western astrology the planets fall into the following sign, as compared to their placement in the sidereal zodiac, about two thirds of the time. The Sanskrit names of the signs are direct translations of the Greek names (dhanus meaning "bow" rather than "archer", and kumbha meaning "water-pitcher" rather than "water-carrier").

Number Sanskrit Name Western Name Element
1 Meṣa "ram" Aries (Κριός "ram") Fire
2 Vṛṣabha "bull" Taurus (Ταύρος "bull") Earth
3 Mithuna "twins" Gemini (Δίδυμοι "twins") Air
4 Karka "crab" Cancer (Καρκίνος "crab") Water
5 Siṃha "lion" Leo (Λέων "lion") Fire
6 Kanyā "girl" Virgo (Παρθένος "virgin") Earth
7 Tula "balance" Libra (Ζυγός "balance") Air
8 Vṛścika "scorpion" Scorpio (Σκόρπειος "scorpion") Water
9 Dhanus "bow" Sagittarius (Τοξότης "archer") Fire
10 Makara "sea-monster" Capricorn (Αἰγόκερως "goat-horned") Earth
11 Kumbha "pitcher" Aquarius (Ὑδροχόος "water-pourer") Air
12 Mīna "fish" Pisces (Ἰχθείς "fish") Water


Bhāva – the houses

Further information: house (astrology)

A house is a zodiacal division according to local time and location (i. Tattva is a Sanskrit word meaning 'thatness' 'principle' 'reality' or 'truth' Aries, the ram, is the first Astrological sign in the Zodiac. Taurus is the second Astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Taurus. Prithvi ( Sanskrit: pṛthvī, also pṛthivī) is the Hindu Earth and Mother Goddess. Gemini is the third Astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Gemini. In Hinduism Vayu ( Sanskrit: वायु, IAST: Vāyu Malay: Bayu Thai: Phra Pai is a primary deity the father of Cancer is the fourth Astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Cancer. Leo is the fifth Astrological sign of the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Leo. Virgo is the sixth Astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Virgo. Libra is the seventh Astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Libra. Scorpio is the eighth Astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Scorpius. Sagittarius is the ninth Astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Sagittarius. Capricorn is the tenth Astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Capricornus. Aquarius is the eleventh Astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation Aquarius. Pisces is the twelfth Astrological sign in the Zodiac, which originates from the Pisces constellation. Most horoscopic traditions of astrology systems divide the Horoscope into a number (usually twelve of houses whose positions depend on time and location rather e. an effectively "moving" division of the sky from the perspective of a fixed observer, rather than a fixed portion according to the stars as is true of the signs. ) Houses are enumerated counter-clockwise from the house on the eastern horizon, passing through the "other side of the sky" and the western horizon to return to the starting point.

More than one system to align houses with signs are recognized in Jyotisha. One is what Western astrologers call the whole sign house system, another is Sripathi, akin to a Porphyry house system. Most horoscopic traditions of astrology systems divide the Horoscope into a number (usually twelve of houses whose positions depend on time and location rather The modern Krishnamurti Paddhati also incorporates a Placidus house system.

The significance of the 12 houses are:[7]

  1. Lagna - Nature of Native, Appearance, Health, Character, Purpose of Life
  2. Dhana - Wealth, Family, Domestic Comforts, Early Education, Inheritance
  3. Parākrama - Younger Brothers and Sisters, Communication (Talking, Writing, Business Documents), Intelligence, Later Education, Short Journeys
  4. Suhṛda - Mother, Education, Home, Property and Land, Surrounding in Old Age
  5. Suta - Children, Lover, Recreation, Devotion, Speculation and Gambling, Creativity
  6. Ripu/Roga - Health, Maternal uncle and aunt, Litigation, Servants, Mental Worries, Enemies
  7. Kāma - Spouse, Business Partner, Death, Trade, Agreement, Honour and Reputation
  8. Mrityu - Sex, Longevity, Failure, Family of spouse, Dowry, Inheritance, Imprisonment
  9. Bhāgya - Luck, Higher learning, Travelling, Religion, Mentor, Father, Prosperity
  10. Karma - Profession, Status, Power, Father, Mother-in-law, Government and Business
  11. Āya - Friends, Hopes, Earnings, Club or Social Activities, Elder Brothers and Sisters, Daughter/Son-in-law
  12. Vyaya - Expenses, Sleep, Donations, Foreign stay, Private Enemies, Imprisonment, Hospitals

