The Jutes, Iuti, or Iutae were a Germanic people who are believed to have originated from Jutland (called Iutum in Latin) in modern Denmark, Southern Schleswig (South Jutland) and part of the East Frisian coast. The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Southern Schleswig is a name for the geographical area covering the thirty or forty northernmost kilometers of Germany, where Germany borders upon Denmark. South Jutland (Sønderjylland is the name for the region south of the Kongeå in Jutland. East Frisia or Eastern Friesland ( Low Saxon: Oostfreesland, German Ostfriesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the
While Bede places the homeland of the Jutes on the other side of the Angles relative to the Saxons, they have nonetheless been identified with people called the Eucii (or Saxones Eucii) who were evidently associated with the Saxons and dependents of the Franks in 536. Bede (ˈbiːd (also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or (from Latin Beda (beda (c The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestral region of Angeln, a modern district located in The Saxons or Saxon people were a Confederation of Old Germanic tribes. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group A map of Tacitus' portrays a people called the Eudoses living in the north of Jutland and these may have been the later Iutae. Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (ca 56 &ndash ca 117 was a senator and a Historian of the Roman Empire. Still others have preferred the identification with the Eotenas (ēotenas) involved in the Frisian conflict with the Danes as described in the Finnesburg episode in the poem Beowulf (lines 1068–1159). The term Dane may refer to People with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity whether living in Denmark, emigrants or the descendants of emigrants The Finnesburg Fragment is a fragment of an Old English poem of the type called a leoð, or " lay. Beowulf is an Old English Heroic epic poem of anonymous authorship dating as recorded in the Nowell Codex manuscript from between Others have interpreted the ēotenas as jotuns ("ettins" in English), meaning giants, or as a kenning for "enemies". A kenning ( Old Norse kenning, Modern Icelandic pronunciation) is a Circumlocution used instead of an ordinary Noun in Old Norse Yet another possible identification is with the obscure tribe called the Euthiones and probably associated with the Saxons. They are mentioned in a poem by Venantius Fortunatus (583) as being under the suzerainty of Chilperic I of the Franks. Saint Venantius Fortunatus or Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus (c Chilperic I (c 539 &ndash September 584 was the king of Neustria (or Soissons) from 561 to his death Even if Jutes were present to the south of the Saxons in the Rhineland or near the Frisians, this does not omit the possibility that they themselves were migrants from Jutland. The Rhineland ( Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany.
Another modern hypothesis (the so-called "Jutish hypothesis"), accepted by the Oxford English Dictionary, states that the Jutes are identical with the Geats, a people who once lived in southern Sweden. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English Geats, Geatas, Gautar, Goths, Gotar, Gøtar, Götar were a North Germanic tribe inhabiting Götaland "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. In primary sources the Geats are referred to as Eotas, Iótas, Iútan, and Geátas. However, in both Widsith and Beowulf, the Eotenas in the Finn passage are neatly distinguished from the Geatas. Widsith is an Old English poem of 144 lines that appears to date from the 9th century drawing on earlier Oral traditions of Anglo-Saxon tale singing Finn, son of Folcwald, was a legendary Frisian lord He is mentioned in Widsith, in Beowulf, and in the Finnsburg Fragment It may be that the two tribal names happened to be confused, which has happened, for example, in the sources about the death of the Swedish king Östen. Eysteinn (d ca 600 was the son of Eadgils and Yrsa of Saxony. It is possible that the Jutes are a related people to the Geats and a Gothic people as it is mentioned in the Gutasaga that some inhabitants of Gotland left for mainland Europe (the Wielbark site in Poland is evidence of a Scandinavian migration). The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s The Gutasaga is a saga treating the history of Gotland before its Christianization. is a county, province and municipality of Sweden and the largest Island in the Baltic Sea.
The Jutes, along with the Angles, Saxons, and small number of Frisians, were amongst the Germanic tribes who sailed across the North Sea to raid and eventually invade Great Britain from the late fourth century onwards, either displacing, absorbing, or destroying the native Celtic peoples there. The Frisians are an ethnic group of Germanic people living in coastal parts of The Netherlands and Germany. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts According to Bede, they ended up settling in Kent (where they became known as the Cantuarii), Hampshire (in Wessex), and the Isle of Wight (where they became known as the Uictuarii). KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain West Saxon redirects here For other meanings of Wessex or West Saxon see Wessex (disambiguation. The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the There are a number of toponyms that attest to the presence of the Jutes in the area, such as Ytene, which Florence of Worcester states was the contemporary English name for the New Forest. Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names ( toponyms) their origins meanings use and Typology. John of Worcester (died Circa 1140 was an English Monk and chronicler. The New Forest is an area of southern England which includes the largest remaining tracts of unenclosed pasture land heathland and Forest in the heavily-populated
While it is commonplace to detect their influences in Kent (for example, the practice of partible inheritance known as gavelkind), the Jutes in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight vanished, probably assimilated to the surrounding Saxons, leaving only the slightest of traces. Partible inheritance is a general term applied to systems of Inheritance in which property may be apportioned among Heirs It contrasts in particular Gavelkind was a peculiar system of Land tenure associated chiefly with the county of Kent, but found also in other parts of England. One recent scholar, Robin Bush, even argued that the Jutes of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight became victims of a policy of ethnic cleansing by the West Saxons, although this has been the subject of debate amongst academics, with the counter-claim that only the aristocracy might have been wiped out. Ethnic cleansing is a Euphemism referring to the persecution through imprisonment expulsion or killing of members of an ethnic minority by a majority to achieve ethnic homogeneity West Saxon redirects here For other meanings of Wessex or West Saxon see Wessex (disambiguation. The culture of the Jutes of Kent is usually regarded as more advanced than that of the Saxons or Angles and early on shows signs of Roman, Frankish, and Christian influence. Funerary evidence indicates that the pagan practice of cremation ceased relatively early and jewellery recovered from graves has affinities with Rhenish styles from the Continent, perhaps suggesting close commercial connections with Francia. The Jutish king Ethelbert of Kent married the Frankish princess Bertha and introduced Christianity into England. Æthelberht (also Æthelbert, Aethelberht, Aethelbert, or Ethelbert) (c See also Saint Bertha of Val d'Or Saint Bertha or Saint Aldeberge (539 &ndash c Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings He was the first, and only, Jutish Bretwalda. Bretwalda, also Brytenwalda, Bretenanwealda, is an Anglo-Saxon term the first record of which comes from the late ninth century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Sources
- Stenton, Frank M. Anglo-Saxon England. Sir Frank Merry Stenton (1880 &ndash 15 September 1967 was a noted 20th century historian of Anglo-Saxon England. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.