| Justus von Liebig | |
 Justus von Liebig-chemist
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| Born | 12 May 1803 Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse |
|---|---|
| Died | April 18, 1873 (aged 69) Munich, German Empire |
| Residence | Grand Duchy of Hesse, then German Empire |
| Nationality | Hessian, then German |
| Fields | Chemist |
| Institutions | University of Giessen University of Munich |
| Alma mater | University of Bonn University of Erlangen |
| Doctoral advisor | Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner |
| Doctoral students | Carl Schmidt, Nikolay Zinin, Victor Regnault, Carl von Voit, Hermann von Fehling, Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp, August Kekulé, August von Hofmann, Lyon Playfair, Emil Erlenmeyer, Moritz Traube, Adolph Strecker, Wilhelm Henneberg , |
| Known for | Nitrogen Law of the Minimum Liebig condenser |
Justus von Liebig (May 12, 1803 – April 18, 1873) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland The Grand Duchy of Hesse (Großherzogtum Hessen was a former state that existed in modern-day Germany. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The Grand Duchy of Hesse (Großherzogtum Hessen was a former state that existed in modern-day Germany. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry. The University of Gießen (German Universität Gießen) is officially called Justus Liebig-Universität Gießen after its most famous member The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München also known as LMU, is a University in Munich and with more Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Bonn ( German: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany History The university was founded in 1742 in Bayreuth by Frederick Margrave of Bayreuth, and moved to Erlangen in 1743 A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (1783 - 1857 was a German Chemist and natural scientist Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt ( June 13, 1822 - February 27, 1894) also known in Russia as Karl Genrikhovich Schmidt (Карл Ге́нрихович Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin (Николай Николаевич Зинин ( 25 August 1812, Shusha – 18 February 1880, Saint Henri Victor Regnault ( July 21, 1810 – January 19, 1878) was a French chemist and physicist best known for his careful measurements Carl von Voit ( October 31, 1831 - January 31, 1908) was a German Physiologist and Dietitian. Hermann von Fehling ( 9 June 1812 - 1 July 1885) was a German Chemist, famous as the developer of Fehling's solution Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp ( October 30, 1817 &ndash February 20, 1892) German Chemist, was born at Hanau, where Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (also August Kekulé) (7 September 1829 &ndash 13 July 1896 was a German organic chemist. August Wilhelm von Hofmann ( April 8, 1818 &ndash May 5, 1892) was a German Chemist. Lyon Playfair 1st Baron Playfair, GCB, PC, FRS ( May 1, 1818 &ndash May 29, 1898) was a Scottish For his son sometimes known as Emil Jr see Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer ( 28 June Moritz Traube ( 12 February 1826, Ratibor, Silesia, now Racibórz, Poland &mdash 28 June 1894, Adolph Strecker ( October 21, 1822 &ndash November 7, 1871) was a German Chemist who is remembered primarily for his work Wilhelm Henneberg was a German chemist and student of Justus von Liebig. Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Liebig's Law of the Minimum, often simply called Liebig's Law or the Law of the Minimum, is a principle developed in Agricultural science by Carl Sprengel In a Laboratory, a condenser is a piece of Laboratory glassware used to cool hot vapors or liquids Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Organic chemistry is a discipline within Chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure properties composition reactions, and preparation As a professor, he devised the modern laboratory-oriented teaching method, and for such innovations, he is regarded as one of the greatest chemistry teachers of all time. The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies A laboratory (informally lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific Research, Experiments and He is known as the "father of the fertilizer industry" for his discovery of nitrogen as an essential plant nutrient, and his formulation of the Law of the Minimum which described the effect of individual nutrients on crops. Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. A nutrient is food or chemicals that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organism's metabolism which must be taken in from its environment Liebig's Law of the Minimum, often simply called Liebig's Law or the Law of the Minimum, is a principle developed in Agricultural science by Carl Sprengel He also developed a manufacturing process for beef extract, and founded a company, Liebig Extract of Meat Company, that later trademarked the Oxo brand beef bouillon cube. The Liebig Extract of Meat Company (Lemco was the originator of Liebig and Oxo Meat extracts and later Oxo beef Stock cubes It was named after Baron A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual Oxo is a brand of various food products consisting of stock cubes, herbs and spices dried gravy and Yeast extract. A bouillon cube (US or stock cube (UK is dehydrated Broth ( bouillon in French) or stock formed into a small
Contents |
Biography