Graha – the planets

Main article: Navagraha
See also: Dasha (astrology)

Graha literally means any heavenly body or point that can cast an impact on human affairs. Graha (from Sanskrit ग्रह gráha -- seizing laying hold of holding is a 'cosmic influencer' on the living beings of mother Bhumidevi ( Earth) A Dasha ( Sanskrit दशा daśā) is a planetary period in Jyotisha, the classical system of Astrology in India It may be translated as planet for ease. Graha also includes lunar nodes (Rahu and Ketu) and sub-planets (upgrahas) which are not planets but no less effective than planets. The lunar nodes are the Orbital nodes of the Moon, that is the points where the orbit of the Moon crosses the Ecliptic (which is the apparent

There are nine grahas[8]: the two luminaries, the five visible planets and the two lunar nodes. Graha (from Sanskrit ग्रह gráha -- seizing laying hold of holding is a 'cosmic influencer' on the living beings of mother Bhumidevi ( Earth) The extra-saturnine planets (Uranus and Neptune) are not included in the category of Graha. Neptune ( English|AmE] ] is the eighth and farthest Planet from the Sun in the Solar System.

Sanskrit Name English Name Abbreviation Gender Guna Represents
Surya (सूर्य) Sun Sy or Su M Sattva Soul, king, highly placed persons, father. The Sanskrit word guṇa has the basic meaning of "string" or "a single thread or strand of a cord or twine" In Hinduism, Surya ( Devanagari: सूर्य sūrya, lit "the Supreme Light" Malay: Suria; Thai: The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. In Hindu philosophy, sattva ( Sanskrit sattva "purity" literally "existence reality" adjectival sāttvika "pure" The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living
Chandra (चंद्र) Moon Ch or Mo F Sattva Mind, queen, mother. In Hinduism, Chandra (lit "shining is a Lunar deity and a Graha. In Hindu philosophy, sattva ( Sanskrit sattva "purity" literally "existence reality" adjectival sāttvika "pure" MIND ( Moving In New Directions) (est 1975 is an alternative education high school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Mangala (मंगल) Mars Ma M Tamas energetic action, confidence and ego
Budha (बुध) Mercury Bu or Me N Rajas Communication and analysis
Brihaspati (बृहस्पति) Jupiter Gu or Ju M Sattva the great teacher
Shukra (शुक्र) Venus Sk or Ve F Rajas wealth, pleasure and reproduction
Shani (शनि) Saturn Sa M Tamas learning the hard way. In Jyotish Astrology, Mangala ( Devanagari: मंगल is the name for Mars, the red planet Confidence is generally described as a state of being certain either that a hypothesis or prediction is correct or that a chosen course of action is the best or most effective given the Id, ego, and super-ego are the three parts of the " Psychic apparatus " defined in Sigmund Freud 's structural model of In Hindu mythology, Budha (Sanskrit बुध not to be confused with Buddha) is the name for the planet Mercury, a son of Chandra (the In Samkhya philosophy one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy, rajas (Sanskrit rajas, or rajoguna) is the quality ( Guna) of activity Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way Brihaspati (or Brahmanaspati) is the name of a Vedic deity, personification of piety and religion the chief offerer of prayers and sacrifices represented as In Hindu philosophy, sattva ( Sanskrit sattva "purity" literally "existence reality" adjectival sāttvika "pure" Shukra (शुक्र the Sanskrit for "clear pure" or "brightness clearness" is the name the son of Bhrgu and Urjaswathi The VENUS ( V ictoria E xperimental N etwork U nder the S ea project is a cabled sea floor observatory operated by the University In Samkhya philosophy one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy, rajas (Sanskrit rajas, or rajoguna) is the quality ( Guna) of activity Wealth derives from the old English word "weal" which means "well-being Pleasure is commonly conceptualized as a positive experience Happiness, Entertainment, Enjoyment, ecstasy, and euphoria, but is hard Reproduction is the Biological process by which new individual Organisms are produced Shani ( Sanskrit Śani शनि is one of the Navagraha which are the nine primary celestial beings in Hindu astrology or Career and Longevity
Rahu (राहु) Head of Demon Snake
Ascending/North Lunar Node		 Ra M Tamas a Asura who does his best to plunge any area of one's life he controls into chaos
Ketu (केतु) Tail of Demon Snake
Descending/South Lunar Node		 Ke M Tamas supernatural influences