Liebig was born in Darmstadt into a middle class family. Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland From childhood he was fascinated by chemistry and even was expelled from his grammar school for detonating an explosive device he had made at home from chemicals obtained from his father's drysaltery business. A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries An explosive material is a material that either is chemically or otherwise Energetically unstable or produces a sudden expansion of the material usually accompanied Drysalters were dealers in a range of chemical products including glue varnish dye and colourings [This tale is probably apocryphal--there is no historical evidence that it occurred. ] He was apprenticed to the apothecary Gottfried Pirsch (1792-1870) in Heppenheim. Heppenheim (Bergstraße is the seat of Bergstraße district in Hesse, Germany, lying on the Bergstraße on the edge of the Odenwald
Liebig attended the University of Bonn, studying under Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner, a business associate of his father. The University of Bonn ( German: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (1783 - 1857 was a German Chemist and natural scientist When Kastner moved to the University of Erlangen, Liebig followed him and later took his doctorate from Erlangen. History The university was founded in 1742 in Bayreuth by Frederick Margrave of Bayreuth, and moved to Erlangen in 1743 Liebig did not receive the doctorate until well after he had left Erlangen, and the circumstances are clouded by a possible scandal [see Munday (1990)]. Also at Erlangen, Liebig fell in love with the poet August Graf von Platen (1796-1835)[1] who wrote several sonnets dedicated to Liebig. He left Erlangen in March 1822, in part because of his involvement with the radical Korps Rhenania (a nationalist student organization) but also because of his hopes for more advanced chemical studies.
In autumn 1822 Liebig went to study in Paris on a grant obtained for him by Kastner from the Hessian government. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Hesse (Hessen is a state of Germany with an area He worked in the private laboratory of Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, and was also befriended by Alexander von Humboldt and Georges Cuvier (1769-1832). A laboratory (informally lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific Research, Experiments and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (also Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac, December 6, 1778 – May 9, 1850) was a French chemist (September 14 1769 &ndash May 6 1859 was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister philosopher and linguist Baron Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert Cuvier ( August 23 1769 &ndash May 13, 1832) was a French naturalist
After leaving Paris, Liebig returned to Darmstadt and married Henriette Moldenhauer, the daughter of a state official. This ended Liebig's relationship with Platen.
In 1824 at the age of 21 and with Humboldt's recommendation, Liebig became a professor at the University of Giessen. The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies The University of Gießen (German Universität Gießen) is officially called Justus Liebig-Universität Gießen after its most famous member He established the world's first major school of chemistry there. He received an appointment from the King of Bavaria to the University of Munich in 1852, where he remained until his death in 1873 in Munich. The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München also known as LMU, is a University in Munich and with more Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. He became Freiherr (baron) in 1845.
He founded and edited from 1832 the journal Annalen der Chemie, which became the leading German-language journal of Chemistry. Official title Annalen der Chemie, 1832–1839 Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1840–1872 (ISSN 0075-4617 CODEN JLACBF The volumes from his lifetime are often referenced just as Liebigs Annalen; and following his death the title was officially changed to Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie.
Research and development
Liebig improved organic analysis with the Kaliapparat-- a five-bulb device that used a potassium hydroxide solution to remove the organic combustion product carbon dioxide. He downplayed the role of humus in plant nutrition and discovered that plants feed on nitrogen compounds and carbon dioxide derived from the air, as well as on minerals in the soil. Humus (Origin 1790–1800 Latin: earth ground) is the organic material in Soil lending it a dark brown or black colouration Nutrition (also called nourishment or aliment) is the provision to cells and Organisms of the materials necessary (in the form of food to support Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel One of his most recognized and far-reaching accomplishments was the invention of nitrogen-based fertilizer. Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant Liebig believed that nitrogen must be supplied to plant roots in the form of ammonia. Though a practical and commercial failure, his invention of fertilizer recognized the possibility of substituting chemical fertilizers for natural (animal dung, etc. ) ones. He also formulated the Law of the Minimum, stating that a plant's development is limited by the one essential mineral that is in the relatively shortest supply, visualized as "Liebig's barrel". Liebig's Law of the Minimum, often simply called Liebig's Law or the Law of the Minimum, is a principle developed in Agricultural science by Carl Sprengel This concept is a qualitative version of the principles used to determine the application of fertilizer in modern agriculture.