Nakshatra – the lunar mansions

Main article: Nakshatra

A nakshatra (Devanagari: नक्षत्र) or lunar mansion , is one of the [27][9] or 28 divisions of the sky, identified by the prominent star(s) in them, that the Moon passes through during its monthly cycle. In Hindu mythology, Rahu is a Snake that swallows the Sun or the Moon causing Eclipses He is depicted in art as a dragon with no body The lunar nodes are the Orbital nodes of the Moon, that is the points where the orbit of the Moon crosses the Ecliptic (which is the apparent In Hinduism In Hinduism, the Asura ( Sanskrit: असुर are a group of power-seeking deities sometimes referred to as Demons or sinful Chaos (derived from the Ancient Greek, Chaos) typically refers to Unpredictability, and is the antithesis of Cosmos. Ketu ( Sanskrit: केतु, IAST: ketú is the descending lunar node The lunar nodes are the Orbital nodes of the Moon, that is the points where the orbit of the Moon crosses the Ecliptic (which is the apparent The term supernatural or supranatural ( Latin: super, supra "above" + natura "nature" pertains to entities events A nakshatra ( Devanagari: नक्षत्र or lunar mansion is one of the 27 or 28 divisions of the sky identified by the prominent star(s in them that the The month is a unit of Time, used with Calendars which is approximately as long as some natural period related to the motion of the Moon; Each nakshatra represents a division of the ecliptic (of 13 degree 20 minutes), similar to the zodiac. The ecliptic is the apparent path that the Sun traces out in the sky during the year Zodiac denotes an annual cycle of twelve stations along the Ecliptic, the apparent path of the sun across the heavens through the Constellations that divide the ecliptic Traditionally the nakshatra position of the Moon is computed for the newborn's mental make-up, and calculations of planetary periods (dasha). A Dasha ( Sanskrit दशा daśā) is a planetary period in Jyotisha, the classical system of Astrology in India Each nakshatra is further partitioned into four equal segments known as charan or pada[10]. Nakshatra is important in Astrological match making, Muhurta, Panchanga and Praśna affairs. [more information requested]

In ancient India, nakshatra was more important than rāśi. Rgveda mentions Nakshatra 11 times, while rāśi is mentioned only 4 times (in the sense collection rather than a zodiacal division).

Horoscopy

Lagna – the ascendant

One's ascendant, or lagna, the rāshi which is rising on the eastern horizon at the time of one's birth, is the most influential and important one. The ascendant ( or As) or rising sign, is the zodiacal sign and degree that was ascending on the eastern horizon at the specific time and location of an Another important impact is of the Janma Rāshi, the rāshi in which the moon lay while one was born. In addition, Sage Parasara mentioned a few special ascendants or Veshaish Lagni before mentioning the results of various divisional charts and houses. His mention that houses can be counted from special lagnas clearly indicates that he wanted special lagnas to be used instead of lagna for some clear purposes. Some important special lagnas are follows.

Drishti – the aspect

Aspect is one of the most important phenomena that not only interlinks the planets with each other but also playing a role of bridge between signs. In Jyotisha the word Drishti is tantamount to Aspect, means glance or sight. It is the transfer of influences to another graha or rāshi as a result of their situation in relation to each other.

The hierarchy of aspect can be categorized into two types as;

1- Aspect based on Planet or Sign’s Nature
This is the system of aspect studied in Jyotisha. This holds that certain planet or sign sights another planet or sign depends on its nature. This can also be divided into two kinds, namely;

Graha Drishti should prefer when analyzing

Rāshi Drishti should prefer when analyzing

2- Aspect based on Relative Distance
This is the same method in vogue in Western Astrology. In Vogue is the debut album of Colorado Post-hardcore band Drop Dead Gorgeous. Tajik Varshaphala (Vedic Solar Return Chart) applies this technique to erect 14 different types of aspects also known as varshaphala yogas.

Argala – the intervention

Significations of various houses are interlinked. Support provided by one house to another is called Argala and the obstruction offered to supporting houses is called Virodha argala.

Graha (planets) in 2nd, 4th and 11th house cause argalas on a given house, whereas the planets in 12th, 10th and 3rd cause virodha argalas to 2nd, 4th and 11th respectively.

Benefic generally give shubha argalas, malefic offerpapa argalas. If however a malefic has an argala on house of which it is a significator, such an aragala can be termed as shubha. For example a malefics in 10th house cast papa argala to 9th house as 10th house is second from 9th. This may make the newborn non religious and give bad relations with boss/teacher, provided there is no virodh argala from 8th.

Arudha – the mounted image

The term Arudha Pada is also known as "Pada". Arudha literally means "mount" and refers to the IMAGE of a sign falling on another due to "reflection of the rays emanating from it and being reflected by its lord.

Keeping the reflection in view, the Karaka (Significator) can be taken to be the Moon. Count from a sign to its lord. Then count as many signs from the lord to arrive at the ARUDHA PADA. For example, if the Lagna Lord is in the fifth house, then count five signs from the Lagna lord to arrive at the ninth house. This ninth house becomes the arudha Pada for the Lagna.

Exception: The Arudha Pada cannot be in the same sign or the seventh from it. In case this happens, then choose the tenth house therefrom. For example, if the Lagna Lord is in the 4th house, then the Arudha lagna should be in the 4th from the 4th house i. e. the 7th house. But since this is not allowed, the tenth therefrom should be chosen. The tenth from the 7th house is the 4th house and the 4th house becomes the Arudha Lagna.

Arudha of 1st house is also called PADA LAGNA or ARUDHA LAGNA. Arudha lagna stands for "manifestation of self, in this maya (illusory) world". In this manner Arudha Pada can be computed for all the houses. They are called Dhana Pada (2nd), Bhratripada (3rd), Matri Pada (4th), Mantrapada (5th), Satrupada (6th), Dara Pada (7th), Roga pada (8th), Bhagyapada (9th), Rajyapada (10th), Labhapada (11th) and Upapada (12th). Jaimini discussed Arudha lagna (AL) and Upapada (UL) extinsively in his classical treatise.

Yoga – the planetary combinations

In Jyotish, Yoga means yoka or combination. Yogas are certain planetary combinations. Jyotish classics explaines hundred of thousands of yogas. Chandra (lunar combinations for general luck), Dhana (wealth related) and Raja (power and success related) yogas are often studied. Nearly eight hundred astrological yogas have been mentioned in ancient and early mediaeval Indian texts.

Shadbala – the sixfold strength

Shadbala means sixfold strength. Although these strengths are combinedly used for finding the effect of planets on the lives of the natives, there is more use of the strengths and we get the clue of those uses from their names. These strengths need not be used only predicting the results of the dasa, however, can be used for normal horoscopic interpretation.

Shad Bal consists of the following strengths

These strengths are computed for the seven Grahas from Sun to Saturn. The lunar nodes (Rahu and Ketu) are not considered.

Birth charts

Further information: Natal chart

There are three different Jyotish chart representations, for showing the rāshi (signs) and bhāva (houses) which are apparently equivalent but quite different in function. In Natal astrology, a natal chart is a Horoscope /astrological chart drawn for the exact time of an individual's birth at a particular place on Earth The following images show the same birth chart in the two main notations - North Indian and South Indian. A third notation is followed in Eastern parts of India.

Image:Birth Chart (northern format).png
Image:Birth Chart (southern).png

In the North Indian notation, the house positions are fixed (1st house top middle, with the rest following in counterclockwise order) and the signs of the zodiac are placed sequentially therein, starting from the Ascendant (rising zodiac sign) placed in the 1st house, and indicated by numerals in the chart (1 for Aries, 2 for Taurus, and so on). Most horoscopic traditions of astrology systems divide the Horoscope into a number (usually twelve of houses whose positions depend on time and location rather A clockwise motion is one that proceeds 'like the Clock 's hands' from the top to the right then down and then to the left and back to the top Zodiac denotes an annual cycle of twelve stations along the Ecliptic, the apparent path of the sun across the heavens through the Constellations that divide the ecliptic