He was also one of the first chemists to organize a laboratory as we know it today. His novel method of organic analysis made it possible for him to direct the analytical work of many graduate students. The vapor condensation device he popularized for his research is still known as a Liebig condenser, although it was in common use long before Liebig's research began. In a Laboratory, a condenser is a piece of Laboratory glassware used to cool hot vapors or liquids Liebig's students were from many of the German states as well as Britain and the United States, and they helped create an international reputation for their Doktorvater.
In 1835 he invented a process for silvering that greatly improved the utility of mirrors. Silvering is the chemical process of coating Glass with a reflective substance A mirror is an object with a surface that has good Specular reflection; that is it is smooth enough to form an Image.
Liebig's work on applying chemistry to plant and animal physiology was especially influential. At a time when many chemists such as Jöns Jakob Berzelius insisted on a hard and fast separation between the organic and inorganic, Liebig argued that ". Friherre Jöns Jacob Berzelius (20 August 1779 &ndash 7 August 1848 was a Swedish chemist . . the production of all organic substances no longer belongs just to the organism. It must be viewed as not only probable but as certain that we shall produce them in our laboratories. Sugar, salicin [aspirin], and morphine will be artificially produced. " [Liebig and Woehler (1838)]
Liebig's arguments against any chemical distinction between living (physiological) and dead chemical processes proved a great inspiration to several of his students and others who were interested in materialism. Though Liebig distanced himself from the direct political implications of materialism, he tacitly supported the work of Karl Vogt (1817-1895), Jacob Moleschott (1822-1893), and Ludwig Buechner (1824-1899).
Liebig played a more direct role in reforming politics in the German states through his promotion of science-based agriculture and the publication of John Stuart Mill's Logic. John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 &ndash 8 May 1873 British Philosopher, political economist, civil servant and Member of Parliament, was an influential Through Liebig's close friendship with the Vieweg family publishing house, he arranged for his former student Jacob Schiel (1813-1889) to translate Mill's important work for German publication. Liebig liked Mill's Logic in part because it promoted science as a means to social and political progress, but also because Mill featured several examples of Liebig's research as an ideal for the scientific method. Liebig is also credited with the notion that "searing meat seals in the juices. Searing (or pan searing) is a technique used in Grilling, Roasting, Braising, Sautéing, etc "[2] This idea, still widely believed, is not true.
Working with Belgian engineer George Giebert, Liebig devised an efficient method of producing beef extract from carcasses. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. In 1865, they founded the Liebig Extract of Meat Company, marketing the extract as a cheap, nutritious alternative to real meat. The Liebig Extract of Meat Company (Lemco was the originator of Liebig and Oxo Meat extracts and later Oxo beef Stock cubes It was named after Baron In modern English usage meat most often refers to Animal tissue used as food mostly Skeletal muscle and associated Fat, but it may also refer Some years after Liebig's death, in 1899, the product was trademarked "Oxo". Oxo is a brand of various food products consisting of stock cubes, herbs and spices dried gravy and Yeast extract.
After World War II, the University of Giessen was officially renamed after him, "Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen". World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The University of Gießen (German Universität Gießen) is officially called Justus Liebig-Universität Gießen after its most famous member In 1953 the West German post office issued a stamp in his honor. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( The Deutsche Bundespost ( German federal Post office) was created in 1947 as a successor to the Reichspost (German imperial post office [3]
Major works
- Organic Chemistry in its Application to Agriculture and Physiology (1840)
- Organic Chemistry in its Application to Physiology and Pathology (1842)
- Familiar Letters on Chemistry (1843)
See also
Notes
- ^ William H. Justus von Liebig The early concepts of soil were based on ideas developed by a German chemist Justus von Liebig ( 1803 – 1873) and modified and refined This is a list of famous chemists: (alphabetical order A Emil Abderhalden, (1877&ndash1950 Swiss chemist Richard Abegg Brock. Justus von Liebig: The Chemical Gatekeeper. Cambridge University Press, 2002, page 21
- ^ McGee, Harold (2004). On Food and Cooking (Revised Edition). Scribner. ISBN 0-684-80001-2. Page 161, "The Searing Question".