Conversely, in the South Indian notation, the signs of the zodiac have fixed positions (Aries always occupies the 2nd box from the left in the top row, with the rest following in clockwise order), and the first house is marked "As" (for ascendant) with the rest following in clockwise order. Zodiac denotes an annual cycle of twelve stations along the Ecliptic, the apparent path of the sun across the heavens through the Constellations that divide the ecliptic A clockwise motion is one that proceeds 'like the Clock 's hands' from the top to the right then down and then to the left and back to the top The ascendant ( or As) or rising sign, is the zodiacal sign and degree that was ascending on the eastern horizon at the specific time and location of an

The charts contain twelve sections, houses or bhāvas, each of which is related to a rāshi in an equal house system when rough and hurried computations are needed, but when precision is needed bhāvas are made according to Bhāvachalita in which houses are unequal due to elliptical nature of apparent orbit of the Sun. Most horoscopic traditions of astrology systems divide the Horoscope into a number (usually twelve of houses whose positions depend on time and location rather

Panchangam (almanac)

Main article: Panchangam
Further information: Hindu calendar
Panchaanga in Kannada
Panchaanga in Kannada

A panchangam (Sanskrit pañcāṅgam ) is a Hindu astrological almanac (or calendar), which follows traditional Indian cosmology, and presents important astronomical data in tabulated form. A panchangam ( Sanskrit pañcāṅgam) is a Hindu Astrological almanac (or Calendar) which follows traditional Indian cosmology The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Astrology (from Greek grc ἄστρον astron, "constellation star" and grc -λογία -logia) is a group of Systems The word Calendar consist of two words 1 Cal ( in Pashto means Year in Hindi and Persian is Sal- also means Year It forecasts celestial phenomena, such as solar eclipses, and weather (rain, dryspells), as well as more mundane occurrences. s are significant physical entities, associations or structures which current Science has confirmed to exist in Space. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth so that the Sun is wholly or partially obscured A typical Panchanga has tabulations of positions of the Sun, Moon, and other planets for every day of the year at a fixed place (longitude, latitude) and time of day (in 24-hour format IST). The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. Remaining data can be calculated using the relative difference from this fixed place and time. Panchangas may contain information for more than one year, such as the Vishvavijaya Panchanga which is for 100 years.

The theories in the Surya Siddhanta and Grahalaghava formed the basis for the plethora of Panchangas in the past in different regions of the country - a culturally complex system. The Surya Siddhanta is a treatise of Indian astronomy. Later Indian mathematicians and astronomers such as Aryabhata and Varahamihira Thus, the Government of India has prepared the National Panchanga or the Indian national calendar in 1957 (was proposed by Saha and Lahiri in 1952), which is used in predictive Astrology. The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. The Lahiri Ephemeris published annually is the most widely used English almanac in Jyotisha apart from the many Panchangas published in local languages, which are mostly based on the National Panchanga.

In modern India

David Pingree notes that astrology and traditional medicine are the two traditional sciences that have survived best in modern India, although both have been much transformed by their western counterparts. David Edwin Pingree ( January 2, 1933 - November 11, 2005) late University Professor and Professor of History of Mathematics and Classics at Ayurveda ( Devanāgarī: आयुर्वॆद the 'science of life' is a system of Traditional medicine native to India, and practiced in other [11]

There are a great number of contemporary publications, reflecting the persisting importance of astrology in Hindu culture, and the corresponding economical attractivity of the market in India. The culture of India has been shaped by the long History of India, its unique geography and the absorption of customs traditions and ideas from some of its neighbors Notable modern authors include Sri Yukteswar Giri (1855-1936), Bangalore Venkata Raman (1912-1988), Bejan Daruwalla (b. Sri Yukteswar Giri (also spelled Sriyukteswar Giri and Sriyukteshvar Giri ( May 10, 1855 - March 9, 1936) is the monastic name of Priyanath Dr B V Raman (1912-1998Founder-Editor (1936-1998: The Astrological MagazineFounder-President: Indian Council of Astrological Sciences Dr Bejan Daruwalla (born 11 July, 1931) is one of the world's most respected and widely read Indian astrology columnist 1931), V. K. Choudhry (b. V K Choudhry is a well known Indian Vedic astrologer. His major contribution to Indian astrology is the Systems' Approach, now also known 1951), Sanjay Rath (b. Sanjay Rath (born August 7 1963 at Sambalpur, Orissa) is an Indian Astrologer. 1963) & Prash Trivedi (b. 1975).

Innovations

New approaches developed by Hindu astrologers in the modern epoch include the following:

Controversy

Further information: NCERT controversy and Saffronization

In the early 2000s, under the Bharatiya Janata Party led government, astrology became a topic of political contention between the religious right and academic establishment, comparable to the "Creation science" debate in US education. The National Council of Educational Research and Training ( NCERT) is an apex resource organisation set up by the Government of India, with headquarters at New Saffronization or saffronisation is a political Neologism, used to refer to an increase in power of Right-wing Hindu nationalism (or The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political Creation science or scientific creationism is a movement within Creationism which attempts to use scientific means to disprove the accepted scientific theories on Education in the United States is provided mainly by government with control and funding coming from three levels federal, state, and local. The University Grants Commission and the Ministry of Human Resource Development of the Government decided to introduce "Jyotir Vigyan" (i. e. jyotir vijñāna) or "Vedic astrology" as a discipline of study in Indian universities, backed up by a decision by the Andhra Pradesh High Court, despite widespread protests from the scientific community in India and Indian scientists working abroad. The Andhra Pradesh High Court (आंध्र प्रदेश उच्च न्यायालय is the High Court of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh [12] In September of the same year, the Supreme Court of India issued a notice to the Ministry of Human Resource Development in reaction to petition. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. [13] In 2004, the Supreme Court dismissed a further petition, judging that the teaching of astrology does not qualify as promotion of religion. This refuted all the claims set by the petitions filed in the court. [14]

Notes and references

  1. ^ What is Jyotisha Astrology
  2. ^ "In countries such as India, where only a small intellectual elite has been trained in Western physics, astrology manages to retain here and there its position among the sciences. " David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology in modern times" Encyclopedia Britannica 2008
  3. ^ Mohan Rao, Female foeticide: where do we go? Indian Journal of Medical Ethics Oct-Dec2001-9(4) [1]; T. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc Jayaraman, A judicial blow, Frontline Volume 18 - Issue 12, Jun. 09 - 22, 2001[2]
  4. ^ Mc Evilley "The shape of ancient thought", p385 ("The Yavanajataka is the earliest surviving Sanskrit text in horoscopy, and constitute the basis of all later Indian developments in horoscopy", himself quoting David Pingree "The Yavanajataka of Sphujidhvaja" p5)
  5. ^ David Pingree, Jyotiḥśāstra (J. Gonda (Ed. ) A History of Indian Literature, Vol VI Fasc 4), p. 81
  6. ^ The 12 Rashis
  7. ^ The Twelve Bhavas
  8. ^ The 9 Grahas - Planets
  9. ^ The Nakshatras ~ an Overview
  10. ^ The 27 Nakshatras - Lunar Mansions
  11. ^ David Pingree, review of G. Prakash, Science and the Imagination of Modern India, Journal of the American Oriental Society (2002), p. 154 f.
  12. ^ T. Jayaraman, A judicial blow, Frontline Volume 18 - Issue 12, Jun. 09 - 22, 2001[3]
  13. ^ Supreme Court questions 'Jyotir Vigyan', Times of India, 3 September 2001 [4]
  14. ^ Supreme Court: Teaching of astrology no promotion of religion; Introduction of Vedic astrology courses in universities upheld

Bibliography

Further information: Jyotiṣa bibliography
Encyclopedic treatments
Academic literature
Popular introductions

See also

External links

The literature on the classical system of Indian astrology known as Jyotiṣa (by which term is also meant not only the science of Astronomy but also the Vedanga The term varga in Indian astrology ( Jyotisha) refers to the division of a zodiacal sign ( rāśi) into parts The Bhrigu Samhita is an astrological ( Jyotish) classic attributed to Maharishi Bhrigu during the Vedic period Treta yuga The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as According to Hindu mythology and Cosmology, the universe is cyclically created and destroyed Graha (from Sanskrit ग्रह gráha -- seizing laying hold of holding is a 'cosmic influencer' on the living beings of mother Bhumidevi ( Earth) A panchangam ( Sanskrit pañcāṅgam) is a Hindu Astrological almanac (or Calendar) which follows traditional Indian cosmology Nadi astrology ( nāḍi jyotiṣa) is a form of Hindu astrology practised in Tamil Nadu, India Electional astrology is a branch found in most systems of astrology Phonetical knowledge is a unique knowledge evolved by ancient Hindu sages or seers in Vedic era. The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory
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