- ^ Germany #695, Scott catalogue
References
- William H. The Scott catalogue of Postage stamps published by Scott Publishing Co a subsidiary of Amos Press, is updated annually and lists all the stamps of the entire Brock, Justus von Liebig: The Chemical Gatekeeper (Cambridge University Press, 1997). See also William H. Brock.
- Rosenfeld, Louis (2003), “Justus Liebig and animal chemistry.”, Clin. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Chem. 49 (10): 1696-707, 2003 Oct, PMID:14500604, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500604>
- Kirschke, Martin (2003), “Liebig, his university professor Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (1783-1857) and his problematic relation with romantic natural philosophy.”, Ambix 50 (1): 3-24, 2003 Mar, PMID:12921103, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12921103>
- Buttner, J (2000), “Justus von Liebig and his influence on clinical chemistry.”, Ambix 47 (2): 96-117, 2000 Jul, PMID:11640225, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11640225>
- Thomas, U (1988), “Philipp Lorenz Geiger and Justus Liebig.”, Ambix 35 (2): 77-90, 1988, PMID:11621581, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11621581>
- Guggenheim, K Y (1985), “Johannes Müller and Justus Liebig on nutrition.”, Korot 8 (11-12): 66-76, 1985, PMID:11614053, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11614053>
- Sonntag, O (1977), “Religion and science in the thought of Liebig.”, Ambix 24 (3): 159-69, 1977 Nov, PMID:11610495, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11610495>
- Glas, E (1976), “The Liebig-Mulder controversy. On the methodology of physiological chemistry.”, Janus; revue internationale de l'histoire des sciences, de la médecine, de la pharmacie, et de la technique 63 (1-2-3): 27-46, 1976, PMID:11610199, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11610199>
- Sonntag, O (1974), “Liebig on Francis Bacon and the utility of science.”, Annals of science 31 (5): 373-86, 1974 Sep, PMID:11615416, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11615416>
- Kempler, K (1973), “[Justus Liebig]”, Orvosi hetilap 114 (22): 1312-7, 1973 Jun 3, PMID:4576434, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4576434>
- Halmai, J (1963), “Justus Liebig”, Orvosi hetilap 104: 1523-4, 1963 Aug 11, PMID:13952197, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13952197>
- Berghoff, E (1954), “Justus von Liebig, founder of physiological chemistry.”, Wien. PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Klin. Wochenschr. 66 (23): 401-2, 1954 Jun 11, PMID:13187963, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13187963>
- Schmidt, F (1953), “To Justus von Liebig on his 150th birthday, 12 May 1953”, Pharmazie 8 (5): 445-6, 1953 May, PMID:13088290, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13088290>
- Schneider, W (1953), “Justus von Liebig and the Archiv der Pharmazie; in memory of Liebig's birthday, 12 May 1803”, Archiv der Pharmazie und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft 286 (4): 165-72, 1953, PMID:13081110, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13081110>
- G. PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. PMID is an Acronym for PubMed Identifier or more specifically PubMed Unique Identifier which is a unique number assigned to each PubMed F. Knapp (1903). "Zur Hundertsten Wiederkehr: Justus von Liebig nach dem Leben gezeichnet". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 36 (2): 1315 – 1330. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- Georg Freiherr von Liebig (1890). "Nekrolog: Justus von Liebig. Eigenhändige biographische Aufzeichnungen". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 23 (3): 817 – 828. See also Anales de Química Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- "Zur Erinnerung an Justus von Liebig" (1873). Journal für Praktische Chemie 8 (1): 428 – 458. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
External links
- Familiar Letters on Chemistry at librivox. org
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Robert Brown |
Copley Medal 1840 jointly with Jacques Charles François Sturm |
Succeeded by Georg Ohm |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Liebig, Justus von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Chemist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 12 May 1803 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Darmstadt, Germany |
| DATE OF DEATH | 18 April 1873 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Munich, Germany |
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